6 stroke

Internal combustion

engine

ABSTRACT

In this seminar we discuss about the six stroke engine. It include Introduction, the types of six stroke engine than how to work this six stroke, Factors contributing to increased thermal Efficiency, Reduced Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emission Advantages & Disadvantages of this engine. And last Conclusion of this seminar: SIX STROKE ENGINE.

Content

Introduction Types of Six stroke Engine Working of Six stroke engine Advantages & Disadvantages Conclusion Reference

Introduction

Nikolaus August Otto first designed what is known as the Otto engine or simply the 4 stroke internal combustion engine. Conversion of heat energy liberated by the combustion of the fuel into mechanical energy which rotated the crankshaft was the basic principle of this engine. The 4 stroke engine worked on the principle of the Otto cycle .The 4 stroke engine comprises of the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and finally the exhaust stroke. Fuel was injected in the intake stroke and power from the fuel was derived in the 3rd stroke.

Types of Six stroke Engine

There are three types of six stroke Engine.

1. Crower six stroke engine. 2. Beare Head Six Stroke engine. 3. Bajulaz six stroke engine.

The details of this three types of six stroke Engine are given below:-

1. Crower six stroke engine.

In a six-stroke engine patented in the U.S. by Bruce Crower, after the exhaust stroke, fresh water is injected into the cylinder, and is quickly turned to superheated steam, which causes the water to expand to 1600 times its volume and forces the piston down for an additional stroke.

This design also claims to reduce fuel consumption by 40%.

Crower's six stroke engine features:- · No cooling system required · Improves a typical engine’s fuel consumption · Requires a supply of distilled water to act as the medium for

the second power stroke.

This engine is more efficient and powerful than the existing four stroke engines.

The engine is also having the scope of using heavy fuels and bio-fuels.

The engine with varied thermodynamic cycle of operation has better thermodynamic efficiency, reduced fuel Consumption, reduced pollution.

Nearly 40% more fuel efficiency can be obtained

THE SIX STROKES

Intake Stroke Compression Stroke Power Stroke Exhaust Stroke Steam Stroke Exhaust Stroke

FIRST STROKE

During the first stroke the inlet valve is opened and air or air-fuel mixture is sucked into the cylinder.

SECOND STROKE

During this stroke air or air fuel mixture compressed to the maximum pressure. 

THIRD STROKE

This is first power stroke of the engine. This is given by primary fuel (petrol or diesel or LPG). During this stroke all valves are remains closed.

FOURTH STROKE

During this stroke exhaust valve will be opened and burned gases send out to the atmosphere through the heat recovery system for warm-up the water.

   FIFTH STROKE

In this stroke, Water is injected into the hot cylinder through the steam valve. By absorbing the heat from cylinder wall, the steam expands causing the piston to move down.

  SIXTH STROKE 

The expanded steam escapes through the opened exhaust valve and hence the piston moves upward. These exhaust steams also send via heat recovery system for warm-up the water.

WORKING OF SIX STROKE ENGINE

VALVES USED IN ENGINES

Inlet Valve Exhaust Valve  Water injector

Inlet Valve:

It opens to supplied fresh air or air-fuel into the cylinder.

  Exhaust Valve:

It opens to remove the burned gases and steam from the cylinder.

Water injector:

It opens to inject the water into the cylinder with high pressure.

FUNCTIONS OF VALVES IN ENGINES

HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM The main objective of this paper is to utilise

the heat from exhaust by a system called heat recovery system

This system utilise the waste heat from the burned fuel and exhaust steam

Water tank is placed inside the recovery tank At same time the exhaust burned gas and

steam are going through this tank continuously heat the water before injecting it to the cylinder

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM

MODIFICATION OF MATERIAL Since minimum cooling surface is necessary

for high efficiency engine operation The heat of combustion chamfer should be

retained and should not be rejected to a cooling system if possible

The piston, cylinder and cylinder head can either be coated with a thermally insulating material like zirconium or they can be comprised of a thermally insulating ceramic like silicon nitride.

SOME FACTS ABOUT SIX-STROKE ENGINE

The water enters only when the temperature inside the cylinder reaches above 250oC.

The water cannot enter the spark plug, because of high temp.

The cylinder will not get rusted because engine will run for 15-30 sec before it shuts down.

