1

Simulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) transport in stormwater management

practices (SMPs)

October 2019

Ali Behbahani, Robert Ryan, Erica McKenzie

INTRODUCTION

2

• Rainfall surface runoff water resource quantity (flooding, erosion)

• Control stormwaterquality (hazards to water resources and media)

• Stormwater management practice (SMP); infiltration into soil, vegetative cover

- design parameters: hydrological data, loading ratio, soil type (Kd), vegetative cover

PTEs ; daily usage, non-degradable

https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=File:Sand_filter_credit_article.jpg

LOADING RATIO (LR)

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• 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐫𝐫𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 = 𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐝𝐝 𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐫𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐥𝐥𝐫𝐫𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐥

• Maximum LRs of 8, 8, and 5 are recommended in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Michigan, respectively.

• LR effect on water quality is rarely studied as a designing parameter

Caplan et al., 2018

ADSORPTION COEFFICIENT

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• 𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂(PTEs partitioning between aqueous and solid phases)

• Highly case-dependent

• PTE adsorption coefficient in soil depends mostly on

- pH- organic matter content- metal type- PTE concentration - type of soil- Cationic exchange capacity http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/a/s/asm4/turfgrass/education/turge

on/lessons/lesson13/corefiles/links/pestdanger/ad1.html

OBJECTIVES

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• Assessing breakthrough and accumulation of PTEs in SMPs and how various LR and Kd impact the performance of SMP

• Estimating contamination indices in the porous media (soil) and porewater

• Determining which PTEs have higher priority in terms of imposing contamination

A cluster of metals (Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) and Cl- will be studied.

METHOD

6

Simulation schematic

inputRainfall record(KPNE weather

station)

Surface contamination

(I95 samples and lognormal

distribution)

Soil characteristics

output

PTE Conc in porewater

PTE Conc in soil

METHOD

7

Computational process

A) water transport

• To determine the water content at each time and depthinfiltration rate is assumed equal to saturated hydraulic conductivity

f infiltration rate (L/T), K is saturated hydraulic conductivity (L/T)

Insignificant impact owing to equilibrium adsorption model (independent of contact time)

METHOD

8

𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺 = 𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾

𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒖𝒖𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = [𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾× 𝑽𝑽] + [𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝑾𝑾 × 𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂]𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒖𝒖𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 = [𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄× 𝑽𝑽] + [𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝒄𝒄 × 𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂]

Mass balance: 𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 × 𝑽𝑽 + 𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝑾𝑾 × 𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 = 𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄 × 𝑽𝑽 + 𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂

𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄 =𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 × 𝑽𝑽 + 𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝑾𝑾 × 𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂

𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅𝑴𝑴𝒂𝒂 + 𝑽𝑽& 𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝒄𝒄 = 𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄

𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 :𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐿𝐿 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡: 𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣𝑐𝑐𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 (𝐿𝐿)

𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝑾𝑾:𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒆𝑲𝑲𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂

𝑪𝑪𝑺𝑺𝒄𝒄:𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒆𝑲𝑲𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒃𝒃𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎 𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂

𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾:𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒘𝒘𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒆𝑳𝑳 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂

𝑪𝑪𝑾𝑾𝒄𝒄:𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒘𝒘𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒆𝑳𝑳 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎 𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂

𝑲𝑲𝒅𝒅:𝒂𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝑳𝑳𝑲𝑲𝒆𝒆

𝑴𝑴𝑺𝑺: 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒖𝒖𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑲𝑲𝒆𝒆

𝑽𝑽: 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒘𝒘𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒖𝒖𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒗𝒗𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒄𝒄 𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄 𝒗𝒗𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅𝒖𝒖𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒆𝒆 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒂𝒂 (𝑳𝑳)

Computational process

B) adsorption

METHOD

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Computational process

C) contamination evaluation

• PTE concentration in aqueous and solid phases will be expressed as a ratio of published values• Geometric mean represents the simultaneous consideration of both phases• It is important to decide at what depth / depths, we are interested in evaluations

SCI(soil contamination index) =CsSx

PWCI(porewater contamination index) =CwLx

TCI(total contamination index) = 𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆 × 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑆𝑆

Porewater contamination index at groundwater table; soil contamination index at soil top layers

R E S U LT S - P T E T R A N S P O R T

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Complete breakthrough when CwC0

