In September – November 2017, Belun’s Early Warning, Early Response system (EWER) monitored only Dili Municipal and special region of Oecusse in 10 Administrative Post with 10 volunteer monitors. From December 2017 onwards, EWER covered 9 municipals iha 31 administrative posts with 31 volunteer monitors. EWER system IS NOT LIKE USUAL caused limited of funds in August 2017 and before then where EWER covered 12 municipals including special region of Oecusse in 43 administrative posts with 86 volunteer monitors.

ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION

67 violent incidents from total of 184 occurred due to intoxicated in December 2017 - January 2018;

Group assaulting a person and groups assaulting each other was a serious characteristic in December 2017 – January 2018;

22 violent incidents related to dispute over land for farming and land for housing;

Despite PNTL and F-FDTL’s hard work during uncertain political situation, 14 violent incidents were nonetheless recorded involving personnel of both institutions;

31 violent incidents against women were recorded in December 2017 -January 2018.

67 VIOLENT INCIDENTS OUT OF 184 OCCURRED DUE INTOXICATED IN DECEMBER 2017- JANUARY 2018 Belun and its EWER system during December 2017 to January 2018 collected a total of 184 violent incidents, and 67 out of these violent incidents was occurred due to intoxicated. The highest number were registered in Dom Aleixo Administrative Post with 15 incidents, Baucau with 9, Nain Feto with 8 and Bazartete, Cristo Rei, Vera Cruz and Vikeké administrative posts registered 6 for each. The highest numbers were registered on December 24 and 25 (Christmas time) with 12 incidents and December 31 and January 1

st with 22 (new year celebration).

An example: a violent incident taking place iha Hataz village, Atabae Administrative Post, Bobonaru Municipality, on 1 January 2018. Martial arts group (MAG) members invited Ritual art group (RAG) members for a drink which ended with them being drunk and led to them assaulting one another with sharp weapons like slingshot, catapult, home gun, rocks and machetes which resulted one serious injury on the head after one punched by machete and 5 houses was destroyed in this incidents. Police calm down and the case was solved on 11 January 2018.

GROUP ASSAULTING A PERSON AND GROUPS ASSAULTING EACH OTHER WAS A SERIOUS

CHARACTERISTIC IN DECEMBER 2017-JANUARY 2018 Based on EWER monitoring system, in December 2017 to January 2018, out of 184 violent incidents, there are 88 violent incidents was perpetrated small group of people (2 to 5 person) and 87 violent incidents were perpetrated by 1 person. The figure becomes a little more interesting and serious because usually the comparison is 1 by 3 meaning: every 3 incidents were perpetrated by 1 person always 1 incident perpetrated by 1 small group (2 to 5 persons). In December 2017 to January 2018 the number violent incidents perpetrated by 1 person and perpetrated by small groups is almost the same. An example: a violent incidents occurred on 11 January 2018, at 17:55pm, in sub-village Loidua, Buibau village, Baukau Administrative Post where a group of young people assaulted two young man out of vengeance. The incident occurred when a driver carrying passengers from Baucau to Venilale when they were suddenly assaulted by a group of young people who had waited there. The assault resulted in the car being smashed (front windshield lights were smashed). The case is l under investigating by Baukau Police Officer.

22 VIOLENT INCIDENTS RELATED TO LAND FOR FARMING

AND LAND FOR HOUSING DISPUTE The EWER system in December 2017 -January 2018 also recorded 22 violent incidents due to disputes over land for farming- and land for housing. The number represents an increase compare with the average number recorded in 2016-2017 where every month an average of 14.83 incidents. The increase is due to rainy season; many community members are concerned with land for farming. Most of the incidents however, took place in Dili with 12, Covalima with 3, in Ainaro with 2, and Bobonaru, Emera, Likisá, Oecusse and Vikeké recorded 1 violent incident for each. For example, an incident happened in January 25 2018 in Suku Odomou, Maliana, and Municipal Bobonaro where a sister beat down her brother’s wife because they were fighting over land for growing rice. The sister beat the sister in law badly with an umbrella and punched and kicked her until she collapsed to the muddy ground. The case is currently being processed at the Public Prosecutor’s office.

