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nm{hOo, hrM `mMr y^{_H$m hmoVr.

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dmT>rer qhXam>mMr H$nZm H$moUmhr H$mao {dgJV Zmhr.''

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AZoH$ ^mfUmVhr mS>bobr Amho. mMr nwZamdmr H$amMr JaO dmQy> Zo.

1939m {~hma mVr qhX gobZmm Ajr ^mfUmVrb nwT>rb {dMma mm gd ^mfUmMo gma hUyZ

mS>Vm oVrb : ""^mJmo{bH$ am>rVom gmmV ^maVdfmbm AmoVUo ho qhXwhmgôMo o Amho. BVHo$M Zho, Va

qhXwhmgôm >rZo Iar am>rVm VrM hmo H$s, {Om N>moImbr oH$ $s gmZ Agob; {Om bmoH$gôV

Vwhr H$moUm YmMo AmhmV- wgbmZ AmhmV, {MZ AmhmV H$s hXr AmhmV ho H$moUmbmhr {dMmabo OmUma

Zmhr. Amhr gdmZm qhXWmZr g~moYy. gmdO{ZH$ jomV, gaH$mar ZmoH$mVyZ Vmo qhXwWmZMm Zw Amho H$m Zmhr

d mMr JwUdmm Amho H$s Zmhr EdT>oM nmh. mhZ Iar am>rVm Vr Xgar H$m Agy eH$Vo? Amhr Va

N>mVrR>moH$nUo Ago gmJy eH$Vmo H$s, H$mJogEdT>rM H$m nU H$mJognojmhr qhXhmg^m H$mH$Uâ A{YH$ am>r

Amho.''

Vohm, gmdaH$a qhXMo m h$ amIUo H$embm hUVmV ho md$Z bInUo n> hmoVo. hmM mm qhXdmVrb

Xgam KQ>H$ hmoVm. qhXMo m h$ajU H$aUo mbmM Vo qhXd amIUo hUV AgV. WmoS>mV gmJmMo hUOo

qhXZm qhX hUy ZH$m, wgbmZmZm wgbmZ hUy ZH$m, {MZmZm {MZ hUy ZH$m. Ago Pmmda qhXZm Oo

h$ {iVrb mZmM gmdaH$a qhXMo m h$ajU hUV. VoM mMo qhXd hmoVo! m h$ajU hm

~w{dmXmMmM ^mJ AgmZo mMo qhXd ho ~w{dmXmm wirM {damoYr ZhVo.

wgbmZmZr dV wpb am>mMm Xmdm mS>bm d qhXda Am H$aUmar 50 Q> o$ dmQ>mMr mJUr Ho$br hUyZ

gmdaH$amZr qhXdmMm d qhXam>mMm {dMma mS>bm. dVwV: mMo o ^maVrd d ^maVr (qhXr) am> hoM hmoVo.

mMo qhXd ho ^maVrdmgmR>rM hmoVo d qhXam>mMm gmam Ame qhXr am>mMmM hmoVm. hUyZM Vo hUV AgV H$s,

wgbmZ ho wgbmZd gmoS>V AgVrb Va r qhXd gmoSy>Z mbm Vma Amho. wgbmZd gmoSy>Z XoUo hUOo

BbmY qH$dm qhXd gmoSy>Z XoUo hUOo qhXwY gmoSy>Z XoUo Zho, dV:Mo dV AbJd gmoSy>Z XoUo hmo.

wgbmZ Oa wpb gKQ>Z gmoSy>Z XoUma AgVrb Va r qhXgKQ>Z gmoSy>Z mbm Vma Amho, Ago mZr m.

emH$V Abr mZm gm{JVbo hmoVo. "OmonV wgbmZ gmhm H$arV ZmhrV d dV:bm dV am> mZVmV VmonV

am> mMm AW qhXam> AgmM gOm', Ago mZr 1939m {~hmamVr qhXgobZmm Ajr ^mfUmV

gm{JVbo hmoVo.

