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Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) proton beam Arthur BONGRAND & Nicolas FISICHELLA 11/05/2017 OpenGate Meeting

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Page 1: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) proton beam

Arthur BONGRAND&

Nicolas FISICHELLA

11/05/2017

OpenGate Meeting

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2

1. Context

2. Geometry

3. Sources

4. Challenges

Page 3: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

Hadrontherapy requires a very precise positioning of Bragg Peak (incident beam range)

Need to monitor dose in real time and how it is deposited in tissues

AdvantagesMore precise ballistic + RBE HADRONS (12C) > PHOTONS

β+ isotopes

Prompt γ (up to ~ 10MeV)

11/05/2017 3

Context

Page 4: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2

C 𝟏𝟎𝑪, 11𝐶,𝟖𝑩

19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770 ms

N 13𝑁 9.96 min

O 𝟏𝟒𝑶, 15𝑂 70.61 s, 122.24 s

(Os…) P , Ca 30𝑃, 38𝐾 2.50 min, 7.64 min

11/05/2017

4

K. Parodi et al., IEEE MIC CR, 2002Carbon Beam 212 MeV – Proton Beam 110 MeV

• Produced β+ isotopes

Gold objective

Online activity profile along Beam direction

• Origin of β + formation-> Inelastic collisions: Proton Beam: target fragment only

• β + activity and dose deposition correlationProton Beam: no "trivial" correlation

Context

Page 5: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

𝜷+ + 𝒆− −> 𝟐 γ𝟓𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒆𝑽

11/05/2017 5

Context

Page 6: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

6

1. Context

2. Geometry

3. Sources

4. Challenges

Page 7: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 7

Final aim :Simulation of complete

treatments

240x LYSO + PMT R1450 Hamamatsu

Geometry

Nicolas Fisichella

Arthur Bongrand

LAPD Large Acceptance Pixelized

Detector

Page 8: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 8

Trapezium

Z shift

Geometry

Page 9: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 9

Problem when using repeater function->Doesn’t work for trapezium + Z shift

Not convenient solution -> Manual positioning of each trapezium

Geometry

Page 10: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

10

1. Context

2. Geometry

3. Sources

4. Challenges

Page 11: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 11

Sources

PBS

2 sources

LYSO

Mono energy

Proton Beam

A = 700 Bq / Crystal

Image de la ligne de

recherche

MEDICYC® 65MeVResearch Beam

Proteus®ONE 230 MeV

Page 12: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

12

1. Context

2. Geometry

3. Sources

4. Challenges

Page 13: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 13

Challenges

LYSO

#1 Analyze each event according to the global time

Beam data

Pulse Pile-up

Saturated Interval

Page 14: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 14

Proteus®ONE 230 MeV

Challenges

Blind Golfer PBS

Each layer is processed in several "passes“ : (3)*

Pass 1: Most of the dose is delivered in the voxels

Pass 2 and pass 3 : complete the dose

Note: pass 3 = minor correction

*Padro J. et al., « Heuristic optimization of the scanning path of particle therapy beams », Med. Phys. 36

2043–51 (2009)

Pass 3

Pass 2

Pass 1

Dose/bin- +

Page 15: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 15

Proteus®ONE 230 MeV

Challenges

Pass 3

Pass 2

Pass 1

Dose/bin- +

Blind Golfer PBS

In each slice, the succession of the delivered spots is done

according to time with a

complex spatial distribution

Input : “Log file“

For each spot:

X, Y position at isocenter energy (=range)

weight (monitor units, total charge, number of protons)

start time end time

Page 16: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 16

Proteus®ONE 230 MeV

Challenges

MEDICYC® 65MeVResearch Beam

Page 17: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND11/05/2017 17

Simulation of multi-systems (hybrid) (β+, prompt γ…)

Comparison Beam data / Gate -> Publications

Page 18: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND11/05/2017 18

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Arthur BONGRAND11/05/2017 20

Clinic Setup

- LAPPD detection system Patent in progress

LAPPD (MCP) Christophe INSA

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 21

Page 21: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

Vers des systèmes multimodales (hybrid) (β+,γ) ?

11/05/2017 22

C Lang et al 2014 JINST 9 P01008

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 23

Page 23: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

5 systèmes TEP

Ère des essais (en condition) cliniques

Modulation temporelle du faisceau

Vers des systèmes multimodales (hybrid) (β+,γ) ?

Construction de systèmes d’acquisitions “temps réel”

Controle temps réel du plan de traitement ?