= 1

Assessment of PTE transport using a fixed precipitation and load

Normalized Cl- (representing mobile PTE) porewater concentrations at various depths below the surface for constant precipitation, C0 = 1600 mg/L, LR=8, and Kd = 1 and 10 L/kg

Chloride is highly mobile and readily reaches groundwater (after 1.1 years)

Complete breakthrough after 1.6 years

A higher adsorption coefficient (higher loam or amended soil) resulted in more delay in breakthrough __ complete breakthrough after 14.8 years

R E S U LT S - P T E T R A N S P O R T

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Normalized porewater concentrations of marginally mobile and significantly immobile PTEs at 5 cm below the surface for LR=8 and the case of constant C0 and precipitation

Metals reach layers lower than 60 cm in trace concentrations

Adsorption coefficient determinative in breakthrough

High accumulation of metals at media top layers

R E S U LT S – P T E P R I O R I T I Z AT I O N

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PTE Cl- Cr Fe Cu Zn As Cd Pb

PWCI* 4.19 0.41 1.50 17.80 2.21 0.24 0.41 5.28

SCI** 1.15 14.78 0.26 0.01 0.003 1.18 0.18 0.10

TCI*** 2.20 2.46 0.62 0.44 0.08 0.53 0.27 0.73

PTE contamination indices at the top layer (1 to 5 cm below surface) of the basin after 20 years; * porewater contamination index; ** soil contamination index; *** total contamination index

Concern-worthy PTEs : Cr, As, and Cl-

PTE Cl- Cr Fe Cu Zn As Cd PbPWCI* 6.10 4E-6 4.E-22 2.7E-45 4E-20 2E-26 1E-13 1E-68

SCI** 1.62 13.25 0.24 4.6E-3 1.2E-3 1.08 0.08 4.6E-2

TCI*** 3.14 7.5E-3 1E-11 4E-24 7E-12 2E-12 1E-7 2E-35

PTE contamination indices at the groundwater table (i.e., 500 cm below surface) after 20 years; * porewater contamination index; ** soil contamination index; *** total contamination index

Concern-worthy PTE : Cl-

Prioritization: Cl- > Cr > As > Pb > Fe > Cu > Cd > ZnOther PTEs based on TCI at top layers

R E S U LT S – C H L O R I D E I N T H E M E D I A

13

Chloride concentration in the media during 20 years for LR=8, Kd = 1 L/kg, and for the case of variable C0 and precipitation

Exceedance from screening standard

Attenuation of variations over depth

50 100 250 500

Depth below surface (cm)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Cl c

once

ntra

tion

in th

e so

il (m

g/kg

)

published screening standard

R E S U LT S – C H R O M I U M A N D A R S E N I C I N T H E M E D I A

14

Accumulation at top layers

Trace amount reaching layers lower than 60 cm

Underlying water protection

Chromium concentration in the media after 20 years for LR=8, Kd = 200 L/kg, and for the case of variable C0 and precipitation

Arsenic concentration in the media after 20 years for LR=8, Kd = 500 L/kg, and for the case of variable C0 and precipitation

RESULTS –

15

- Decrease in porewater concentration with increase in Kd for LR 8 and relative high Kds (breakthrough has occurred)- Drop in soil concentrations when there is not high load and Kd is relatively high

Effects of varying LR and Kd on the performance of infiltration basins

Chloride concentration at 100 cm below the surface after 20 years for the case of variable C0 and precipitation (a) in the porewater (b) in the soil

(a) (b)

RESULTS –

16

Effects of varying LR and Kd on the performance of infiltration basins

Chloride porewater contamination index at 500 cm below the surface after 20 years for the case of variable C0 and precipitation

Imaginary line dividing PWCI

Combination of LR=8 and Kd > 6.5 L/kg results in PWCI < 1

Combination of LR=8 and Kd < 6.5 L/kg results in PWCI > 1

SUMMARY

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A contaminant transport simulation model was developed by combining various fields,including hydrology, geology, statistics, chemistry, and computer modeling. Importance of factors such as total incoming load, precipitation, soil background concentration , loading ratio, and

particularly adsorption coefficient in PTE transport

Chloride is highly mobile in the soil and readily reaches groundwater.