AmO ^maVmV WmnZ Pmbobo am gmdaH$amm ZmV Agbobo qhXwam>M Amho. AmOm amKQ>ZoZo qhX d

wgbmZ o^X Z> Ho$bm Amho d gmdaH$amMr Anojm nyU Pmbr Amho. qH$~hZm mm qhXam>mV AmOm amKQ>ZoV

AmhoV mnojmhr OmV h$ wgbmZmZm {iUma hmoVo. AmOm amKQ>ZoV {d{YS>imV wgbmZmZm H$moUVohr

amIrd {V{Z{Yd Zmhr, H$s Oo mm bmoH$gom mUmV mZm mbm gmdaH$a Vma hmoVo.

gmdaH$amm m {Vgm {dMmamwio r ^m{dV Pmbmo Vmo hUOo mMm gowb[aPMm {dMma hmo. mm Vo

YdmV ho $$ nmabm{H$H$ AWmm YlonwaVo m{XV Agmbm hdo. mZdr OrdZmm Bhbm{H$H$ ^mJmMm

Ymer g~Y AgVm H$mm Zo. mMr ^y{H$m Aer hmoVr H$s, "Y {Zamim, {Z~Y (H$mXm) {Zamim. n{hbm

eX{Z>oMm mV, Xgam j{Z> moJmMm. n{hmMm {df nabmoH$, XgmMm BhbmoH$.' mJo nm{hb om

{dkmZ{Z> {Z~YmVhr mZr hrM ^y{H$m mS>bobr Amho. Ho$mbnmemZo AemM H$maMm gowb[aP VwH$VmZmV

H$gm AmUbm hmoVm mMr m{hVr XoD$Z mZr mMm Jmad Ho$bm Amho. mZr hQ>bo Amho : "VU VwH$mZr n{hm

YS>mmVM Y{Z~Y hm gmg gmoS>dmMo ârg Z nS>Vm Vmo wir VmoSy>ZM Q>mH$bm... mZr bmoH$gôm

n{hmd{hm ~R>H$sVM dhma{dfH$ Vo Vo gmao Y{Z~Y (YH$mXo) a H$$Z Q>mH$bo...mVd YJW CKSy>Z

gwYmaUoMm Z gmoS>dmm ^mZJS>rV eVH$mZweVHo$ Z IMVm VU VwH$mZr YJW {Qy>Z Vmo gwQ>Vmo H$s H$m Vo

nm{hbo! Vmo H$m YJW {Q>bm {Z VH$mb Vmo Z gwQ>bm! dhmamV YmMr Aer ZS> CabrM Zmhr.'

gmdaH$amZm AerM H$mVr ^maVmV nm{hOo hmoVr. AmVm YJW H$mb~m Pmbo, m mm KmofUoMm AW hmM hmoVm.

mm Vo YJW dm Y hm Ho$di nmabm{H$H$ lonwaVm amhUma hmoVm. mZdmMo Bhbm{H$H$ OrdZmgmR>rMo

Zr{V{Z, H$mXo, {e>mMma BmXr gd H$mhr AmOm gmOmZo, hUOo gmOmVrb bmoH${V{ZYtZr, R>admMo

hmoVo. nmmZo bmoH$emhrV ho A{YH$ma ammH$S>o OmUma hmoVo. ZmJ[aH$mm nmabm{H$H$ OrdZmMm ^mJ YmH$S>o d

Bhbm{H$H$ OrdZmMm ^mJ ammH$S>o, Aem {d^mJUrbm Vo gowb[aP hUV AgV. mZm Aem H$maMo gowba

am hdo hmoVo. mZm mM Vdmda AmYmabobr gowba amKQ>Zm hdr hmoVr.

^maVmm amKQ>ZoVrb YdmVmMm yb^yV h$ XmZ H$aUmm H$b 25 o gmdaH$amZr mS>bobr hrM

^y{H$m Ambobr Amho. mV XomV Ambom YdmVmVrb "Ym'Mm AW nmabm{H$H$ d AmmpH$ AWmMm Y

([a{bOZ) AgmM Amho. m H$bmZwgma Bhbm{H$H$ ~m~tg~YmV H$mXo H$amMm A{YH$ma ammbm XomV Ambm

Amho. gdm} mmbmm ZD$ mmYremm KQ>ZmnrR>mZo (AIR1994 SC1918) YdmVmMm d

gowb[aPMm hmM AW Kmo{fV Ho$bm Amho. mV hQ>bo Amho : "(H$b 25 Zwgma) YmMo dmV d

Ym{dfrMr g{hUwVm hr $$ nmabm{H$H$ d AmmpH$ OrdZmnwaVr m{XV Amho... Eo{hH$ OrdZ (secular

life) ho Aem nmabm{H$H$ d AmmpH$ OrdZmnojm doJio AgVo... Eo{hH$ OrdZmMm mV hm Ho$di

(exclusively) emgZmm A{YH$majomVbm Amho... Vohm gowb[aP ho $sMr Ylm Am{U {VMo Eo{hH$ d

^m{VH$ OrdZ mMr $maH$V H$aVo.' hmM gowb[aP gmdaH$amZr Oâ mS>bm hmoVm. Y Am{U amOH$maU, Y

Am{U gmOH$maU, Y Am{U Zr{Vyo, Y Am{U H$mXo, Y Am{U ZwmMo Bhbm{H$H$ OrdZ mMr $maH$V

mZm nm{hOo hmoVr. dmVnyd H$mimV Aem H$maMm {Z^}i gowb[aP IUIUrVnUo mS>Umam A ^maVr

am>r ZoVm AndmXmZoM gmnS>ob.

