shareology and social media in academia #sussextel

Shareology and Social Media in Academia

Sue Beckingham | @suebecksInvited Speaker University of Sussex

Technology Enhanced Learning Seminar Series

"A good educational system should have three purposes:

1. it should provide all who want to learn with access to available resources at any time in their lives;2. empower all who want to share what they know to find those who want to learn it from them; 3. furnish all who want to present an issue to the public with the opportunity to make their challenge known."Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society 1995

SHARINGGreat things in business are never done by one person. They’re done by a team of people.

Steve Jobs

Why should it be any different for educators?

In the traditional education system, students typically learned on their own and were judged individually. But as technology progresses and once separate economies become interdependent, working with others is becoming increasingly important.

Today, innovation rarely results from individuals working in isolation; far more often than not, it is the product of sharing and collaboration. Schools need to incorporate this new reality into their curriculums, preparing their students to work across cultures and equipping them for a world shaped by issues that transcend national boundaries.

Andreas Schleicher (World Economic Forum) 2015

"In the past, education was about imparting knowledge. Today, it is about providing students with the tools to navigate an increasingly uncertain, volatile world. Unfortunately, the skills that are easiest to teach and test are also the easiest to automate or outsource. State-of-the-art knowledge remains important.

But the global economy no longer rewards workers for what they know (Google knows everything); it rewards them for what they can do with what they know."

Andreas Schleicher 2015

We share information we hear, see and read

Information needs

• Philosophical perspective: information in science and technology

• Political perspective: information in modern society and a global world

• Economic perspective: information as a commodity on the market

• Societal perspective: information as the glue between communities

• Psychological perspective: information as a basis for knowing and acting

• Ecological perspective: information as a prerequisite for living creatures

Philosophical

Political

Economic

Societal

Psychological

Ecological

Adapted from Vosen 2012

Merriam-Webster, n.d.

Can social media"empower all who want to share what they know to find those who want to learn it from them" (Illich 1995)

AND"empower all who want to learn, to find those who know and want to share"

What do we share?

On a post-it

WHAT do you share via social media?

Dictionary.com Unabridged, n.d..

What do we share online?

Smart Insights 2016

My personal social media sharing began by joining Facebook as a means to exchange family photos

https://amp.twimg.com/v/3e92687d-e3e2-4086-983c-ff4eb6117359

What do we share online and why?

• 31% of content is personal photos a third are of animals

• Over half share content with all followers

What do we share online and why?

• Facebook• Twitter• Email• WhatsApp

Most share content to make others feel happy, some admit to drawing attention to themselves, and others to spark a debate

Ipsos 2013 http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=6239 An international sample of 18,150 adults

Global “Sharers” on Social Media sites seek to share Interesting (61%), Important (43%) and Funny (43%) things

http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=6239



An ongoing evolution of sharing

sharing [living] space

a car sharing service

a bike sharing service

connects gardenless would-be growers with unused spare land

for swapping almost anything

Where do we share?

Leading social networks worldwide as of April 2016, ranked by number of active users (in millions)

Statista 2016

LinkedIn has 414million users however only 100 million are active...

It took Facebook just 3.5 years to reach 50,000,000 users

It took Angry Birds 35 days...

Why do we share?

Motivations for Sharing

The Psychology of Sharing Study, Brett 2011

Information management

To bring valuable and entertaining content to others

To define ourselves to others

To grow and nourish our relationships

Self-fulfilment

73% said that they process information more deeply, thoroughly and thoughtfully when they share it. 85% said reading other people's responses helps them understand and process information and events

78% share information online because it lets them stay connected to people they may not otherwise stay in touch with and 73% because it helps them connect with others who share their own interests.

94% carefully consider how the information they share will be useful to others

68% share to give people a better sense of who they are and what they care about

69% share information because it allows them to feel more involved in the world

Altruists

helpful, reliable,

thoughtful and

connected

share via email

Careerists

valuable, intelligent, building

their network

share through LinkedIn

Hipsters

cutting edge,

creative, building identity,

young and popular

less likely to use email

Boomerangs

reactive, seeking

validation, sharing

empowered

likely to share of

Facebook ad Twitter

Connectors

creative, relaxed,

thoughtful planners

likely to share via email or

Facebook

Selective

resourceful, careful,

thoughtful, informative

Likely to share via

email

The Psychology of Sharing: Why do People Share Online? Brett, New York Times 2011

Why do People Share Online?

