sitxohs001b follow health, safety and security procedures

Slide 1

SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Workplace illness and injury

Every year in Australia, around 700 workers die and some 300,000 are injured because of workplace illness and injury.

Because of this very serious problem laws are very strict on workplace safety in Australia.As well as the problems or costs for the person who is injured there are also many other problems and costs that occur when people are injured or suffer illness at work. Human costSocial costEconomic costOrganisational costs

1SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Policies and proceduresWhat is the difference between a policy and a procedure?

A policy is a statement about an issue in the workplace and says what the business intends to do about that issue. A procedure sets out step-by-step instructions on how to deal with an activity in the workplace.


Warning signsMost workplaces will have warning signs around the building, on the walls and above doors, to warn staff and customers of hazards or to give instructions about the business.


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Some tasks we do can be dangerous if we do not protect ourselves, such as when we are using chemicals or dangerous equipment.

You may need to use PPE when: Using a chemical to clean cooking equipment Are working in transport areas such as a storeroom with forklifts When using power tools to carry out maintenance workWhen cleaning using any chemicalsWhen disposing of glass into binsWhen working where heavy items are


Reporting Unsafe Conditions

Sometimes managing a large organisation can be difficult and a manager cannot be everywhere all at once.

These may include:Broken or damaged electrical appliances or cords.Uneven floors or broken tiles. Damage or missing machinery guards (slicer/ mixer). Blocked fire exits. Chemical spills. Unsafe shelving.Dangerous work practices.Areas with poor lighting. Damaged equipment.


Activity 1

Case StudyMary needed some cleaning cloths, which were in a carton on the top shelf of the storeroom. She could not find the ladder so she used the lower shelves to climb up.

Suddenly, one of the shelves did not take her weight and broke. As she fell, she grabbed another shelf to stop herself from falling. Because the shelves were free standing and not anchored into the floor or fixed onto the wall, the movement started the shelves falling they landed on top of her. Paul raced to stop the shelves falling but was too late. He injured his arm in his effort to save Mary.Mary ended up in hospital and is now a paraplegic, while Paul was off work for six weeks with a broken arm.


Activity 1 (cont.)

What will Marys life be like after the injury?Give 3 ways this accident could be avoided


Unsafe working conditions and practices

Accidents dont usually just happen. They are often a combination of factors that are the cause of the accident. Unsafe working conditions and practices can lead to injury, illness or even death.HazardsObstructionsSpillsPoor maintenanceNo safety guards on machinery or equipmentPoor lightingIncorrect storageUnsafe shelvingIncorrect use of equipment


InjuriesPossible causesBurns and scaldsHot fat or boiling liquids, open flames, hot pipes, steam vents, electricity, chemicals, hot equipment and inattentive staff.FallsSlippery floors, incorrect shoes, obstructions in doorways, bad lighting, cluttered walkways, carrying large loads, cords over floors, loose floor coverings, unmarked steps and inattentive staff.Sprains and strainsIncorrect lifting, heavy loads, falls, using equipment incorrectly or any unnatural movement.Machine injuries, e.g. electrical shocks, parts of the body caught in machinesNot using safety guards, untrained or inattentive staff, not following safety directions or how to use instructions, faulty equipment or incorrect equipment for the job.Chemical injuries, e.g. burns, lung damage, eye damageMixing chemicals, incorrect storage, decanting incorrectly, not using protective gear, and chemical spills.Cuts and abrasionsNot using safety guards, blunt knives, inattentive staff, opening cans or bottles, broken glass, cleaning sharp equipment or sharp edges on benches and falls.All of the above Careless staff. It is important to pay attention to what you are doing and to ask for help if you do not know, or are not sure how to do a job or use a particular piece of equipment.Common hospitality injuries


Inert gases form beverage systems Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N) are two gases used by hospitality beverage systems to carbonate beers and soft drinks. These gases are usually stored in large gas cylinders.

If these gas cylinders are stored in a confined space such as a cellar or cool room then a leak from one of those cylinders can cause a build up of these gases and be a danger to anybody entering the confined space.


How dangerous is CO2In normal air carbon dioxide is around 0.03% concentration. At 2% concentration it will double the rate of breathing.At 3% concentration blood pressure rises and hearing is impaired.At 5% concentration a person may be rendered unconscious and death can occur within 3 minutes.