DESPITE PNTL AND F-FDTL’S HARD WORK DURING THE UNCERTAIN POLITICAL SITUATION,

14 INCIDENTS INVOLVED BOTH INSTITUTIONS’ PERSONEL The hard task, which the defense (Polísia Nasional Timor-Leste) and military (Falintil-Forsa Defeza Timor-Leste) carried out to ensure stability since the formation of the 7

th

government, has contributed greatly to the maintenance of peace and stability in Timor-Leste. Belun’s EWER system however, recorded 14 violent incidents involving of both

Total Violent Incidents during December 2017

and January 2018

Municipal Incidents

Ainaru 5

Baukau 32

Bobonaru 3

Covalima 11

Dili 87

Ermera 9

Likisá 17

Oecusse 11

Vikeké 9

Totál 184

SITUATION REVIEW – DECEMBER 2017-JANUARY 2018

This publication was made possible by the support of European Union, UNDP, UN Women, RDTL Government, Japanese Government, State Department of US Government, IOM through Award No. S-SJTIP-15-GR-1006). Opinions and contents of this publication is of

NGO Belun and does not necessarily reflect donors’ opinion or views. To get more information about the AtRes program or to see other publications, please visit: http://www.belun.tl. 2

institutions’ personnel. Personnel of police (PNTL) involving in 10 violent incidents and 4 involved personnel of military (F-FDTL). Dili recorded the highest number with 10 violent incidents followed by Likisá with 4. These incidents occurred because while on duties some of them used excessive force, some were intoxicated , some others were due to domestic issues in their families and some others involving incidents between personnel of the security and defense forces. An example of used excessive force were happened in January 26, 2018 at 15;15 at the National Hospital, sub-village of Toko Baru, Kuluhun village, Cristo Rei Administrative Post, Dili Municipality where a member of the Military Police beat a thief. A military police with uniform came out from the hospital to buy drink water and found the thief was stealing his motorbike. He then chased after the thief and managed to catch him minutes into the chasing where he beat the thief badly and led to the thief suffering serious injury and was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. PNTL and military police intervened soon after and the case is now under investigation.

31 VIOLENT INCIDENTS COMMITTED AGAINTS WOMEN IN DECEMBER 2017- JANUARY 2018

The EWER system also recorded 31 violent incidents against women inn December 2017 - January 2018. Types of violent incidents are: physical assault by hitting with hands, punches and kicks, occurred 18 times, rape and attempt to rape 4 times, verbal and physical threat occurred 3 times, property destroyed 3 times and quarrelling 4 times. Who perpetrated the violent incidents? Data collected depicts that husbands beating wives occurred 10 times, community members committed violent against women occurred 10 times, boyfriends or former boyfriend committed violent occurred 5 times and violent committed by other people against women were recorded 6 times. Out of the total violent incidents committed against women, 15 were processed through legal-formal mechanism, 9 were processed through traditional customary justice system and 7 were not processed or investigated further. In Baukau Municipality 10 violent incidents against women were recorded, in Dili 8, Vikeké 5, Emera 4, Bobonaru 2 and Oecusse, Covalima 1 in each municipality.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INCIDENTS

129 124 141 132 134

106 128

70 50 50 43

73

133 TOTAL INCIDENTS: December 2017-January 2018

76 71

12 11 10 5 5 4 3 3

PHYSICAL LOCATION (from 3 and over)

125 105 104

52

26 14

3 3

WEAPONS USED / FORM OF VIOLENCE (from 3 and over)

175

14 9 8

Male Female and male Female Unknown

PERPETRATORS BY GENDER

127

39 38

2

Male Female Female and male Unknown

VICTIMS BY GENDER

This publication was made possible by the support of European Union, UNDP, UN Women, RDTL Government, Japanese Government, State Department of US Government, IOM through Award No. S-SJTIP-15-GR-1006). Opinions and contents of this publication is of

NGO Belun and does not necessarily reflect donors’ opinion or views. To get more information about the AtRes program or to see other publications, please visit: http://www.belun.tl. 3

PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO CONFLICTS Conflict prevention activities conducted as part of the Community Policing Support Program On January 26, 2018, Belun through

collaboration with PNTL in Atauro Administrative Post, Dili Municipal carried out a community dialogue on community perception toward PNTL and PNTL’s perception toward communities. There was also appointment of community police council (CPC) from village of Biqueli and Vila Maumeta, whose members had attended three-days training on community police council (or KPK in Tetum), where the number of training participants were 64, 51 are male and 13 are female. This activity was realized through the generous support of New Zealand government via the Asia Foundation;

A CPC meeting was held in Suku Mahakidan, Alas Administrative Post, Manufahi, and the objective of the meeting was to disseminate information and update general security situation in the village, and to identify new issues and issues of priority that occured in the past two months. 11 people participated in the meeting (1 female and 10 male);

On January 15 2018, a community dialogue themed “Community’s perception of police and police’s perception of the community was held in village of Irabin Decima, Uatucarbau Administrative Post, Vikeké Muncipality. Participants to this event included commander of the Uatucarbau Ppolice Squordon, members of Village Council and community representatives from Irabin Decima village. Total Participants to this event is 53 (female 30; male 21), PNTL 2 (M 2). Similar activities were also held in Maudemo village, Tilomar Administrative Post, Muncipality of Covalima with 78 total participants (35 males and 43 females), 8 PNTL officers (male 7 and 1 female); In Tutuluru village, Same Administrative Post; Manufahi Municipality with 50 total participants comprising of 6 female and 44 males;