From broadcasters to sharecasters

receiving combining

redistributing

mashing up

Brett, 2011

SHARING best practices, reflections and documentation of learning is the essential fabric of education and the building block of networking, growing and moving forward.

Silvia Tolisano @langwitches 2014

Why we should share

Adapted from Charles Hardy 2015

Identity who you are

Networks who you know AND who knows you

Knowledge what you know

Developing and optimising your

professional identityshares

Using social media can help

you develop NEW

connections beyond your immediate networks

Socialnomics = World of Mouth

Difference between Word of Mouth and World of Mouth (Qualman 2011:2)

Guardian 2015

What motivates Guardian readers to share

Guardian 2015

Does sharing equal engagement?

Sharing is a choice

The importance of sharing

"We share for many reasons - some self serving and some not. Our need to share is based on the human instinct not only to survive

but to thrive."

Kramer 2015

Sharing is enhanced by

visibility in social spaces1

an informative profile2

social connectedness3

mutual interests4

active listening5

interactive dialogue6

dash of serendipity7

Michael de Groot 2015http://www.stayingaliveuk.com/blog/2015/10/are-you-interested-in-trust

There are three main kinds of communication

spoken

1

gestural

2

graphic

3

verbal, non-verbal and visual

Genevieve von Petzinger 2015

Share a smile and introduce

yourself to someone you don't already

know

There are hundreds of languages in the world, but a smile speaks them all.

Anonymous

Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle,

and the life of the candle will not be shortened.

Happiness never decreases by being shared.

Gautama Buddha (attributed)

University of California at Berkeley psychologists Dacher Keltner and Lee Ann Harker identified six basic types of smiles to express feelings

http://mcgannfacialdesign.com/the-power-of-smile



Duchenne, Guillaume (1990). The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. New York: Cambridge University Press. Translated by R. Andrew . Originally published as Mecanisme de la Physionomie Humaine in 1862.

A Duchenne smile engages the muscles around the mouth and eyes

Graphic communication, on the other hand, decouples that relationship. And with its invention, it became possible for the first time for a message to be transmitted and preserved beyond a single moment in place and time.

Three main kinds of communication

spoken

1

gestural

2

graphic

3

Spoken and gestural are by their very nature ephemeral. It requires close contact for a message to be sent and received. And after the moment of transmission, it's gone forever.

Genevieve von Petzinger 2015

Barring a handful of outliers, there are only 32 geometric signs across a 30,000-year time span

and the entire continent of Europe. (von Petzinger 2015)

Spot the icons that are used in social media today

Emoticons published in the March 30, 1881 issue of Puck

Harvey Ross Ball (1921-2001)

Visually communicating emotions

How can we replicate non verbal

body language online?

colon, dash, right bracket

a 'text smile'

Kramer (2016) writes about the importance of developing social body language. This is how you interact online without the context of your offline behaviour.

Building digital social body language

This can be enhanced by using visual components to give context e.g. photos, videos, animations, sketches, emoticons

However....

Miller, H.,Thebault-Spieker, J., Chang, S., Johnson, I., Terveen, L., & Hecht, B. “Blissfully happy” or “ready to fight”: Varying Interpretations of Emoji.

The study looked at 22 of the most popular anthropomorphic emoji (those that represent faces or people) and 5 most popular mobile platforms.

Variations occurred across platforms and also in different versions of the same but different operating systems e.g. emoji in Android 4.4 are different to those in 6.1.

“Blissfully happy” or “ready to fight”: Varying Interpretations of Emoji

"People have interpreted the emoji meaning something

different than I intended and gotten upset."

"I downloaded the new iOS platform and I sent some nice faces, and

they came to me wife's phone as aliens

."

"When I use an emoji on an android and my iPhone friend says that

it was a sad face instead of a crying

excited face."

(Miller et al 2015)

“Emoji have become an ever-evolving cryptographic language that changes

depending on who we are talking to, and when.”

Wortham 2013

https://bold.pixelapse.com/minming/share-the-icon-no-one-agrees-on

Sharing icons are also inconsistent




give give give givegive give give givegive give give givegive give give giveget

Kramer 2013https://youtu.be/J4HWJZZJDMA

https://youtu.be/J4HWJZZJDMA

https://youtu.be/J4HWJZZJDMA

Social is a behaviour, not a channel

Most people visit social networking sites to connect with others: to stay in touch with friends and family; to share things with

colleagues and peers; and even to meet strangers with similar interests and needs.