How to avoid this problem: Store these gas bottles in open air areas not confined spaces with low air flow.Have staff trained and aware of the danger. Install a gas monitor alarm. With every cylinder change install new O rings. Store gas cylinders upright with chains to hold them upright. Dont have too much in stock; a low stock lowers the risk. Have inspections of system and monitoring alarm.


Activity 2Study the cartoons. Some represent hazards, others, accidents.

Identify which is which, what might cause the problem, and if the problem is a hazard, how you would remove it from the workplace?


WORKPLACE HAZARD/ACCIDENTTYPE OF INJURYCAUSED BYSOLUTION






Accident prevention for the workplaceUse a dry oven cloth, not a dirty wet tea-towel when carrying or using hot pots, plates or dishes. Use goggles and masks (PPE) when handling cleaning chemicals, or any chemicals that may have strong fumes, which may burn your eyes or throat. Use gloves when handling chemicals. Some chemicals can cause bad burns.You should NEVER lift and pour chemicals from a large container into a smaller one. If you have to transfer chemicals from large containers into smaller containers, you should use pumps or taps.When lifting, always keep your back straight and knees bent and lift with your legs.Make sure you are trained how to use the equipment properly and safely at your workplace.


Knife safetyNever attempt to catch a falling knife.Never put knives in the water of a wash up sinkKeep knives sharpHand the handle to the other person when passing a knife. When walking with a knife always hold the knife blade down. Dont throw or play with knives.


MaintenanceDo not use faulty equipment. Electric shock is still one of the most common causes of injury in industry.All power points and cords should be repaired by qualified service people. Safety guards that are broken or missing should be replaced immediately.Never try to repair equipment yourself. Remember, you are not an electrician, plumber or a qualified tradesperson..


StorageCorrect storage for all products is essential whether they are chemicals, food, beverage or equipment.Heavy items always should be placed on low/bottom shelves. Lighter items can be placed higher.All shelves should be within comfortable reach, or safe ladders and steps should be available and USED.Shelving should be safe, secure and strong enough for the type of goods to be stored on them.Chemicals should always be stored in separate areas that are well ventilated and well away from any major source of heat, because some chemicals react to heat and may explode.


Always make sure chemicals are labelled clearly, and follow the instructions for storage.Be very careful when transferring chemicals into other containers and always make sure the new container is labelled.Chemicals should never be stored near food or beverages. Chemicals should never be mixed as this may cause an explosion and injury.


LightingBad lighting is dangerous, causing people to fall and cut themselves or trip over obstacles they cannot see.

It also causes eye strain as you try to concentrate on what you are doing and this makes your job harder.

If there is poor lighting in the work area, it is important to look at how it can be improved.


Spills and obstructionsSpills are also a major cause of accidents in the workplace.If you spill it, clean it up as soon as possible.If you did not spill it, still clean it up. Major spills from large drums of liquid, overflows, etc... may need more than one person to clean up.Check what type of spill it is by reading the instructions on the container.Use safety equipmentAsk someone else to help for two reasons. Place a slippery floor sign at the place of the spill.Let other staff and customers know that the floor is wet and slippery.


Reporting machine faultsDo not expect your Manager or Supervisor to know that the equipment does not work.

If you use the equipment, you must inform them when something is not working or in need of repair.

Large premises usually have a system where all repairs are reported to the supervisor who fills in a maintenance request and sends it on to the Maintenance department.


Activity 3

Look around your workplace and identify ten possible hazards. Explain how these hazards can be managed to ensure less risk of causing a workplace injury:

HAZARDHOW TO REMOVE/AVOID THE HAZARDHOW TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IN THE FUTURE, e.g. Train staff, repair machinery1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.25SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

How to lift and carry

It is important that your work area is laid out correctly.

This will depend on:Where and how equipment is laid out.The height of the equipment or work benches.The size and weight of mobile equipment.How far you have to carry equipment or goods.


There are many safe ways of moving large, bulky or heavy equipment:Cartons or objects that are large and heavy should always be lifted by two people onto a trolley for moving over a long distance.If the carton or object is being lifted from the floor to a table, then two people should lift it together. Large bulky equipment should be treated with care.