Among the suite of select environmentally relevant metals (Cr, As, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd andZn), Cr and Zn showed the highest and lowest potential of contamination, respectively.

The breakthrough of high priority metals in the soil is a slow process and majority ofcontaminant loads is intercepted by the top 60 cm of the media within the 20 years ofsimulation.

IMPLICATIONS

18

operative agencies

• Timetable for maintenance or soil replacement in the basins

designers• Pick LR and soil type (Kd) as

designing factor and assess the impacts

academia• Impacts of the Kd on the

accumulation of contaminants at different layers

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

19

T H A N K S F O R Y O U R A T T E N T I O N

C O M M E N T S

20

APPENDIXA D SORPTION C O EFFICIENT

21

metal paper 1 paper 2 paper 3 paper 4 paper 5 paper 6 paper 7 paper 8 paper 9 paper 10Cr 22 532 140 16700Fe 25000 124000Co 5000 1300Cu 1310 1697 1700 450 483 616 900 797Zn 85 315 1980 10 2170 140 1100 467As 34 5740 4000Cd 16 188 616 73 691 274 630Pb 1215 1398 925 6000 19100 32000

paper 1

paper 2

paper 3

paper 4

paper 5

paper 6

paper 7

paper 8

paper 9

paper 10

field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 0.8 % , soil CEC= 2.3 meq/100gr, soil pH = 7field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration is high- Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : low , soil CEC: high, soil pH = 7

field samples - clayey silty soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 0.3 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.5field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 2.4 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5.7field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : 20 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5uniform soil sampl - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOM of soil : 50 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 7field samples - silty clay soil - heavy metal concentration between 25 to 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : ? mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.4

Kd values in L/kg

Conditions

field samples - calcareous soil - heavy metal concentration between 10 to 200 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 2.5 % , soil CEC= 24 cmol/gr, soil pH = 7.5 field samples - mineral soil - heavy metal concentration between 0.1 to10 meq/l - Freundlich isotherm OC of soil : 16 g/kg , soil CEC= 33.6 cmol/gr, soil pH = 8.3field samples - sandy loam soil - heavy metal concentration between 0 to50 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 1.1 % , soil CEC= 13.5 cmol/gr, soil pH = 6

Kd

Kd values in L/kg

metalpaper 1paper 2paper 3paper 4paper 5paper 6paper 7paper 8paper 9paper 10

Cr22532140167004348.58237.2183613968

Fe250001240007450070003.5713374682

Co5000130031502616.2950903902

Cu131016971700450483616900797994.125512.7080588126

Zn8531519801021701401100467783.375868.0131561709

As345740400032582924.4712342576

Cd1618861673691274630355.4285714286284.4690124559

Pb121513989256000191003200010106.333333333312777.076452251

Conditions

paper 1field samples - calcareous soil - heavy metal concentration between 10 to 200 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 2.5 % , soil CEC= 24 cmol/gr, soil pH = 7.5

paper 2field samples - mineral soil - heavy metal concentration between 0.1 to10 meq/l - Freundlich isotherm OC of soil : 16 g/kg , soil CEC= 33.6 cmol/gr, soil pH = 8.3

paper 3field samples - sandy loam soil - heavy metal concentration between 0 to50 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 1.1 % , soil CEC= 13.5 cmol/gr, soil pH = 6

paper 4field samples - clayey silty soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 0.3 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.5

paper 5field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 2.4 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5.7

paper 6field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : 20 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5

paper 7uniform soil sampl - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOM of soil : 50 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 7

paper 8field samples - silty clay soil - heavy metal concentration between 25 to 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : ? mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.4

paper 9field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 0.8 % , soil CEC= 2.3 meq/100gr, soil pH = 7

paper 10field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration is high- Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : low , soil CEC: high, soil pH = 7

Ln (Kd)

Kd values in L/kg

metalpaper 1paper 2paper 3paper 4paper 5paper 6paper 7paper 8paper 9paper 10

Cr3.09104245346.27664348934.94164242269.72316399846.00812309092.8000221791

Fe10.126631103911.728036844610.92733397421.1323648587

Co8.51719319147.17011954347.84365636740.9525249112

Cu7.17778241627.43661726527.438383536.10924758286.18001665376.42324696356.80239476336.68085467886.78106798170.5305428085

