shi ʿ i & sunni succession to muhammad fatimah & ali hussein & hasan shi ʿ a /...
TRANSCRIPT
Shiʿi & Sunni
• Succession to Muhammad
• Fatimah & Ali
• Hussein & Hasan
• Shiʿa / “Party” of Ali
• Imam
Shiʿi & Sunni
Early Shiʿi Groups• Kaysaniyah
• al-Mukhtar (622-87): leads revolt
• Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 700)
– Imam not descended from Fatima
– Imam goes into “hiding”
• Zaydis (740)
• Zayd = Hussein’s grandson
• Yemen
1. Sevener or Ismaʿili Shiʿism
• Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (d. 765): 6th Imam
• Ismaʿil ibn Jaʿfar (721-55)
• Musa al-Kazim (746-799)
• Agha Khan
The Druze
• Offshoot from Seveners / Isma’ilis
• 16th Imam: al-Hakim (996-1021)
• Ruler of Fatimid Empire (Egypt)
• About 1 Million
• Israel, Syria, Lebanon
2. Twelver or Imami Shiʿism
• 12 Imams through Musa al-Kazim (as 7th)
• 874: 12th Imam disappears
• “Occultation” or Hiding
• 941: Greater Occultation
Offshoots from 12er Shiʿism
• Groups identifying Ali, Fatima, Hasan, & Husein as divine or semi-divine
• Nusayris / Alawis
–Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, C. Asia
–Ali = incarnation of God
–Many restrictions not observed
Islamic Law
• Faqih
• Shari’ah
• Fiqh
• Ijtihad
• 5 schools – 1 Shiʿi, 4 Sunni
Legal “Categories”
• Things that must be done: prayer, ramadan, etc.
• Things that must not be done: drinking alcohol; murder
• Things that should be done: showing hospitality to strangers
• Things that should not be done: being cruel to animals