SkeletalSkeletal SystemSystem

Emily DavisMarina TomeSam Watkins

Introduction

• Objective : Students will be able to identify the function and structures of the skeletal system. Distinguish between bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Describe the development of bones from cartilage and identify the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Describe the classification of joints by tissue and know the six types of synovial joints and their types of movement. Distinguish between the appendicular and axial skeletons. Finally, identify 23 major bones of the human body and their functions.

Function

• Five functions of the Skeletal System:– 1) Provide points of attachments for

muscles – 2) Protect and support softer underlying

tissues – 3) House blood producing cells – 4) Store inorganic salts – 5) Contain passage ways for blood

vessels and nerves

SUPPORTSUPPORT

Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, and Cartilage

Bones Ligaments

(Binds bones to

joints)

Tendons

(Attaches muscle to

bone)

Cartilage

Tissue Type

Connective Connective Connective Connective

Unique Characteristics

Extracellular matrix

Bone matrix

Haversian Canals

Sheet-like cords

Collagenous Fibers

White fibrous connective

tissue

3 typesCollagenous

fibers

Rigid

Long Bone

Bone Cells

• osteoBlasts

• osteoClasts

Build Bone

Crush Bone

Bone Development

• Diagram

Intramembranous

• Flat• Layers of connective tissue• Enlarge into osteoBlasts• Deposit boney matrix• Spongy bone forms• Periosteum • Compact bone

Joints by TissueFibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

Found between joints of bones Immovable Dense connective tissue Ex: Skull

Connect through hyaline or fibrocartilage Limited Movement Ex: Between Vertebrae

Capsules of ligaments Synovial membranes and fluid Covered by hyaline cartilage Six different types Ex: Elbow

Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket • Two bones, one ball shaped and the

other cup shaped, fit into one another Movements in all planes and rotation

Ex: Shoulder and hip

Ball

Socket

Condyloid Curve of one bone articulates with

another bone Variety of movement in

different planes, but no rotation Ex: Joints between metacarpals and phalanges

Gliding Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or

slightly curved Sliding or twisting

Ex: Joints between various bones of wrists and ankles, sacroiliac

Hinge Two surfaces, one convex and the other concave,

articulate with each other Flexion and extension

Ex: Elbow and joints of phalanges

Pivot

• Cylindrical surface of one bone fits into the rings of another bone

Rotation around a central axis Ex: Axis of neck

Saddle• Concave and convex surfaces fit with

one another Variety of movements

Ex: Joints between the carpal and the metacarpals of the thumb

Joint Movement

• Flexion• Extension• Dorsiflexion• Plantar Flexion• Hyperextension• Abduction• Adduction• Rotation• Circumduction

SkeletonsAppendicular Axial

23 Major Bones of the Human Body

Skull

Vertebral Column

Pectoral Girdle

Thoracic Cage

SternumTrue Ribs

False Ribs

Floating Ribs

Pelvic Girdle

Upper Limb

Lower Limb

Bone Diseases

• Osteoporosis

• Cancer

• Paget’s Disease

Questions?

Quick Review

• How many bones are there in the human body?– 206 bones

• What are the two types of bone cells and what does each do?

osteoBlasts - Build Bone osteoClasts - Crush Bone

• What are the three types of vertebrae and how many are there of each?– Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5)

• Name all functions of the skeletal system.

Thank You for your attention!!

QUIZ TIME!!