How to lift properly

Bend the knees and keep your back straight!!


How to sit and stand

Some hospitality workers may work in an office environment. Working all day at a computer or sitting in an uncomfortable chair, can also lead to workplace injuries.

Office workstations

An office workstation may consist of:The computer system - including monitor and keyboard.The desk.The chair.



Standing at a workstation

Basically the same principles apply. The desk should be at the right height to enable you to stand erect without having to slouch over or reach up to the keyboard.When keying in data, the keyboard should be at a level to allow your upper arms to hang freely by your side, with the forearms horizontal to the desk and the elbows at a 90 degree angle. The top of the monitor should be at eye level, though here too, this is not always possible when stationed behind a desk.


The office working environmentLightingTemperatureAir conditioningAppropriate posturePreventing RSIExercise


Activity 4

CASE STUDY

The Four Star Hotel received complaints from guests involving personal articles being taken from their rooms. Hotel management did a security check and found that keys were being left out, after staff were finished with them, and had not been locked in the security cupboard as per procedure.

Staff had also noticed a stranger wandering around the hotel in the staff areas, but none of them had reported this. This person had taken the keys and gone through the rooms. The person then had returned the keys to the office while it was unattended and left.


Activity 4 (cont.)

The Accounts department had also decided they were too busy to bank today, so they placed the days takings in a locked cupboard until the next day, because the Supervisor who had the key to the safe had gone home.

The Duty Manager was also busy and decided he would ring the next day to have the fire extinguishers checked. He knew one was empty as they had had a small fire in the laundry two weeks ago and it was used then.List the security problems here34SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Possible security solutions

RobberyNever keep large amounts of cash on the property.Clear the cash registers and bank regularly. If your workplace operates outside banking hours then there are ways to keep the cash secure, such as floor safes and time-switched safes.Do not walk to the bank at a regular time, or routine direction.Do not carry large amounts of cash in a shopping bag or money bag.If large amounts of cash are banked daily, such in a large hotel or very busy restaurant, have the cash collected by a security service.


Key control

If keys are lost or stolen, it can cost thousands of dollars to replace the locks and master keys to storerooms, guest rooms or other areas.

Do not leave keys lying around.Do not let others use them.Do not lend or give them to other staff members.If you lose them, report it straight away.If there is a theft from those areas, you will be held responsible.


SecurityMost workplaces have procedures which cover security and they can be any or all of the following:Security cards with ID and position of employees.Specified areas of staff access according to their jobs.Specific rules as to how certain jobs are performed.Sign in/out books or time clocksSpecific evacuation procedures.Specific behaviour standards of staff and behaviour expectations of clientele.OH&S proceduresLock up procedures.Cash-handling procedures.Any other procedures to ensure security of staff, guests and their property.


UndesirablesThe method of removing drunks or drug-affected and other suspicious or unusual characters is usually set by the manager.Lost and found

Any property that you find must be handed in to your supervisor, manager or security as soon as possible.


Activity 5For the security problems identified in the previous activity give a solution to eachSECURITY PROBLEMPOSSIBLE SOLUTION1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.39SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Emergency situationsBomb threatsFire


Classes of fire

AOrdinary combustibles Such as wood and paper.BFlammable and combustible liquids Such as petrol, methylated sprits, kerosene. CFlammable gasses Such as LPG, natural gas. DFlammable metals Such as Sodium, magnesium potassium. Special advice should be sought. EElectrical fires Such as electrical fuse boxes, wiring, and electrical appliances.FCooking fats and oils Such as deep fryers, woks with oil, oil in pans and pots. 41SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

EquipmentFire extinguishers and fire blankets must be available and in full working order.Exit doors should be clearly marked and free of obstruction.Smoke or fire alarms must be installed.In large and well organised establishments, regular training is conducted in emergency evacuation procedures. Never use the lift in the event of a fire. Lifts all have signs that clearly state in the event of fire do not use lift.Follow the normal emergency procedures for your establishment.


Fire blankets

If the fire is small and contained, and it is SAFE to do so, try to extinguish the flames by using the fire extinguisher or fire blanket.You can use the fire blanket to wrap around a person on fire to put out the flames, or to wrap it around yourself as protection when you evacuate the area.