On December 14 2017, Belun through its community police support program, partnered with Manufahi Police Commander held a Municipal Security Council (MSC) meeting in the Manufahi Police Office. The main objective of the meeting was to review work progress and challenges in the last four months, received updates from police commanders about the number of referral and non-referral cases in the past 4 months. Participants to this meeting included Manufahi Police Commander, his deputy, representative of municipal administrator, veterans, four police commander from administrative posts, Manufahi Municipal Administrator, F-FDTL commander from Betano Post, representatives of line ministries in Manufahi, village chiefs and village

71

50

33 29 22 21 19 18

5 1 1 1

INCIDENT IMPACT

68

47 38 33

21 14 13 11 11 10 9 8 6 6 5 4 3 3

INCIDENT FACTORS (from 3 and over)

121

78 73

52

29 23 15 12 9 5 4 3 2 1

INCIDENT RESPONDER

This publication was made possible by the support of European Union, UNDP, UN Women, RDTL Government, Japanese Government, State Department of US Government, IOM through Award No. S-SJTIP-15-GR-1006). Opinions and contents of this publication is of

NGO Belun and does not necessarily reflect donors’ opinion or views. To get more information about the AtRes program or to see other publications, please visit: http://www.belun.tl. 4

police officer (VPO). This activity was realized with funding from New Zealand Government via The Asia Foundation, Timor-Leste.

Conflict prevention activities conducted by the Access to Justice Clinic Team Belun through the Access to Justice Clinic’s team, worked together with Suai Public

Defense and Tilomar Administrative Post, realized a public information campaign in Tilomar Administrative Post Office, Covalima Municipality. This public information campaign was held in 24 of January 2018 in Tilomar Administrative Post Office. Participants to this activity included 43 people, 25 female and 18 males who came from 4 villages (Biseuk, Cassabauk, Lalawa and Maudemo). This program received financial support from Partners from Justice system Program – United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Timor Leste;

In 23 of January 2018, Belun facilitated land dispute case between two people who argued over a parcel of land because both wanted to be lord of the land, which is located in Uai-Bobo Village, Ossu Administrative Post, and Vikeké Municipality. Through the mediation, both parties agreed to split the land in question into two so they each can acquire half of the land;

In 17 of January 2018, Belun facilitated a mediation of land dispute case in Fatuk Oan, Debos Village, Suai Administrative Post, and Covalima Municipality. The mediation proceeded smoothly. However, there was no solution out of the mediation as parties in dispute felt that options presented to solve the dispute is too heavy and is not balanced. Both parties as a result, wanted to consult with families to consider on options and alternatives presented before making decisions that would be benefit to both parties;

In 12-13 December 2017, Belun held training about Alternative Dispute Resolution and mediation (ARD) to Village Council member in Zumalai Administrative Post, Covalima Municipality. The objective of the training is to elevate and strengthen local authority and village council members’ knowledge to use Alternative Conflict/Dispute Resolutions methods to solve land dispute issues in the communities. Participants to the training included 22 suku council members, of whom 8 are females and 14 are males 8 from different villages including Village of Fatulto, Lepo, Lour, Mape, Raimea, Tashilin, Ucekai and Zulo from Zumalai Administrative Posts.

POLICY DEVELOPMENT Belun through its program Feto Pas no Seguransa (FPS) or Women Peace and Security

carried out a basic study with FGD method from January 22 – 26 2018 in 5 administrative posts (Tilomar, Fohorem, Maucatar, Fatululik and Fatumea) In Covalima Municipality. The activity drew participation from basic community groups, village chiefs, village delegates, young women and men and members of youth parliament. Total participants to the activity is 54 (F= 34, M= 20). This activity was implemented with the financial support from the Japanese government via UN Women in Timor Leste. Similar activity was implemented in Special Region of Oe-Kussi from January 26 – 31 2018 in 3 administrative posts (Pante Makasar, Nitibe and Oesilo). Participants to this activity came from the samte target gourps with total number of participants is 57 (F= 39, M= 18); In Baukau Municipal realized in 5 administrative posts ( Baukau, Laga, Quelicai, Baguia and Vemasse) total number of participants is 58 (41 female, and 17 males);

ABOUT THIS SITUATION REVIEW

This situation review reports on violent incidents and trends in Timor-Leste that were identified by Belun’s Early Warning, Early Response (EWER) monitoring system in 31 of Timor-Leste’s 65 Administrative Posts in December 2017 –January 2018. Belun strives to share up-to-date and verified information. Considering that situations change rapidly, we appreciate receiving information to clarify or update our EWER monitoring data.

For more information >> www.atres.belun.tl Luis da Costa Ximenes, Belun Director: luis.belun@gmail.com Marilia Oliveira da Costa, Program Manager: bylah.belun@gmail.com Laurensius Lein, Conflict Prevention and Policy Specialist: laurensius.belun@gmail.com