skeletal system
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs
• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain
• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
• Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
• Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
![Page 3: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
• Sesamoid- patella
![Page 4: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage
Sharpey’s fibers
![Page 6: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Posterior ViewPosterior View
![Page 11: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Warm and moisten air• Lighten the skull• Enhance voice resonance
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
![Page 12: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
SacrumCoccyx
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
![Page 13: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cervical Vertebrae
![Page 14: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
The Thoracic CageThe Thoracic Cage
![Page 17: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sacrum & CoccyxSacrum & Coccyx
![Page 18: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bones of the Pectoral GirdleBones of the Pectoral Girdle
![Page 19: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
![Page 20: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pelvis
![Page 24: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
Pubis
Ischium
Obturator foramen
Pelvis (lateral view)
![Page 25: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Male Pelvic Girdle
Female Pelvic Girdle
![Page 26: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Patella
The Lower Limb (Legs)
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
TibiaFibula
5 Metatarsals14 Phalanges
7 Tarsals
![Page 28: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
metatarsals
phelangies
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies
tarsals
![Page 32: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Immovable Joints Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)(synarthrosis)
suturesuture
pubis symphisispubis symphisis
![Page 34: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Slightly Movable Joint Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)(ampharthrosis)
![Page 35: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
femur
ligaments
pelvis
(diarthrosis)- freely moveable
![Page 36: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
femur
pelvis
hyaline cartilage synovial
cavity
joint capsule
![Page 37: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Abduction
Extension
RotationFlexion
Adduction
Synovial Joint Movement
![Page 39: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
275 bones275 bones12 weeks (6-9 12 weeks (6-9 inches long)inches long)
![Page 40: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
cartilagecalcified cartilage
bone
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st 2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before birth
![Page 41: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
OsteoclastEats bone
Builds new bone
Mature bone cell
![Page 42: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Bone Repair:1. Electrical stimulation of the fracture site:• Increases speed and completeness of healing• The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts
down from reabsorbing bone2. Ultrasound treatment:• Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones
by 25-35%3. Free vascular fibular graft technique:• Transplant fibula in arm• Gives good blood supply not available in other
treatments4. Bone substitutes:• Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and
hepatitis• Sea bone- coral• Artificial bone- ceramic
![Page 43: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
hematomacallus bony callus
bone remodeling
![Page 45: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier
Factors: • age, gender (more in women)• estrogen and testosterone decrease• insufficient exercise (or too much)• diet poor in Ca++ and protein• abnormal vitamin D receptors• smoking
![Page 46: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
OsteoporosisOsteoporosis
2929 4040 8484 9292
![Page 47: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction
Diseases of the Skeletal System:
![Page 48: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: skeletal system](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062704/555cc53ad8b42a5f718b535b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
INQUIRY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSHoonPWwXQ
1. What is a fontanel?2. How many bones in the adult skeleton?3. What is the difference between the appendicular
and axial skeleton?4. What is a meniscus?5. Demonstrate adduction.6. Weight bearing vertebrae are called?7. What does an osteoclast do?
Extra Credit: 1-page reaction paper on bipedalism and problems associated with our human frame. Attach article. Turn in 1-week from today.