Distilled water in order to avoid corrosion.

The heat from the exhaust (both Steam and burnt gases) is reused to heat the water to produce steam.

The six-stroke engine does not require any basic modification to the existing engines. All technological experience and production methods remain unaltered.

It can be working under multi fuel.

ADVANTAGES It is having high efficiency compared to

4-stroke or 2-stroke engine. Improves a typical engine’s fuel

consumption. No cooling system required. The weight and power loss of most

conventional cooling system parts such as the fan, radiator and coolant pump can be eliminated.

High Mechanical efficiency. Physical engine size reduction. The higher percentage of power strokes may

allow lower working speeds, with higher torque output at lower and broader rpm ranges.

Reduced exhaust emissions per a given power range, CO can reduce up to 65%

2. Beare Head Six Stroke engine.

This engine simply replaces the conventional Four Stroke Engines Cylinder Head. The manufacturers Four Stroke bottom end remains unchanged

The net result is: Power/torque increases of 35%. Simpler and less expensive

manufacturing and tooling Reduction of cylinder head

reciprocating parts Lower maintenance costs due to less

wearing parts

The double pistons combustion engine's work is based on the co-operation of both modules. The air load change takes place in two-stroke engine. The piston of four-stroke engine is exchange aiding system which improves air load change. It works as a system of valves. The cylinder is filled with air or with air-fuel mixture. Filling process takes place at overpressure by the slide inlet system. The exhaust gases are removed as in the classical two-stroke engine (by exhaust's windows in cylinder). The fuel is supplied into the cylinder by fuel injection system. The ignition is realized by two spark plugs.

3. Bajulaz six stroke engine.

The Bajulaz six stroke engine is similar to a regular combustion engine in design. This Engine was invented in 1989 by the Bajulaz S A .

Bajulaz six stroke engine features:- Reduction in fuel consumption by at

least 40% Two expansions (work) in six strokes Dramatic reduction in pollution Liquefied Petroleum Gas Costs comparable to those of a four-

stroke engine combustion engine in design.

Working of Six stroke engine

1) Intake valve

2) Heating chamber valve

3) Combustion chamber valve

4) Exhaust valve

5) Cylinder

6) Combustion chamber

7) Air heating chamber

8) Wall of combustion chamber

9) Fuel injector

10) Heating plug

11) Piston

12) Crankshaft

1st stroke (suction stroke)

The inlet valve(1) is kept open. Due to cranking, the piston moves downward which results in the formation of a pressure difference due to which pure air enters the cylinder (5). The crankshaft completesrotates for half cycle.

2nd stroke (compression stroke)

The inlet valve closes and the heating chamber valve opens. The piston moves upwards due to cranking forcing the pure air into heating chamber. The air at this stage is converted to high pressure.

3rd stroke (1st power stroke)

The combustion chamber valve opens and the gases of combustion enter the cylinder.

4th stroke (exhaust stroke)

The exhaust valve opens. The piston moves upwards and the exhaust gases are removed via this valve. The crankshaft rotates another half cycle. At this stage the crankshaft completes 2 full cycles.

5th stroke (2nd power stroke)

The heating chamber valve opens and the pure air now at high pressure and high temperature enters the cylinder as shown in the figure which does work on the piston and hence it moves downwards resulting in the 2nd power stroke. The crankshaft completes

another half cycle.

6th stroke

Finally the combustion chamber valve opens the piston moves upwards forcing the pure air into the combustion chamber. The crankshaft will complete 3 full cycles at the end of the 6th stroke.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

• Two expansions (work) in six strokes:• Multifuel:

• Dramatic reduction in pollution:• Liquefied Petroleum Gas:

• Cost comparable to those of a four-stroke engine:

CONCLUSION

Drastically reducing fuel consumption and pollution without radically affecting performances would allow the current concept of the automobile to be reassessed.

There is, at this day, no wonder solution for the replacement of the internal combustion engine. Only improvements of the current technology can help it progress within reasonable time and financial limits.

Fuel consumption for mid-sized engines should be within 4 and 5 litres per 100km. and 3 to 4 litres for the small-sized engines.

Automobiles equipped with the six-stroke engine could appear in the market within 3 to 5 years.

THANKS FOR LISTENING

Created by:- Amandeep tanwar & Lalit Vashisth