Zn4.44265125655.75257263887.59085212372.3025850937.68248244654.94164242267.00306545886.14632925775.73277258721.8164085236

As3.52636052468.65521448938.29404964016.8252082182.8625874817

Cd2.77258872225.23644196286.42324696354.29045944116.53813982385.61312810646.44571981945.33138926281.3910139953

Pb7.10249935587.24279792286.82979373758.69951474829.85744361410.37349118188.35092342671.5219881493

Conditions

paper 1field samples - calcareous soil - heavy metal concentration between 10 to 200 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 2.5 % , soil CEC= 24 cmol/gr, soil pH = 7.5

paper 2field samples - mineral soil - heavy metal concentration between 0.1 to10 meq/l - Freundlich isotherm OC of soil : 16 g/kg , soil CEC= 33.6 cmol/gr, soil pH = 8.3

paper 3field samples - sandy loam soil - heavy metal concentration between 0 to50 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 1.1 % , soil CEC= 13.5 cmol/gr, soil pH = 6

paper 4field samples - clayey silty soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 0.3 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.5

paper 5field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm TOC of soil : 2.4 % , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5.7

paper 6field samples - sandy soil - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : 20 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 5

paper 7uniform soil sampl - heavy metal concentration ? mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOM of soil : 50 mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 7

paper 8field samples - silty clay soil - heavy metal concentration between 25 to 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm DOC of soil : ? mg/l , soil CEC= ? cmol/gr, soil pH = 6.4

paper 9field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration 1000 mg/l - Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : 0.8 % , soil CEC= 2.3 meq/100gr, soil pH = 7

paper 10field samples - loamy sand soil - heavy metal concentration is high- Freundlich isotherm OM of soil : low , soil CEC: high, soil pH = 7

papers list

1Majid Baghenejad, Fatemeh Javaheri & Ali Akbar Moosavi (2016) Adsorptionisotherms of some heavy metals under conditions of their competitive adsorption onto highlycalcareous soils of southern Iran, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62:10, 1462-1473, DOI:10.1080/03650340.2016.1147647

2Modeling competitive metal sorption in a mineral soilMiquel Vidal a,⁎, Maria Josefa Santos b, Taufik Abrão c, Jordi Rodríguez a, Anna Rigol a

3Adsorption-desorption Study of Heavy Metals on Sandy-loam Soilof Sapele MetropolisChokor, Augustine A.

4Solid/liquid partition coefficients(Kd) for selected soils andsediments at Forsmark andLaxemar-SimpevarpSteve Sheppard, Jeff Long, Barb SanipelliECOMatters Inc, Canada

5de Groot, A.C., Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M., van den Hoop, M.A.G.T., Ritsema, R. & van Veen, R.P.M.1998. Heavy metals in Dutch field soils: an experimental and theoretical study on equilibriumpartitioning. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), TheNetherlands.

6Weng, L.P., Temminghoff, E.J.M., Lofts, S., Tipping, E. & van Riemsdijk, W.H. 2002.Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandysoil. Environmental Science & Technology, 36, 4804–4810.

7Partitioning of metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) insoils: concepts, methodologies, prediction andapplications – a review F. DEGRYSE, E. SMOLDERS & D. R. PARKER

8Adsorption Behavior of Heavy Metalson Various SoilsNoppadol Sangiumsak1, Pongsakorn Punrattanasin2

9http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/publications/sorption-desorption-yr3-part2.pdf

10Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents, Heike B. Bradl

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/publications/sorption-desorption-yr3-part2.pdf

