sheffield low emission zone feasibility study

Sheffield Low Emission Zone

Feasibility StudyThe case for a national

network of low emission zones

Ogo Osammor

Thursday 1st May 2014

Context• The whole urban area of Sheffield was declared an AQMA

(2010), for breaking the health based EU limit values for NO2 gas and PM10 fine dust particles

• Poor air quality costs the Sheffield economy £160m and results in up to 500 early deaths every year

• Transport emissions are the biggest single contributor• Prospect of EU fines post-2015 and imminent legal action

against the UK Government for NO2 breaches are focusing attention on the issue

• Diesel fuel emissions have been declared a Class 1 Carcinogen by the World Health Organisation in June 2012

Sheffield’s Current AQMA

Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)for Sheffield 2015

AQAP for Sheffield 2015 approved by Cabinet in July 2012

Action 1: Assess Feasibility for a Low Emission ZoneAction 2: Develop Infrastructure for Refuelling Low

Emission VehiclesAction 3: Promote Smarter Travel ChoicesAction 4: Improve Engine Performance of Commercial

Diesel VehiclesAction 5: Mitigate the impact of the M1 Motorway

(particularly in the Tinsley Area)Action 6: Develop Policies to Support better Air QualityAction 7: Control Industrial Emissions

Sheffield LEZ Feasibility Study –Phase 1

LEZ Phase 1 Technical Study completed November 2012

The Steering Group included key stakeholders – SYPTE / Bus Operators / SYLTP Partnership / FTA [RHA / ITS Leeds / Taxi Licensing / Public Health joined for Phase 2]The study used the Council’s Transport Model (SRTM3)• Any potential interventions that are aimed at one

vehicle type alone are unlikely to remove all of the air quality problems resulting from transport emissions

• We need to better understand the environmental characteristics of all types of vehicles currently travelling around Sheffield before starting to test potential interventions

Traffic needs to tackle its “fair share” of NOx emissions

Good local evidence base = more effective solutions

Critical to understand the contribution from all different vehicle types travelling around Sheffield

• Detailed Local Fleet Composition Analysis – 1.6m ANPR anonymised Data records (processed by DfT):

Private Car / PHV / Hackney Carriages / LGV < 3.5T / OGV >3.5T / Buses (Council related Service Providers)

• Roadsides Emissions Testing (ITS, Leeds University) @ 5 Locations

Sheffield LEZ Feasibility Study –Phase 2

Study Area

Sheffield Air Quality Modelling – LEZ Phase 2 Steering Group Meeting D

City-wide Distribution of Current Road Traffic (based on anonymised ANPR data)


Predicted Proportions of City-wide Weekday NOx

Emissions 2015 (based on anonymised ANPR data and observed emissions factors)


Predicted Proportions of City-wide Weekday PM10

Emissions 2015 (based on anonymised ANPR data and observed emissions factors)


% Reduction in Total NO2 Concentrations Required (from current levels)

Table 1. Number of sites exceeding NO2 limit values (Based on Predicted 2013 levels)

PERCENT REDUCTION REQUIRED NUMBER OF SITES

0% 10

0-5% 8

5-10% 12

10-20% 13

20-30% 8

Total 51

Why we need a LEZ Strategy

NO2 annual mean concentration predicted to exceed the EU’s 40 µg/m3 limit for NO2 at (at least) 40 locations in Sheffield in 2015

MINIMUM of 7 years (2013) of fleet renewal alone would be required to achieve compliance with this NO2 limit at all of these sites, assuming:

o there is no significant net traffic growth over this period

o all the other non-traffic sources of NO2 contribute their corresponding ‘fair share’ of the required reduction

o Euro 6/Euro VI performance is as expected and does not deteriorate over time

Further action is therefore required to speed up the reduction in traffic emissions, particularly NOX/NO2

Sheffield will not pursue a formal controlled ‘London’ Style LEZ which is currently PM focused (and will apply only to Buses for NOx in 2015)


Average NOX Emission Rates for Cars and Taxis

-

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Average NOX Emissions for Goods Vehicles & Buses by EURO Class

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

Desirable Features of the LEZ

Effective – targeting vehicles which contribute to current and future emissions

Efficient – targeting vehicles that are more polluting and spend more time in driving in Sheffield

Deliverable – targeting fleets over which we have some regulatory control

Affordable / Cost Effective – in terms of the size of fleet affected

Achievable – Publicly / Politically Acceptable


Option 1: Targeting Bus & Taxi


Option Strategy Component Description

Effectiveness(Total NOx Reduction)

% Total Fleet Affected

Efficiency (NOx) higher = more efficient

Option 1a - Bus Taxi EuroA

Bus and Taxi Euroclass strategy (low achievement) - Taxi E5+ - Bus E5+ 8% 5% 8

Option 1b - Bus Taxi EuroB

Bus and Taxi Euroclass strategy (medium achievement) - Taxi E6 - Bus E6 19% 6% 87

