World Waste to Energy City Summit

City Resilience: Integrating Demand-side Solutions into

Today’s Cities

Singapore’s Integrated

Waste Management System

Ong Soo San

Director

Waste & Resource Management Department

National Environment Agency

Singapore

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1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story

2. Overview of Current System

3. Key Challenges & Opportunities

4. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and Resource Recovery

5. Next Generation WTE Facility

Outline

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From Past to Present

Transformation

of the

Singapore River

From 1st waste-to-energy plant

Ulu Pandan (1979)

Tuas (1986)

Senoko (1992)

Tuas South (2000)

Keppel Seghers (2009)

…and refuse collection

Chinatown

From illegal street

hawkers

to al fresco

TransformationOf living conditions

From Direct landfilling

Lim Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang

Lorong Halus

…to

Offshore landfill

4

2%Consumers

Producers

38%60%

Electricity–2,690 MWh/dRecycle

Collection Landfill

Reduce

Reuse

Waste Generated

20,588 t/d

Waste Recycled

12,250 t/d

Non-Incinerable Waste

468 t/d

Incinerable Waste

7,870 t/d

2014 figures

Ash

1,995 t/d

Commercial &

Retails

Residential

Factories &

Industries

Overview of our Waste Management System

Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015 (http://www.mewr.gov.sg/ssb/)

• Towards “A Zero Waste Nation”

• Achieve 70% overall recycling rate by 2030

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Singapore

Area : 718.3 sq km

Population : 5.47 million

Hot & Humid

Climate

Key Challenge : Scarcity of Land

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Key Challenges – Waste Growth and Land Scarcity

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1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Index

Year

GDP

Population

Waste Disposal

1,200 tonnes/day (1970)

8,338 tonnes/day (2014)

Current Population: 5.47 mil

At this rate of waste growth…

7-10 years

New waste-to-energy

30-35 years

New offshore landfill

2030-2035Semakau Landfill

Singapore’s waste generation increased about 7 folds

over the past 40 years

there will be less & less land available

But…

Land Area: 718 km2

Population Density : 7,615 per km2

Opportunities – Environmental Sustainability

Recycling

• Maximise resource recovery from waste

• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment

Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction

• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use

Landfill

• Minimise waste to landfill

Minimisation / Prevention

• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes

• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses

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To enhance the sustainability of our systemas solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed

Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore

2nd Plant : Tuas WtE Plant Government owned & operated

4th Plant : Tuas South WtE Plant Government owned and operated

1979 1986 1992 2000 2009What’s Next?

1st Plant : Ulu Pandan WtE Plant (Decomm in 2009)

3rd Plant : Senoko WTE Plant Privatised in 2009

5th Plant : Keppel Seghers TuasPPP DBOO approach – Design, Build, Own & Operate

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6th Waste to Energy Facility

ProjectPublic Private Partnership

(PPP) scheme

Design, Build, Own and

Operate (DBOO) Model

Expected operation end

2018.

WTE FacilityDomestic & industrial solid

waste

90% waste volume

reduction

> 2,400 tonnes/day

> 24% net efficiency

This is an artist impression of a possible design9

Benchmarks for WTE Facilities

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Conventional Plant

Medium Pressure

High Pressure

OperatingParameters

40 bar, 400°C 60 bar, 450°C 120 bar, 480°C

T/G system Air cool Air cool Water cool

Energy Efficiency 10-20% > 24% > 30 %

• Increase Energy Efficiency: > 600 kWh/t of net electricity recovery

• Increase Land Use Efficiency: > 450 tonne per day / hectare

Energy from Waste for Utility Steam

WTE Facility

Capacity: process up to

1,000 t/d industrial &

commercial solid waste

Produce 140 tonnes per

hour of steam to serve the

needs of petrochemical

manufacturers on Jurong

Island

Expected operation in

early 2016

Source: http://www.volund.dk/~/media/Downloads/Brochures_-_WTE/Sembcorp_-_Singapore.pdf?la=en11

Biomass to Energy

(Gardens by the Bay)Electricity

• Supplied to Grid• Internal

electricity consumption

Steam

• Utility purposes for industries

• Drying of Spent Grains

Trigeneration

Gardens by the Bay• Electricity

• Thermal Heat

• Chilled Water

Next Generation WTE - Integrated Waste Management Facility

WATER-ENERGY-WASTE NEXUS

Integrated Waste

Management Facility

(IWMF)

4. Co-locate Synergy

• IWMF co-locate with used water reclamation plant (WRP)- Synergy on sharing power and water needs

- co-digest food waste and used water sludge- optimizing land use

3. Minimise Environmental Impact & Land Footprint

• Technology • Design layout • Stringent Emission standards

• Handle multiple waste streams: - MSW, source-segregated recyclables,

source-segregated food waste and treated used water sludge

• Material Recovery prior to WtEprocess, e.g. MRF

• Recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from ash

1. Maximise Resource Recovery

2. Maximise Energy Recovery

• WtE Technology that maximiseenergy and electricity production

• Minimum internal electricity consumption

5. Incorporate Waste Management Education Centre

• Raise public awareness & help shape behaviour on sustainable waste management 13

Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) Metal Recovery

Capacity: process up to 1,800

t/d of IBA

Resource recovery: 90% of

the ferrous metals of size

above 4mm and a non-

ferrous metals above 2mm

Expected operation 3Q15

Resultant IBA could be further

treated for use as building

and fill materials for land

reclamation

Increase resource recovery

and extend lifespan of

Semakau Landfill

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Semakau Landfill

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A unique environmental solution created entirely out of sea space

Commenced operation on 1 April 1999

Area : 350 hectares

Safeguard • Nurture • Cherish