Fire extinguishers

Water type Water type extinguishers will have a solid red appearance.They are used for the following fires:

SuitableClass ANot considered effectiveClass B and CDangerous if usedClass E and F


Vaporising liquid typeVaporising liquid type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a yellow band.They are used for the following fires:

SuitableClass A and ELimited effectivenessClass B and CNot considered effectiveClass F


Dry chemical powder typeDry chemical powder type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a white band. There are two types of dry chemical extinguishers ABE and BE and each type has different uses. ABE extinguishers are used for the following fires:

BE extinguishers are used for the following fires:SuitableClass A, B, C and ENot considered effectiveClass FSuitableClass B, C and ELimited effectivenessClass FNot considered effectiveClass A


Carbon dioxide typeCarbon dioxide type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a black band.They are used for the following fires:

SuitableClass ELimited effectivenessClass A, B, C and F


Foam typeFoam type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with a blue band (some older extinguishers of this type may have an appearance of solid blue).They are used for the following fires:

SuitableClass BMay be usedClass ALimited effectivenessClass FNot considered effectiveClass CDangerous if used Class E


Wet chemical type

Wet chemical type extinguishers will have an appearance of red with an oatmeal band (some older extinguishers of this type may have an appearance of solid oatmeal).They are used for the following fires:

SuitableClass FMay be usedClass ANot considered effectiveClass B and CDangerous if usedClass E


Operation Quick consideration needs to be given before making the decision to fight a fire.

In Australia the way to use a portable fire extinguisher is called the PASS system; this can be described by the following


Fire proceduresCall Reception or Switchboard and report the fire.

Tell them the:Location.Size of the fire.Type of fire, i.e. electrical, oil, chemical, general.If there are any injuries.

If you do not have a main switch or reception Dial 000.


Someone will ask what service you need tell them you have a FIRE.

They will then put you through to the Fire Service.Give the following information:Your name.Address, location of the fire.Type of fire.Size of the fire and if it has spread or is contained in one area.If anyone is injured and how many.


What next?Listen for any instructions.Get out of the area and close all doors and windows behind you.If others are in the area, warn them of the fire.Help them if it does not place you or others in greater danger.Notify your supervisor or manager.


Evacuation proceduresAlways follow your Supervisors instructions or your establishments fire evacuation procedures, to ensure you go to the correct assembly area.Managers and supervisors will need to check all staff and, if possible, whether all guests have been evacuated and accounted for.Do not leave the area until told to.Do not go back into the building until the fire brigade or police say it is safe.


Emergency proceduresMedical

Make sure there is no danger to you or the victim, then tell your supervisor/manager of the emergency. The situation may be: A person has a heart attack. A person slips and falls. A person collapses.A person is severely cut by machinery. A person has been affected by chemicals. A person is injured in a fight.


Call an ambulance

Check that you know the address where you are so you can tell the ambulance.Keep the victim calm and get help.Dial 000. Someone will ask what service you need tell them an ambulance. They will then put you through to the ambulance service who will ask you some questions.


If the person is conscious, ask questions and get information such as:How did this happen?Are they in pain and where is the pain?Has it happened before?Are they on medication?Who is their next of kin or is there someone they should notify?If the patient is NOT conscious:Do not disturb or move the patient unless the injured person is in further danger. Call for help.Check if the person has a medical bracelet or lock with information, e.g. diabetes, heart condition, epilepsy, etc...


Chemical spills and toxic fumesIf there is a large spill of chemicals or you are experiencing strong fumes:Tell your supervisor/manager of the emergency.You may then be required to dial 000. Someone will ask what service you need tell them what the problem is either toxic fumes or a chemical spill. They will usually put you through to the fire service who will ask you some questions.


Give them all the information you can such as:Address of the spill location.Type of chemical (if known).Is there a risk of fire?Is anyone hurt and how many?Evacuate the area.Ask everyone to move to a safe area in an orderly fashion. Keep people together so that you can account for everyone.Most chemicals have toxic fumes. Depending on the amount of chemical spilled, you may need to evacuate the whole building or just the area.If possible open the windows and doors to allow the fumes to escape.If there is a danger of fire, evacuate and leave it to the professionals to deal with.