Option 1c - Bus Taxi ERA

Bus and Taxi Emission rate (medium achievement) - proportion of each fleet type affected - 30-40% 12% 2% 90

Option 1d - Bus Taxi ERB


Option 1e - Bus Taxi ERC


Option 1f - Bus ERCb

Bus Emission rate (medium achievement separated) - proportion of fleet type affected - 75-85% 12% 1% 158

Option 1g - Taxi ERCt

Taxi Emission rate (medium achievement separated) - proportion of fleet type affected - 75-85% 13% 4% 74

Option 2: Targeting Bus, Taxi & Goods Vehicles






Option 2a - Bus Taxi GVs EuroA

Bus, Taxi, Goods Vehicles Euroclass strategy (very low achievement) - Taxi E5+ - Bus E5+ - Goods E5+ 5% 12% -2

Option 2b - Bus Taxi GVs EuroB

Bus, Taxi, Goods Vehicles Euroclass strategy (excessive achievement) - Taxi E6 - Bus E6 - Goods E6 40% 18% 25

Option 2c - Bus Taxi GVs ERA

Bus, Taxi, Goods Vehicles Emission rate (medium achievement) - proportion of each fleet type affected - 10-25% 14% 3% 26

Option 2d - Bus Taxi GVs ERB

Bus, Taxi, Goods Vehicles Emission rate (high achievement) - proportion of each fleet type affected - 35-45% 22% 8% 26

Option 2e - Bus Taxi GVs ERC

Bus, Taxi, Goods Vehicles Emission rate (high achievement) - proportion of each fleet type affected - 50-65% 27% 10% 28

Option 3: Switching Diesel to Petrol(all feasible vehicle types)


Results can be pro-rated by % Vehicles Switching





Option 3a - Dies-Pet only100% Diesel Vehicles Switch to Petrol - affecting Car, LGV, Taxi PHV 48% 46% 10

Option 3b - Dies-Pet_CNG

100% Diesel Vehicles Switch to Petrol or CNG/equivalent - Petrol for Car, LGV, Taxi PHV - CNG for Taxi Hackney, OGV, Bus 66% 51% 13

Option 4: Tackling Diesel Cars (Private Car only)


Results can be pro-rated by % Vehicles Switching/Removed





Option 4a - Diesel Car switch 100% Diesel Cars Switch to Petrol 33% 32% 8Option 4b - Diesel Car remove 100% Diesel cars removed and not replaced 41% 32% 11

Recommended LEZ Strategy


Vehicle Technology

Bus – ‘Best in class’ ie Euro VI/CNG/Hybrid

Taxi – Tackling ‘worst 50%’Goods – Tackling ‘worst

15%’

6% of total fleet affected20% reduction in NOX

emissions predicted (inc 7% from Do Min)

Behavioural Change

Car – Switching 10% Diesel to Petrol

Car – 5% ReductionGoods – 5% Reduction (more

efficient driving, Ecostars, smarter routing etc)

A further 5% reduction in NOX emissions predicted

Impact of Recommended LEZ Strategy – ENEVAL 2015 DM vs DS NOX % Reductions


Impact of Recommended LEZ Strategy – ENEVAL 2015 DM vs DS PM10 % Reductions


Opportunities & Delivery Mechanisms

• DEFRA funded AQAP Communications Strategy

• Refreshed & Refocused AQAP for Sheffield

• Re-prioritising Funding Resources – LTP / LSTF / Public Health Grant / SCRIF (and bidding for further resources)

e.g. using LSTF / LTP to support CNG & EV Refuelling Infrastructure

• SCC Supplementary (AQ) Planning Document

• SCC Procurement

Opportunities & Delivery Mechanisms

• Sheffield Bus Agreement (SBA)

• Freight Quality Partnership (FQP)

• HGV Routing Strategy

• (Taxi Quality Partnership Agreement)

• Working with key employers and commercial organisations with large vehicle fleets e.g. Council, NHS, Universities, major retailers etc.

How can UK Government help?• Ensuring UK Emissions Factors are correct (funding more research

into real-life road-side emissions and the impact on health)

• Clarifying national policy on diesel fuel

• Promoting / incentivising low emission vehicles and refuelling infrastructure (petrol hybrid / electric / CNG)

• Providing more funding for buses (CBTF / Green Bus Fund) and create a Green Taxi Fund

• Clarifying national policy on tackling emissions from Motorways (and Trunk Roads) which impact on neighbouring residential areas

• Continuing to support and fund local Air Quality Monitoring in order to demonstrate compliance

Thank YouOgo Osammor

Air Quality [email protected]

(0114) 273 4655

Our Air Quality Web Link: https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/environment/air-quality.html

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/environment/air-quality.html

https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/environment/air-quality.html

sheffield low emission zone feasibility study

Documents

air quality problems

yeartransport emissions

sheffield economy

steering group meeting

better air qualityaction

issuediesel fuel emissions

urban area of sheffield

low emission vehiclesaction