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2012/10/22

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22.10.2012 Silver Taiga Foundation 1

Issues of sustainable management of soil in

northern forests - experience from Komi

Model Forest, Russia.

Przemyslaw Majewski

Silver Taiga Foundation

Komi Model Forest

Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi,

www.silvertaiga.ru


#Y

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30 E 60 E 90 E

60 N

Polar circle~ 66.5 N

KomiRepublic

Finland

Russia

Kazakhstan

Ukraine

Arkhangelsk

Syktyvkar

Kirov

Moscow

Komi Model Forest and region of its influence

Silver Taiga Foundation

State Forestry Agencyfor the Komi Republic

2012/10/22

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Climate

Sweden (Stockholm)

-12

+18

110

-7 +15 120-130

-7; +15; 150-170

-18

-18

+13

90-150

-10

+11

80-130

-11

+15

60-110

-14

+18

110-130

-2

+18

150-180

+9 72-110

-7

+17

120-130 January

July

vegetation period Silver Taiga Foundation


Roads with hard cover (km/1000 km2)

Sweden ca 250-400

North-West total – 40

13

1

13

17

37

78

180 159

127

2012/10/22

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Forests of the Komi Republic

Pine forest – frequent ground fire dynamics



Pine – spruce forest

Photo Przemyslaw Majewski – Silver Taiga Foundation

2012/10/22

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Spruce




Birch forest as succession after fire in spruce forest

2012/10/22

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Spruce forest landscape after large fire




Spruce forest with gap dynamic and long continuity

situated along river

2012/10/22

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Logging


Soil damage in 1990-ties 29% of logging area, productivity decrease 35%

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Large scale clear-cutting

Photo Przemyslaw Majewski


Soil damage along stream and on wet site


2012/10/22

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Road across wet sites



Soil damage by logging transport

Photo Youri Pautov

2012/10/22

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Erosion after logging

Photo Youri Pautov


Strengthening of logging track

Photo Youri Pautov

2012/10/22

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Why it is happening with soil?

• Staff of logging companies is not trained on how to avoid soil damage,

• Staff of logging companies is sometimes not aware of the damage,

• Fine for soil damage is treated as tax,

• Logging plan for winter and summer seasons is not based on map of soils sensitivity,

• Map of soil sensitivity can be established, but need cooperation of 4 agencies,

• Very low density of hard cover roads push for winter logging which is providing ca 70-80% of wood volume,

• Soil is frozen in winter ca 6 months, but last 4-5 years the winter season is shortened down to 4 months,

• Pine forest on sandy soils which could be alternative to winter logging has been logged many years ago as the most easy target,

• Logging is still dominated by pioneer approach,


Soil proposals

• Map with sensitive soils should be produced for all relevant forests and be available for interested parties,

• Consideration of soil sensitivity data should obligatory during planning process of logging, transport and road building,

• Relevant staff of logging companies should be trained on method of avoidance of soil damage,

• Gradual shift from pioneer logging toward forest management with investment in forest roads with hard cover,

• Fine should be progressive if damage is repeated (condition is that first three points are fulfilled),

• Logistic and long-term planning in logging companies should be considerably improved,

• Topographic map of high quality should be developed and accessible for planning departments of logging companies, state forest service and companies servicing with planning of logging and logistic,

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