sharon q. yang, rider university, nj yan yi lee, wagner college, nyc
DESCRIPTION
Is Semantic Web Our Future? Computers in Libraries Conference 2012 March 21-23, 2012 Hilton Washington Washington , DC. Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC. What is Semantic Web?. A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium, in - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Is Semantic Web Our Future? Computers in Libraries Conference 2012
March 21-23, 2012Hilton Washington
Washington, DC
Sharon Q. Yang, Rider University, NJ Yan Yi Lee, Wagner College, NYC
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What is Semantic Web?
• A vision by Tim Berners-Lee, Director of World Wide Web Consortium, in late 1999• Web 3.0, Giant Global Graph, Web of linked
data, a web of data• An extension of current Web, not a replacement• “A web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines” –
Tim Berners-Lee
*Photo of Tim Berners-Lee in 2005 from Wikipedia
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Three Things to Remember about Semantic Web
1. Machines understand/process data 2. Entity relationships (RDA is also about entity relationships)
– Relationships between humans and things – properties of humans and things (attributes and values)
3. A Web of linked data vs. a Web of linked documents
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Demos of Semantic Web Applications
• Hakia at http://www.hakia.com (a semantic Search engine)• Friend of A Friend at http://www.foaf-search.net/• LIBRIS Swedish Union Catalog at
http://libris.kb.se/index.jsp?language=en• Isearch at http://www.isearch.com/?refer=3338• Dbpedia at http://dbpedia.neofonie.de/browse/• Notable Names Database at www.NNDB.com
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A Word May Have Many Meanings…
• I love Boston-Which of the 26 Bostons in the world?• UC Berkeley –People write it in 50 different ways on
the Internet (Metaweb Inc . at http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page)
• A single entity?• A single entity vs. text of different meanings and
spellings• A single entity is a thing, place, person, concept,
object or anything
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Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• An entity may be represented by URI in Semantic Web• An entity is also called a resource • Examples of URI from LCSH in SKOS
– Example of URI - Shakespeare– Example of URI – 911 Terrorist attacks– Example of URI- Semantic Web
• URI is am important basic building block in linking data
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Resource Description Framework (RDF)-Entity Relationship Model
RDF statements are often referred to as “triples” that consist of a subject, predicate, and object, which correspond to a resource (subject), a property (predicate), and a property value (object).
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RDF Triples
• Subject – an entity (can be a URI)• Predicate -property or attribute (can be a URI)• Object – a property value (can be a URI)• Examples:
– New York-- is place of publication of --Raintree County– Viking Penguin-- is publisher of --Raintree County– 1994-- is date of publication of-- Raintree County (Caren Koyle “Library Data in the
Web World”)
– T-shirt –color-red• Languages: RDF/XMS, N3, Turtle, N-Triples, Json
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RDF/XML
”The Secret Agent” is written by Joseph Conrad
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:lib="http://www.zvon.org/library">
<rdf:Description about="The Secret Agent"> <lib:creator>Joseph Conrad</lib:creator> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
Is created by
*RDF Tutorial at http://zvon.org/xxl/RDFTutorial/General/contents.html
http://library.rider.edu/books/TheSecretAgent http://www.nndb.com/JosephConrad
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Share and Link Data?
MySQl MS SQL Oracle
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Interoperability and Cross Domain Sharing
Shared Base Ontology and
Common Vocabulary
Database 1 Database 2 Database 3
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Vocabularies and Ontologies
• Vocabulary - A collection of terms given a well-defined meaning that is consistent across contexts.
• Ontology - Allows you to define contextual relationships behind a defined vocabulary. It is the cornerstone of defining a knowledge domain. (Semantic Modeling Tutorial at www.linkeddatatools.com)
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Semantic Web Ontologies
• “An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization”1
• “the success of the semantic Web depends predominantly on the proliferation of ontologies…” 2
• Different domain has different ontology
• Ontologies are written in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDFS (RDF Schema) and others.
