skeletal system
TRANSCRIPT
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• Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs
• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain
• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
• Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
• Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
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• Long Bones- legs and arms
• Short Bones- hands and feet
• Flat Bones- rib, pelvis, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones, carpals, tarsals
• Sesamoid- patella
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Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage
Sharpey’s fibers
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Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
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Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage
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Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle
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Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
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Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator foramen
Pelvis (lateral view)
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Male Pelvic Girdle
Female Pelvic Girdle
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Patella
The Lower Limb (Legs)
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
TibiaFibula
5 Metatarsals14 Phalanges
7 Tarsals
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metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
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Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)
suturesuture
pubis symphisispubis symphisis
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Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)
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femur
ligaments
pelvis
(diarthrosis)- freely moveable
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femur
pelvis
hyaline cartilage synovial
cavity
joint capsule
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Abduction
Extension
RotationFlexion
Adduction
Synovial Joint Movement
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275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches
long)
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cartilagecalcified cartilage
bone
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st 2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before birth
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hematomacallus bony callus
bone remodeling
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Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier
Factors: • age, gender (more in women)• estrogen and testosterone decrease• insufficient exercise (or too much)• diet poor in Ca++ and protein• abnormal vitamin D receptors• smoking
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Spinal Curvatures
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Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction
Diseases of the Skeletal System:
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