11/05/2017 24

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Arthur BONGRAND

TEP “hors salle”

TEP “en salle”

TEP “en ligne”

BASTEI (1997-2008)

Prérequis indispensables

Rejet du bruit de fondHaute sensibilité

Champ de vue

TOF

Synchronisationfaisceau / acquisition

des données Modulation

temporelle du faisceau

11/05/2017 25

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Arthur BONGRAND

OpenPETDoPET-L INSIDE

TOF PETDPC

DPGA

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

Algo

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

TOF

Faisceau

Online27

11/05/2017

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Scintilateur

Zr-doped GSO (GSOZ) 2.8  ×  2.8  ×  7.5 mm3

4-layergrille 16 × 16

PMT H8500 (Hamamatsu)

Close Open

11/05/2017 28Hideaki Tashima et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 1795

Arthur BONGRAND

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29

Structure temporelle du faisceau :3.3s beam on (in-spill)

1.8s beam off (inter-spill) Intensité 5.106 carbon par spill

Reconstruction : 3D LM MLEM après irradiation3D OSEM en cours de développement

Hideaki Tashima et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 179511/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND

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OpenPET

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM GSOZ / PMTmulti-anodes

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

5.1% 7.3%

Algo 3D LM-MLEM

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

2.6±0.2

2.1±0.1

TOF Non

Faisceau11C (340 MeV)

2.5Gy

Online Non30

11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND

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11/05/2017 31G. Sportelli et al 2016 JINST 11 C02089

Aire de détection : 2 detecteurs opposés (15x15 cm2) placés à 30 cm l’un de l’autre.

9 blocs

Composition d’un bloc :23x23 LYSO pixel de 2x2x16 mm

PMT H8500 Hamamatsu

Arthur BONGRAND

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11/05/2017 32

RANDO

G. Sportelli et al 2016 JINST 11 C02089Arthur BONGRAND

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11/05/2017 33

Y

X

Z

X

Z

Y18-FDG

G. Sportelli et al 2016 JINST 11 C02089Arthur BONGRAND

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Arthur BONGRAND

OpenPETDoPET-L

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM GSOZ / PMTmulti-anodes

LYSO / PMTmulti-anodes

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

5.1% 7.3%?

FOV10x16x16 cm3

Algo 3D LM-MLEM 3D MLEM

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

2.6±0.2

2.1±0.1

?

TOF Non Non

Faisceau11C (340 MeV)

2.5Gy

P (98.3 MeV)

C (178-260 MeV)

2 Gy

Online Non Non34

11/05/2017

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Aire de détection : 2 modules opposés (5.12 * 5.12 cm2)

placés à 50 cm l’un de l’autre

Composition d’un module :Grille de 16 × 16 pixels (3.2 × 3.2 x 20 mm3)

Scintillateur et PMs associés

Cristaux de Lutetium Fine Silicate (LFS)couplés un par un à 16 × 16 SiPM

(Hamamatsu)

11/05/2017 35M A Piliero et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 N650

DOSE PROFILER (gamma prompt)Tracker + Calorimètre

PET System (β+ )

Arthur BONGRAND

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Test d’irradiation :

Fantôme de PMMA (4.9 × 4.9 x 7 cm3)Placement parrallèle à l’axe du faisceau

Type d’irradiation :

Proton 68 et 72 MeV

CNAO synchrotron Structure temporelle du faisceau :

1s beam on (in-spill) 4s beam off (inter-spill)

Intensité (1 − 2). 109 protons par spill

11/05/2017 36M A Piliero et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 N650

Arthur BONGRAND

Page 35: Simulation of a PET-like detector for the ballistic control of a … · 2017. 5. 11. · Arthur BONGRAND Target Produced β+ isotopes T1/2 C , 11𝐶, 𝟖 19.29 s, 20.33 min, 770

Arthur BONGRAND

OpenPETDoPET-L INSIDE

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM GSOZ / PMTmulti-anodes

LYSO / PMTmulti-anodes

LFS* / SiPM*Lu Fine Silicate

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

5.1% 7.3%?

FOV10x16x16 cm3

?FOV

5.12x5.12x5.12 cm3

Algo 3D LM-MLEM 3D MLEM 3D MLEM

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

2.6±0.2

2.1±0.1

? ?