There are times when technology plays an important part in facilitating these connections; the filters on Instagram, or the

sharing features common to most social networks, are important parts of the social networking experience.

However, for most people, social media are just means to an end, with that ‘end’ being social interaction.

Simon Kemp 2014:21

Sharing through working and learning

'out loud'

“Working Out Loud starts with making your work visible in such a way that it might help others. When you do that – when you work in a more open, connected way – you can build a purposeful network that makes you more effective and provides access to more opportunities.”

John Stepper

5 Elements of Working Out Loud

Making your work visible 1

Making work better 2

Leading with generosity3

Building a social network. 4

Making it all purposeful5

Stepper 2014

Benefits of Working Out Loud

Internal: enterprise social network

• peer-to-peer recognition• improved internal

communications• better working

relationships• humanised work• higher productivity• increased innovation and

collaboration

External: professional social networks

• build professional network

• opens virtual doors• crowd source information• breaks down

geographical barriers

An (emerging) organising principle for an era of interconnected knowledge,

trust and credibility.

The working definition of Wirearchy is “a dynamic two-way flow of power and authority, based on knowledge, trust,

credibility and a focus on results, enabled by interconnected people and technology”.

Interconnected information flows

"Wirearchy is about the power and effectiveness of people working together

through connection and collaboration … taking responsibility individually and

collectively rather than relying on traditional hierarchical status."

Jon Husband 2014

We have been here before.....

There have been eight epochal transformations of

communication that in their way were no less profound and transformative than what we are experiencing now:

from cave drawings to oral language, the written word to the printing press, the telegraph to the radio, broadcast

television to cable, and now the Internet

Kovach and Rosensteil 2011

8 key steps to building a sharing PLN

1. explore

2. search

3. follow

4. tune 8. respond

7. inquire

6. engage

5. feed

Rheingold 2011

https://moz.com/followerwonk

My Twitter community



The #SocMedHE15 communityNodeXL map

Established academic 'sharing' mechanisms

LinkedIn updates

Blog comments

Blogposts

Tweets

Slideshare

YouTube& Vimeo

Complementing the traditional we are now seeing a growing

use of social channels

CREATE

CURATECOLLABORATE

COMMUNICATE

CONNECTSH

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BA

CK

The 5C Framework Nerantzi and Beckingham 2014

Learning and Teaching in Higher Education - weekly chat @LTHEchat #LTHEchat http://lthechat.com

http://lthechat.com/

/

#LTHEchat #HEAchat

http://lthechat.com/

https://byod4learning.wordpress.com/



The Lurkerto be in a hidden place : to wait in a secret or hidden place especially in order to do something wrong or harmfulcomputers : to read messages written by other people on the Internet in a newsgroup, chat room, etc., without writing any messages yourself

Vicariousnessexperiences or felt by watching, hearing about, or reading about someone else rather than by doing something yourself

Is 'listening in' vicarious lurking???

Lurking XStalking X

> Positive silent engagement> Participant observation> Active listening> Observing without active participation

Positive Silent Engagement (PSE)

I would argue that positive silent engagement (PSE) is not only valuable,

but an essential component of digital connectedness.

We learn by listening. It is no different online

KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge is embodied in people gathered in communities and networks.

The road to knowledge is via people, conversations, connections and relationships.

Knowledge surfaces through dialog, all knowledge is socially mediated and access to knowledge is by connecting to people that know or know who to contact.

In the knowledge economy, connections and relationships count more than personal knowhow and access to content.

The environment changes so fast, the optimum knowledge strategy is instant access to people & their ideas and continuous awareness & learning in a supportive community.

People and discourse communities provide the 'filter' mechanism for alerting and awareness.

This helps to keep your focus, provides market intelligence and affords a platformfor negotiating meaning and value.

Denham Grey 2002

"The current search for new educational funnels must be reversed into the search for their institutional inverse: educational webs which heighten the opportunity for each one to transform each moment of

his living into one of learning, sharing, and caring."

Ivan Illich 1995

But it's having the right tool for the job at hand...

Sue Beckingham | @suebecksEducational Developer and Senior Lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University with a research interest in the use of social media in education.

Blog: http://socialmediaforlearning.com/ LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/suebeckingham

Image sources: where uncited all images used are either public domain via Pixabay or author's own

http://socialmedia4us.wordpress.com/%C2%A0

http://t.co/dmk3AfYiMV

http://t.co/dmk3AfYiMV