Evacuation proceduresDIAL 000 or notify the main switchboard.Check that no one else is in the area.If there is no danger to yourself, assist injured people.Leave via the nearest emergency exit.Do not use the lifts.Go directly to the designated Assembly Area or Meeting Point.Remain there until your manager or supervisor has checked that everyone is present.Do not leave this area until you are told to leave by your Supervisor or the police.Do not go back into the building until the police or fire brigade tell you it is safe to do so.


Participate in WHS practices

WorkHealth and Safety is the responsibility of everybody not just the boss.

You must play your part in the process and be part of the team that makes a safe workplace for everybody.

Most large workplaces will have some formal consultation processes such as Health and Safety Representatives and an Work Health and Safety Committee.


Your Responsibilities

It is your responsibility to ensure that your immediate work area is free from hazards and is a safe environment for you and others to work in.

You will need to inform and consult your supervisor and manger of any areas or issues you see in your immediate work area and help them fix the problem to make the workplace safe for everybody.


Activity 6

In AustraliaWhat telephone number do you dial to call the fire brigade? What telephone number do you dial to call the police?What telephone number do you dial to call the ambulance? Give three questions to ask a person in a medical emergency if they are capable: Name two situations which you would say are a medical emergencyGive four things you should do in an evacuationGive three things you should do for a chemical spill63SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Work health and safety lawWorkplace safety is called Work Health and Safety or WH & S. The laws for Work Health and Safety in Australia are very strict and are made up of three parts. Work health and safety legislation is covered by both State and Federal legislation.ACTS OF PARLIAMENT are laws made by elected parliaments and these are the most important. Each state in Australia has its own laws, they are very similar but not exactly the same.


REGULATIONS are the rules that deal with certain issues in greater detail than are contained in the Act of parliament;CODES OF PRACTICE are standards set by the industry for the industry. 65SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Employer responsibilities and Duty of careThe following points outline employer responsibilities:An employer MUST provide a safe workplace for workers and visitors. Employers MUST train workers how to use equipment and work in a safe manner. Employers MUST know and abide by the laws, including Acts, regulations and codes of practice. An employer may be required to set up an Work Health and Safety Committee this is particularly for larger workplaces. An employer MUST consult and discuss safety issues with the workers.


Employers MUST also maintain an injury register. This is compulsory in order to forward claims to the insurance agency with which the employer has its workers compensation policy.An employer MUST provide safety equipment such as masks, goggles and gloves when using chemicals; ear protectors if using very noisy equipment; protective clothing must be provided in some workplace.


Employee responsibilities and Duty of careAn employee has a responsibility to the employer under current legislation to work safely by following all safety directions of supervisors or managers.Work in a manner that is safe to fellow workers. An employee cannot refuse to follow safe work practices that have been set up in the workplace, e.g. Refusal to wear goggles and a mask when using corrosive chemicals, like oven cleaners, is to behave in a wilful and dangerous manner, which will endanger your health.Report any injury or illness as soon as possible to the supervisor or manager.Use all safety equipment provided correctly for the jobs it is supplied for.


Report all faulty equipment.Refrain from damaging or removing safety guards, etc...On equipment employees use, or interfering with the safe operation of any machinery or equipment used at work.Refrain from interfering with or getting in the way of someone who is trying to assist any person who may be hurt or in danger.


Activity 7

CASE STUDY

John is a new employee. His Supervisor has trained him how to safely and correctly move and stack all the heavy cartons to the storeroom, when they are delivered. A trolley is provided for this.John decided that the cartons were not that heavy, so he stacked one on top of the other and picked them up. He could not be bothered to go into the storeroom to collect the trolley.As he started to stand up he felt a pain in his back. He continued to lift the cartons and carry them to the store.70SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

Activity 7 (cont.)The cartons were too high for him to see over them and next thing he knew he was falling. RESULT: One broken leg and an injured back, three days after starting a new job.What are the employers duties of care? What are Johns duties of care? What duties of care where broken and by who? 71SITXOHS001BFollow HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY PROCEDURES

These PowerPoints are designed to match Version 2.3 of the student resource.

72

sitxohs001b follow health, safety and security procedures

Documents

workplace safety

security procedures

security procedures

4sitxohs001bfollow health

7sitxohs001bfollow health

2sitxohs001bfollow health

3sitxohs001bfollow health

5sitxohs001bfollow health