1950o {g Ho$bom EH$m {ZdoXZmV mZr nwhm n> Ho$bo hmoVo H$s, "1937 Vo 43 m H$mbIS>mVrb

qhXwhmgôm AjnXmd$Z r Or ^mfUo Ho$bobr AmhoV mV n>M hQ>bobo Amho H$s, ammMr KQ>Zm hr

ZwVr, ~m~b AWdm Hw$amUmda AmYmabobr Zgmdr, Va Vr AmdV ~w{mm mZUmar Agmdr...ZdrZ

KQ>ZoV gdmZm gmZ A{YH$ma Agmwio qhX, wgbmZ, {MZ gdmer ~Yw^mdmZo dmJmdo.'

1965 gmbr EH$m {ZVH$m{bH$mbm {Xbom wbmIVrV mZr Amnbr OâMr ^y{H$mM nwZamdm Ho$br hmoVr :

"mPm ^maV Ago EH$ bmoH$emhr am Agob, H$s mV {d{dY Ymm bmoH$mZm Y, nW dm de mMm {dMma Z

H$aVm nyU gmZVoZo (perfect equality) dmJ{dbo OmBb. H$moUmbmhr H$moUmda ^wd JmO{dVm oUma Zmhr,

H$moUmMo dV ZmJ[aH$dmMo gmZ h$ {hamdyZ KoVbo OmUma ZmhrV.'

KQ>Zm Vma hmoV AgVmZm mZr KQ>Zm g{Vrbm Vma H$$Z {dZVr Ho$br hmoVr H$s, "Amnm am>mMo Zmd "^maV',

am>^mfm "qhXr' d am>{bnr "ZmJar' Ago R>adyZ mg KQ>Zm g{VrZo mVm mdr.' oWo mZr XoemMo Zmd

"qhXWmZ' Ago gwMdbo ZhVo ho bjmV KoVbo nm{hOo. mZr mM H$mimV dmnmV boI {bhZ XoemgmR>r EH$

"am>r nMmJ' AgmMr AmdH$Vm {VnmXZ Ho$br hmoVr. m "am>r nMmJmMo Zmd "^maVr nMmJ' Ago gwMdbo

hmoVo, "qhX nMmJ' Ago Zho! mVrb {hmMr Zmdo M, demI... Aer ZhVr, Va {hmZm 1, 2,... 12

Aem AH$mZr AmoiImMr gyMZm Ho$br hmoVr. KQ>Zm g{VrZo Y{Zanoj KQ>Zm Vma Ho$m~b mZr AjmZm

Vma Ho$br hmoVr H$s, Amnm ^maVr am>mMo IaoIwao am>r d$n {g H$$Z XmI{dm~b r VwMo (hUOo

KQ>Zm g{VrMo) A{^ZXZ H$aVmo.'

WmoS>mV, gmdaH$amm m VrZ {dMmamZr r ^m{dV Pmbmo Vo {dMma ZrQ> gOyZ KoVbo Va ho bjmV oBb H$s,

gmdaH$a ho H$moUmhr ~w{dmmnojm A{YH$ ~w{dmXr, H$moUmhr Adb gmOH$m{VH$maH$mEdT>oM

gmOH$m{VH$maH$, H$moUmhr gowbadmmnojm A{YH$ gowba d H$moUmhr nwamoJmmnojm A{YH$ nwamoJmr d

AmYw{ZH$ hmoVo. dmVnyd H$mimV YmMm {dMma Z H$aVm oH$mbm EH$ V, gmZ h$ mMm nmoQ>{VS>H$sZo nwaH$ma

H$aUmam hm EH$od am>r ZoVm hmoVm. H$mJogm EH$mhr Zombm CKS>nUo ho m ZhVo. BVa gdM ZoVo Ymm

AmYmamda njnmV H$$Z wgbmZmm mJUrZwgma {deofm{YH$ma XomMm {dMma mS>rV hmoVo; gmdaH$a ho m

Ymm AmYmao njnmV H$amm {d bT>m XoV hmoVo. ho gmao m XoemVrb {H$Vr bmoH$mZm mhrV Amho? mZr

Ymm AmYmamda h$ R>a{dmMm, njnmV H$amMm {dM

sheshrao more speech (andaman)

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