TOF Non Non Oui (1.7 ns*)* en ligne direct

Faisceau11C (340 MeV)

2.5Gy

P (98.3 MeV)

C (178-260 MeV)

2 Gy

P (68 & 72 MeV)

2Gy

Online Non Non Non37

11/05/2017

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Aire de détection2 modules opposés (6.6 * 6.6 cm2)

placés à 30 cm l’un de l’autre

Composition d’un module Scintillateur et PMs associés :

256 polished LYSO (3.8mm × 3.8mm × 22mm)2 × 2 DPC3200-22–44 (Philips)

11/05/2017 38P Cambraia Lopes et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 6203

Digital Photo Counter (dSiPM)DPC3200-22–44

Sensibilité40% à 420 nm

Tunable dark count levels due to digital controlSpeed

Temps de montée 60 ps (intrinsèque)Robustness

Insensible aux champs magnétiques

Arthur BONGRAND

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11/05/2017 39P Cambraia Lopes et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 6203

Test d’irradiation :

Fantôme de PMMA (9 × 9 x 30 cm3)Fantôme de Polyethylene PE (9 × 9 x 30 cm3)

Type d’irradiation :

Proton 125.67 MeV

Hit synchrotron Structure temporelle du faisceau :

0.62s beam on (in-spill) 3.8s beam off (inter-spill)

Intensité 4.3.108 protons/s Focus faisceau 12.9mm

Arthur BONGRAND

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11/05/2017 40P Cambraia Lopes et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 6203

Arthur BONGRAND

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Arthur BONGRAND

OpenPETDoPET-L INSIDE

TOF PETDPC

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM

GSOZ / PMTmulti-anodes

LYSO / PMTmulti-anodes

LFS* / SiPM*Lu Fine Silicate

LYSO / DPCDigital Photon Counter

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

5.1% 7.3%?

FOV10x16x16 cm3

?FOV

5.12x5.12x5.12 cm3

?FOV

6.6x6.6 cm2

Algo 3D LM-MLEM 3D MLEM 3D MLEM 3D MLEM

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

2.6±0.2

2.1±0.1

? ?PE 1.4

PMMA 0.3

TOF Non Non Oui (1.7 ns*)* en ligne direct

Oui (382 ps)**FWHM

Faisceau11C (340 MeV)

2.5Gy

P (98.3 MeV)

C (178-260 MeV)

2Gy

P (68 & 72 MeV)

2GyP (125.67 MeV)

10Gy

Online Non Non Non Non41

11/05/2017

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240x LYSO + PMT R1450 HamamatsuSurface couverte 175°

Electronique frontale Echantillonnage jusqu’à 5 GHz

ADC 33 MHz

DAQ µTCA [en cours]Taux de transfert jusqu’à 3 GB/s

Reconstruction

1) Début de traitementUtilisation des LORs pour un contrôle rapide

2) Fin de traitementImagerie (3D MLEM)

11/05/2017 42

Test faisceauProton 65 MeV

Thèse Arnaud ROZESArthur BONGRAND

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Arthur BONGRAND

OpenPETDoPET-L INSIDE

TOF PETDPC

DPGA

Open Close

Scintillateur + PM

GSOZ / PMTmulti-anodes

LYSO / PMTmulti-anodes

LFS* / SiPM*Lu Fine Silicate

LYSO / DPCDigital Photon

Counter

LYSO / PMT

Sensibilité(efficacité x acceptance)

5.1% 7.3%?

FOV10x16x16 cm3

?FOV

5.12x5.12x5.12 cm3

?FOV

6.6x6.6 cm2

? Surface

couverte175°

Algo 3D LM-MLEM 3D MLEM 3D MLEM 3D MLEM LOR +

3D MLEM ?

ResolutionSpatiale (mm)

2.6±0.2

2.1±0.1

? ?PE 1.4

PMMA 0.3?

TOF Non Non Oui (1.7 ns*)* en ligne direct

Oui (382 ps)**FWHM

Non

Faisceau11C (340 MeV)

2.5Gy

P (98.3 MeV)

C (178-260 MeV)

2Gy

P (68 & 72 MeV)

2GyP (125.67 MeV)

10Gy

P (65 MeV)

2017

Online Non Non Non Non Oui (µTCA)4311/05/2017

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Arthur BONGRAND

5 systèmes TEP

Ère des essais (en condition) cliniques

Modulation temporelle du faisceau

11/05/2017 44

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Arthur BONGRAND

Vers des systèmes multimodales (hybrid) (β+,γ) ?

11/05/2017 45

C Lang et al 2014 JINST 9 P01008

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Arthur BONGRAND

5 systèmes TEP

Ère des essais (en condition) cliniques

Modulation temporelle du faisceau

Vers des systèmes multimodales (hybrid) (β+,γ) ?

Construction de systèmes d’acquisitions “temps réel”

Controle temps réel du plan de traitement ?

11/05/2017 46

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 47

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 48

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 49

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11/05/2017 Arthur BONGRAND 50

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Cartographie 3D des émetteurs β+Noyaux β+

Profile d’émission des γ prompts γ prompts

Arthur BONGRAND

Système multimodaleContrôle temps réel du traitement

DPGADétecteur Pixellisé de Grande Acceptance

Caméra collimatée

11/05/2017 51