ship machineries
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SHIPMACHINERIESBy Group 2
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SHIP MACHINERIES
MAIN(PROPULSION) AUXILLIARY(SUPPORT)
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SHIP
PROPU
LSION
ENGIN
ES
STEAM TURBINE GEARDRIVE
DIESEL ENGINE
GAS TURBINE GEARDRIVE
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SHIPPROPULSIONENGINES
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SHIP PROPULSION ENGINES
It is also known as MARINE PROPULSION. Itis the mechanism or system used to
generate power that is converted intothrust (because of the propellers) to movea ship or boat across water.
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STEAM ENGINETURBINE GEAR
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Definition:
A steam turbine is a device that extractsthermal energy from pressurized steam
and uses it to do mechanical work on arotating output shaft. Its modernmanifestation was invented by Sir CharlesParsons in 1884.
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What is a turbine?
A ROTARY MECHANICAL DEVICE thatextracts energy from a fluid flow and
converts it into useful work. A turbine is amachine with at least one moving partcalled a rotor assembly, which is a shaft ordrum with blades attached. Moving fluid
acts on the blades so that they move andimpart rotational energy to the rotor. Earlyturbine examples are windmills andwaterwheels.
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To put it simple
A turbine is a machine for producingcontinuous power in which a wheel or
rotor, typically fitted with vanes (blades), ismade to revolve by a fast-moving flow ofwater, steam, gas, air, or other types offluid.
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Operation and Maintenance
Problems normally encountered withsteam engines:
Uneven Expansion
Vibration (may lead to blade breaking)
because of rotor imbalance
Erosion of blades from condensed water
hitting the blades
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Question:CAN A ELECTRIC FAN BECONSIDERED AS A TURBINE?
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Answer:
NO, because turbines are
machines to extract andconvert fluid flow from eithergas, steam, or water, intopower while electric fans spinby the use of electric motors.
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GAS TURBINEGEAR DRIVE
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Definition:
A gas turbine, also called a combustionturbine, is a type of internal combustion
engine. It has an upstream rotatingcompressor coupled to a downstreamturbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.
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To put it simple
The basic operation of the gas turbine issimilar to that of the steam turbine except
that air is used instead of water (steam).Fresh atmospheric air flows through acompressor that brings it to higherpressure and greater temperature,
therefor once it escapes, it expandsrapidly to rotate the turbines.
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Other information
Gas turbines are used in many navalvessels, where they are valued for their
high power-to-weight ratio and their ships'resulting acceleration and ability to getunderway (starting) quickly.
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Question:What are the advantages of using a Gas Turbine
Engine?
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Answer:
Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to
reciprocating (other) engines;
Smaller than most engines of the same powerrating.
Moves in one direction only, with far less
vibration than a reciprocating (other) engines.
Fewer moving parts than other engines. Greater reliability, particularly in applications
where sustained high power output is required
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Answer:
Waste heat is dissipated almost entirely inthe exhaust. This results in a high
temperature exhaust stream that is veryusable for boiling water in a combinedcycle, or for cogeneration.
Low operating pressures.
High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.
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Answer:
Can run on a wide variety of fuels.
Very low toxic emissions of CO and HC
due to excess air, complete combustionand no "quench" of the flame on coldsurfaces
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BUT!!!Due to its great fuel consumption, gas
turbines are not suitable for long trips, andits much less fuel efficient than dieselengines
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DIESELENGINE
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Definition: It is an internal combustion engine that
uses the heat of compression to initiate
ignition and burn the fuel that has beeninjected into the combustion chamber.This contrasts with spark-ignition enginessuch as a petrol engine (gasoline engine)or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as
opposed to gasoline), which use a sparkplug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. Theengine was developed by Germaninventor Rudolf Diesel in 1893.
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NOTE:GAS ENGINES are different from GAS
TURBINES
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NOTE:The difference between DIESEL ENGINES
and GAS ENGINES is the way the fuel iscombusted. In DIESEL ENGINES, combustionoccurs due to compression of the fuel whileGAS ENGINES requires spark-ignition
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NOTE:Diesel Engines provide more compression,
therefor generating more power. DieselEngines are more widely used in MarinePropulsion than Gasoline Engines
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Fact
Most modern ships use diesel engines astheir prime mover, due to their operating
simplicity, robustness and fuel economycompared to most other types of engines.
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DIESEL ENGINES
2-Stroke 4-Stroke
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What is a 2-Stroke DieselEngine?
A two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycleengine is a type of internal combustion
engine which completes a power cycle inonly one crankshaft revolution and withtwo strokes, or up and down movements,of the piston in comparison to a "four-
stroke engine", which uses four strokes todo so.
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What is a 4-Stroke DieselEngine?
A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal combustion engine in
which the piston completes four separatestrokes which comprise a singlethermodynamic cycle. A stroke refers tothe full travel of the piston along the
cylinder, in either direction.
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AUXILIARY
MACHINERYandEQUIPMENT
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What are Auxiliary Machinesand Equpment?
Provides ships smooth operation andpersonnel safety and comfort aboard
ship. It also functions as a supporting
machinery to the main machineries of theship (propulsion)
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AUXILIARYMA
CHINERY
REFRIGERATION PLANT
AIR CONDITIONINGEQUIPMENT
DISTILLING PLANTS
STEERING GEARS
ELECTROMECHANICALSTEERING GEAR
ELECTRO-HYDRAULICSTEERING GEAR
ANCHOR WINDLASS
CAPSTAN
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AUXILIARYMA
CHINERY
LUBE OILPURIFIER
AIRCOMPRESSOR
LOW PRESSURE
MEDIUMPRESSURE
HIGH PRESSURECRANES
ELEVATOR
WINDLASS
LAUNDRYEQUIPMENT
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AU
XILIARYMACHINERY
GALLEYEQUIPMENT
RANGES OVENS
DEEP FAN FRYERSMIXING
MACHINE
MEAT SLICING
MACHINE
CUBE STEAK
MACHINE
COFFEE URNS TOASTERS
STEAM JACKETED
KETTLE REFRIGERATORS
DISHWASHINGMACHINE
COOKINGUTENSILS
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RefrigerationPlant
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Air-conditioningequipment
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DistillingPlants
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SteeringGears
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AnchorWindlass
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Capstan
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Lube OilPurifier
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AirCompressor
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Cranes
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Elevator
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Winches
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LaundryEquipment
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GalleyEquipment