RUSDI NOOR ROSA

M. ZAIM

SHIFT IN WORD FORMATION

PROCESS OF INDONESIAN

WORDS

RATIONALE

To keep using the vocabulary of our language: to borrow to adapt to create new words

The growth and the development

of a language

THEORETICAL

BACKGROUND

Pedoman Umum Ejaan bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan (PU-EYD), (Pusat Bahasa, 2004)

Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah (PUPI), (Moeliono, 1988; Alwi, 1998; Pusat Bahasa, 2007)

Pengindonesiaan Kata dan Ungkapan Asing, (Sugono, 2009)

• the writing system of Indonesian abbreviations and acronyms

• the use of roots, affixation, reduplication, and compounding

• Indonesianization of foreign words through adaption and adaptation

THE WORD FORMATION OF

INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

Borrowing Adoption

Adaptation

Translation

Coinage

Derivation Affixation

Reduplication

Abbreviation Acronym

Compounding

WORD FORMATION

SHIFT

Penjabat Pj

Word Formation?

Acronym?, or Clipping?, or Blending?

an indication of forming new words

beyond the system regulated

THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING

PROCESS (ACRONYM)

Borrowing Acronym taking out the initial letters of the words written in capital

letters

(1) Hape dengan radio FM, Facebook & Chatting termurah (NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2010)

The acronym “hape” is written by using the spelling sounds of the initial letters of the word “handphone”

(2) Sepeda motor jenis trail ini disempurnakan dengan teknologi Yamaha Mixture Jet Fuel Injection (YMJet-FI).

(Posmetro Padang, June 24th 2013)

The combination of initial words and a root

THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING

PROCESS (ACRONYM)

(3) Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia (ATVSI) menggelar Indonesia Broadcasting Expo (IBX) di Jakarta (Republika, April 20th 2013)

“X” is not the initial letter of the word representing “Expo”

The letter “X” is written because it is considered representing the sound “Ex”, whereas acronym is formed based on spelling, not a sound.

THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING

PROCESS (ADAPTATION)

(4) Pemda mempunyai peran yang stratejik dalam pembangunan perumahan rakyat (Republika, April 9th 2013)

“-ic” “-ik”: uncommon suffix adaptation in Indonesian language

(5) Adapun asset pada 2011, yakni Rp. 5,3 triliun (Republika, April 9th 2013)

gemination: uncommon Indonesian spelling system

Other Examples:

karier (NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2013)

fondasi (BOLA, April 04th – 05th 2013)

THE SHIFT IN THE

TRANSLATION PROCESS

Translation direct translation and adapted translation

(6) Bedanya terdapat fitur infra merah yang bisa digunakan sebagai remote kontrol pada perangkat yang kompatibel. (PULSA, April 24th – Mei 7th 2013).

The failure in representing the meaning of the word in its language source

“kontrol” in Indonesian language: watching, looking after, keeping an eye on something, or caring for

THE SHIFT IN DERIVATION

PROCESS

Derivation Word formation involving derivational affixes

(7) Untuk menggaet pembeli, ia berencana untuk memanfaatkan blog dan media sosial. “Saya akan membuat blog dan sesering mungkin meng-upload foto produk di facebook dan instagram,” ujar Intan menjelaskan strategi pemasarannya (Tempo, February 11th 2013).

uncommon Indonesian writing system: “-” between the prefix and the root/base

THE SHIFT IN ACRONYM

PROCESS

(8) “GAZA” standing for “Gabungan Anak Jalanan” (a group of street children)

the absence the letter “Z” in the words constituting GAZA

(9) “PLTP” standing for “Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi” (electricity generated through native heat energy)

The absence of the letter “B” that should have represented the word “Bumi”

THE SHIFT IN BLENDING

PROCESS

Blending combining the first syllable of the first word and the last

syllable of the next word(s)

(10) “Pengprov” for “pengurus provinsi” (a province administrator)

a combination of the first syllable of the first and the first syllable of the next word(s)

(11) “Disdik” for “Dinas Pendidikan” (Ministry of Education)

a combination of the first syllable of the first word with the syllable in the middle of the next word(s)

THE SHIFT IN BLENDING

PROCESS

(10) “Diknas” for “Pendidikan Nasional” (National Education)

a combination of the syllable in in the middle of the word and the first syllable of the next word(s)

(11) “Timnas” for “Tim Nasional” (National Team)

a combination of the root or free morpheme with the syllable of the next word(s)

THE SHIFT IN CLIPPING

PROCESS

Clipping clipping an initial part or a final part of the word as in

“prof” for “professor”

(12) “lidik” for “menyelidiki” (investigate)

clipping the initial and the final part of the word

(13) “pj” for ““penjabat” (takeholder)

clipping all of parts of the word syllables, permanently keeping the first letter of the word only , and randomly keeping the other letter

CONCLUSION

TBBBI, PU-EYD, and PUPI

Shift in Word Formation

in line with in contrast to

Standard Word

Formation

THANK YOU

THANK YOU

THANK YOU