1. Tom Gruber at http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html2. Kaushal Girl “Role of Ontology in Semantic Web”
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Finished Ontologies
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Illustration
Name Workplace Interest
Sharon Yang Lawrenceville Linked data
Institution Location Type
Rider US University
Database 1Database 2
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More on Ontology
Place
Workplace
Location
Lawrenceville
United States
RDFS: subClassOf
RDFS: subClassOf
RDF: type
RDF: type
P:subdivisonName
Person
Institution
Has
works for University Is
Has
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Power of Inference in Semantic Web
• Inference establishes new relationships• Example – Tom is a cat – Every cat is a mammal (defined in ontology)– Tom is a mammal
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Advantages of Joining Semantic Web
•Bibliographical data is now stored in databases and not searchable on the Web. •Silos, invisible Web, dark Web, deep Web, hidden Web•Releasing bibliographical data and displaying it on the Internet•Searching and retrieval by semantic relationships•Shared standards and data models with the rest of the world•Data exchange with other metadata communities
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Semantic Web Development in Libraries
• RDA Vocabulary & OMR (JSC/CDMI/ALA) • MulDiCat (IFLA)• Authorities and Vocabularies (LC)• Linked Data Research (OCLC Research Projects)
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR
• RDA (Resource Description and Access) - New Cataloging Rules, released in 2009
- US National Libraries RDA Test, July 2010 March 2011 ̴ - Implementation, March 31, 2013
- Based on FRBR, FRAD standards, Entity-Relationship - Build Semantic Web enabled vocabularies• RDA Vocabularies published in OMR (Open Metadata
Registry)
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued
• OMR – Open Metadata Registry - Formerly founded by NSDL (National Science Digital Library) - Currently managed by Metadata Management Associates - Available openly to anyone who wish to use the service - Used by the resource description community - Used by Semantic Web developers - Goals: Metadata discovery Reuse Standardization Interoperability
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued
• RDA Vocabularies published in OMR, 2011 2012 ̴ - DCMI/RDA Task Group - JSC for development of RDA - ALA (Co-Publisher of RDA)• Base Domain: http://rdvocab.info/• Data model: SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)• Stand model: RDF
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continued
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue
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RDA Vocabularies and OMR - continue
“The Committee is committed to publishing and maintaining the content of the RDA vocabularies, synchronized with the text of RDA, in order to support their use by the resource description community and by developers of Semantic Web applications” – Alan Danskin, 2011 (Chair of JSC, 2009 – 2011)
“The RDA vocabularies represent many decades of library experience and practice which is now shared with the rest of the world.” - Gordon Dunsire, 2011 (co-Chair of the DCMI/RDA Task Group)
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MulDiCat
• MulDiCat – Multilingual Dictionary of Cataloging Terms and Concepts
- MulDiCat Working Group, IFLA Cataloging Section - Definitions for terms and concepts used by catalogers - In 27 different languages (will be more) - Authoritative translations of IFLA cataloging standards - Store in IFLA namespace as a SKOS file - IFLA Namespaces - iflastandards.info
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MulDiCat - continued
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Authorities and Vocabularies
• Library of Congress Authority Data in SKOS• Delivered as Linked-Data• Accessible for both human and machine• Visualization of relationships between concepts and
values• id.loc.gov
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Authorities and Vocabularies - continued
Include - LC Subject Headings - LC Name Authority File - LC Children’s Subject Headings - Genre/Form Terms - Thesaurus of Graphic Materials ……
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Authorities and Vocabularies - continued
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Linked Data Research
• OCLC Linked Data Research - Identify things via URIs
- Improve discovery • Related research projects - FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)
- VIAF (The Virtual International Authority File)
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FAST
• FAST – Faceted Application of Subject Terminology - An experimental Linked Data service by OCLC - Adapt LCSH with simplified syntax - Easy to understand, apply, and use - Data model: SKOS - FAST Linked Data http://experimental.worldcat.org/fast/
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FAST - continued
Link to LCSH at id.loc.gov
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VIAF
• VIAF – The Virtual International Authority File - International Joint project (LC, German National
Library, National Library of France, etc.) - A single authority service - combined 21 name
authority files from 18 organizations around the world
- Hosted in OCLC http://viaf.org - Plays a role in Semantic Web
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VIAF - continued
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Giant Graph (Wikipedia)
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Giant Graph (Wikipedia)
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Is Semantic Web Our Future? Food for Thought…
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