Cr - Kds

11059.5569086995avestd

11809.7059753258697.70571757172446.5920904303

5394.5181347778

11872.1763726824

9557.3811937561

5151.9616150005

6642.5506419575

8853.2824912869

12235.6928856224

12296.4975584619

5646.7933703281

12343.4846829726

12232.8931606091

8346.6452056421

10940.5849722805

5517.2487537152

7822.6397812081

11891.6134819074

10874.0847607667

12252.0486319241

9749.9793271476

4642.6648944534

11342.9635091655

12042.0063294785

9939.3896798506

10590.1709164664

10469.8444110938

7579.3596069872

9747.8145122001

5758.6021280002

10164.3557999473

4610.714106663

6629.5750963028

4728.8238266599

5148.5956918326

11131.5019430068

10071.9550909247

6960.5176594209

12175.6865077183

4632.239886783

7962.5330951469

7491.4803285614

10654.2289429947

10898.7352263116

5887.8104494032

8382.7962735509

8018.890833904

9672.3213938417

10191.6930093918

10565.0189936273

6622.1788323491

9947.3593697999

9744.6853065878

5687.9683708593

5328.7098874491

8453.6335194497

12254.1205569475

7152.3315575166

9169.4782644718

6192.0878173874

10536.850814927

6449.7741688625

8516.1787158535

10106.9476156154

11687.0646296625

12250.3929412521

8856.0338108422

5490.3798057518

5578.2673237783

6469.6517189771

11273.6716173982

6443.0778334994

11055.9419203777

6354.4683437434

12003.0473791272

7231.392703222

5967.8980065373

6416.7325650709

9422.9945175514

8247.0835962381

7245.1961483995

11192.2168285518

9169.4481176772

8876.693399691

11903.6244882918

6703.0184141174

10585.7236301842

10557.1311346107

7482.3155160716

9025.7708447549

4973.3283467495

4792.8989080587

8720.7953496194

10766.6706140858

12042.1499575028

5418.5658056477

9034.0247035077

8214.9732070062

4446.5399454295

7125.4528363513

Fe - Kds

112138.619960389avestd

202878.50044856483116.413204659681372.0759209428

-83627.3473804039

134855.211539834

96814.7052091804

-17042.8509408893

44147.0099340692

98484.9362861678

325000.56545293

268370.482693184

-19996.9067161813

286955.481386802

125280.886411352

70085.9336863332

124534.555857749

60151.6439155331

65809.4522631816

178784.152761637

173137.446427268

173708.530216027

121507.197497139

-10028.3969342991

124709.267096104

188622.292366029

108724.309927703

146932.205934784

125384.555290779

53258.0515742666

95072.0522116914

19387.392082327

136690.86698589

-5799.0040651963

-324.7493715843

17832.2003951914

-131610.406379442

175191.757442132

97264.499127915

21652.3215524174

170425.791608654

-45312.2617268062

67342.6636314782

57597.8447980074

96845.611737381

96401.2190890405

13955.3170070441

72396.301942865

62957.8798163309

118441.751883155

151032.501256178

152153.092425107

14041.2180629207

79915.4126547463

-10492.5290778412

-3449.0285938116

74020.5225714862

181789.595123858

20620.6372985779

100497.843213213

58708.2862024132

152718.920175685

-1738.390072536

76779.1387653222

113178.864739707

151546.645904956

182600.347590987

80515.4862115729

-29916.6487207726

22536.2203795666

185.4873982935

239040.399962045

31405.669773694

126868.04649582

61030.017066898

136705.903309407

20957.8219035763

-23663.8358329741

-25071.3945444411

108675.317196634

62083.1055696904

60775.5556798236

173856.779384092

94911.947525831

88347.4801930329

185644.606511452

18184.5100340832

123266.196992114

132959.153938855

57439.0697839139

89597.6762794685

-7113.2388288097

-5860.794252579

81841.6046644229

125060.361670466

255493.621351467

27815.2713575751

87613.8407433071

68725.095608392

-60818.5077316365

43770.8015271817

-51133.9283101923

Co - Kds

4556.6958972488avestd

7947.98435930973472.02756415493041.1785944615

-2759.8099515058

5405.6998248081

3983.9839319057

-271.298468874

2015.5953209785

4046.4067095189

12512.1423434755

10395.664503352

-381.7025735866

11090.2553634898

5047.8715119917

2985.0298448733

5019.9783498926

2613.7483080536

2825.2017513104

7047.4885368339

6836.4500173057

6857.7935528411

4906.8346536079

-9.1421070601

5026.5079618299

7415.1765825864

4429.0903707983

5857.0622415054

5051.7460054646

2356.1089983773

3918.8544764561

1090.2358660848

5474.305129345

148.9261112508

353.5194684489

1032.1125404148

-4553.116196592

6913.2272976449

4000.7944116937

1174.8847452544

6735.1053422853

-1327.8320031013

2882.5035903169

2518.3032905476

3985.1390243736

3968.5304102468

887.2189188644

3071.3769413136

2718.6278315994

4792.2674943186

6010.3056019736

6052.1862820167

890.4293623663

3352.3942102914

-26.4884598963

236.7534773368

3132.0801365134

7159.8131503506

1136.3268489059

4121.6365643542

2559.8046359571

6073.3333797616

300.6864321605

3235.1799336377

4595.5737324282

6029.5211090455

7190.1140001266

3374.821201805

-752.4404060128

1207.9193478791

372.5889234812

9299.4896944116

1539.4038201234

5107.1896161477

2646.5763955228

5474.867092951

1148.9286977772

-518.7494193404

-571.3551489511

4427.2593293345

2685.9342486502

2637.0662224723

6863.3341783133

3912.8707659755

3667.5320879265

7303.8893334966

1045.2796683305

4972.5750387614

5334.8370659968

2512.3692748705

3714.256588118

99.8082463572

146.6167810158

3424.3832045791

5039.629678243

9914.4080694578

1405.2172126772

3640.1132398106

2934.1702399496

-1907.358368831

2001.5350067843

-1545.4094410259

APPENDIXA D SORPTION C O EFFICIENT

22

1Majid Baghenejad, Fatemeh Javaheri & Ali Akbar Moosavi (2016) Adsorptionisotherms of some heavy metals under conditions of their competitive adsorption onto highlycalcareous soils of southern Iran, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62:10, 1462-1473, DOI:10.1080/03650340.2016.1147647

2 Modeling competitive metal sorption in a mineral soilMiquel Vidal a,⁎, Maria Josefa Santos b, Taufik Abrão c, Jordi Rodríguez a, Anna Rigol a

3Adsorption-desorption Study of Heavy Metals on Sandy-loam Soilof Sapele MetropolisChokor, Augustine A.

4

Solid/liquid partition coefficients(Kd) for selected soils andsediments at Forsmark andLaxemar-SimpevarpSteve Sheppard, Jeff Long, Barb SanipelliECOMatters Inc, Canada

5de Groot, A.C., Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M., van den Hoop, M.A.G.T., Ritsema, R. & van Veen, R.P.M.1998. Heavy metals in Dutch field soils: an experimental and theoretical study on equilibriumpartitioning. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), TheNetherlands.

6Weng, L.P., Temminghoff, E.J.M., Lofts, S., Tipping, E. & van Riemsdijk, W.H. 2002.Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandysoil. Environmental Science & Technology, 36, 4804–4810.

7Partitioning of metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) insoils: concepts, methodologies, prediction andapplications – a review F. DEGRYSE, E. SMOLDERS & D. R. PARKER

8Adsorption Behavior of Heavy Metalson Various SoilsNoppadol Sangiumsak1, Pongsakorn Punrattanasin2

9 http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/publications/sorption-desorption-yr3-part2.pdf

10 Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents, Heike B. Bradl

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/publications/sorption-desorption-yr3-part2.pdf

APPENDIXP E NNSYLVANIA B A CKGROUND A ND S TA NDARD VA L UES

23

PTE porewater standard (ug/L)* soil screening (mg/kg)**

Cl-

CrFeCuZn

250,00074

3003

120

1,0004

150,0008,10066,000

As 10 12CdPb

12.5

1.2500

PTE Cl- Cr Fe Cu Zn As Cd Pb

Mean C0 (ug/L) 1.61x106 33.89 1,410 67.53 239.89 2.34 0.36 14.56

Std C0 (ug/L) 2.99x106 52.36 1,457 33.10 233.05 3.44 0.66 13.27

Soil background concentration

(mg/kg)100 53 36,000 37 81 13 0.10 23

Slide Number 1IntroductionLoading Ratio (LR)Adsorption coefficient ObjectivesmethodmethodmethodmethodResults-PTE transportResults-PTE transportResults – PTE prioritization Results – chloride in the mediaResults – chromium and arsenic in the mediaResults –�Results –�summaryimplicationsAcknowledgementsThanks for your attention���CommentsAppendix�Adsorption coefficient Appendix�Adsorption coefficient Appendix�Pennsylvania background and standard values