Shaping a new CGIAR Mega Program

on Livestock and Fish

Tom Randolph (ILRI)

CGIAR Livestock Fish Mega Program Stakeholder Meeting, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2010

CG Context

CG Change

Invitation to develop Mega Program on:

Sustainable staple food productivity increase for

global food security: Livestock and fish

Emphasis on increasing

production/productivity for food security…..

Livelihoods, protecting eco-services

addressed by other Mega Programs

Why livestock and fish? Animal Source Foods (ASFs) – highly

strategic in nutritionally challenged populations, esp. for women & childreno Dense sources of protein, energyo Delivers essential, highly available

micronutrients more effectively than plant-based food

o Associated with Better growth, cognitive function and

physical activity of children Better pregnancy outcomes Reduced morbidity from illness

The Challenge Large share of value of world’s food supply Fast growing demand to be met

Projected increase in demand for ASFs

to 2020 (% per year)Developed Countries

Developing Countries

Milk 0.2 1.8Meat 0.5 1.7Fish 0.0 0.6Cereals 0.3 0.4

FAO 1009 SOFA Report

The Challenge Much of increase will come from industrial

sector for poultry and monogastrics• Not as well developed where the poor are

Poor will need to depend on local systems• Limited capacity to respond• Offers opportunity for broad-based income

generation from high-value ASF• Transition strategy

Ex. smallholder dairy in East Africa, poultry in Indonesia

Opportunity for Impact Animals play a role in all farming systems But productivity and consumption rates

continue to lagBeef

(kg output/kg biomass/yr)

Milk (kg/cow/yr)

Year: 1980 2005 1980 2005Sub-Saharan Africa 0.06 0.06 411 397Latin America 0.08 0.11 1021 1380West Asia/N Africa 0.07 0.10 998 1735South Asia 0.03 0.04 517 904Industrialized countries 0.17 0.20 4226 6350

FAO 1009 SOFA Report

Opportunity for Impact

Livestock R&D has certainly contributed to some successes….

But large productivity gaps remain

Conventional approach has had limited success

We propose to harness:

Growing & dynamic markets and private sector

Recent experiences of working closer with development partners

New scientific advances

Institutional flexibility from CG change

And commit to focus for meaningful impact

Can we do better?

From Piece-meal….

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Research for

Technology Generation

Market Innovation

Commodity X in Country Y

Commodity R in Country S

Commodity A in Country B

… to Focus for Impact

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Research for

Technology Generation

Market Innovation

Commodity X in Country Y

Commitment to stimulate the transformation of a few animal product value chains in a few countries

- Catalyzing investment & aligning partners

- Research engaging as knowledge partner in large-scale development intervention

Example of East Africa Dairy Development Project

Development Partners(HPI, Technoserve, ABS) $45m

Performance Target: double dairy income in 135,000 poor cattle-keeping households

Scaling out

Knowledge Partners (ILRI, ICRAF, NARS) M&E, learning, technology dissemination $5m

Time 10 years

MP3.7 - Structured as 3 Themes

#2Improved

Technologies- Breed- Feed- Health

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing Consumers

Commodity X in Country Y

#3 Strategies for Value Chain Development

#1 Targeting - foresight & prioritization

M&E - impact assessment

Large-scale development intervention

Value Chain DevelopmentWhat do we understand as a value chain?

Inputs & Services

Production

Processing

Marketing

Consumers

• Activities, actors and relationships to bring a product through phases of production and marketing for delivery to consumers

• Purpose is to provide a product of value to consumer, for which consumer is willing to pay Value distributed back along value chain

• Flexible scope, boundaries• Driven by opportunities to add value

Role of Research in Value Chain Development

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Value chain assessment – identify opportunities to add value

Institutional/market strategies, business development innovation, IAR4D

Creating an enabling environment

Delivery strategies for services, information

Technological options – quick fixes

Technological options – future productivity break-throughs

Crossing cutting: Targeting and M&E

Gender and equity

Capacity building

Communication strategy

Role of Research in Value Chain Development

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Value chain assessment – identify opportunities to add value

Creating an enabling policy environment

Institutional/market strategies, business development innovation, IAR4D

Delivery strategies for services, information

Technological options – quick fixes

Technological options – future productivity break-throughs

Crossing cutting:

Targeting and M&E

Gender and equity

Capacity building

Value chain development component

Role of Research in Value Chain Development

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Value chain assessment – identify opportunities to add value

Institutional/market strategies, business development innovation, IAR4D

Delivery strategies for services, information

Technological options – quick fixes

Technological options – future productivity break-throughs

Crossing cutting:

Targeting and M&E

Gender and equity

Capacity building

Creating an enabling environment

Technology generation component

An Example: Dry-season feed

Inputs & Services Production Processing MarketingConsumers

Value chain assessment – identify opportunities to add valueInstitutional/market strategies, business development innovation, IAR4DDelivery strategies for services, informationTechnological options – quick fixesTechnological options – future productivity break-throughsCrossing cutting:

Targeting and M&E Gender and equity Capacity building

Creating an enabling environment

Policies

Feed demand

PulveriserPulveriser services

Innovation Platform

Policies

Food-feed crops

Seed systems

Scenario planning

Innovation Platform

The Front EndValue Chain Development

Ensuring market ‘push’ and ‘pull’ to support smallholder uptake of improved technologies

1. Assessment Value chain analysis – identifying technical and

institution opportunities for upgrading Measuring performance

2. Implementing IAR4D – innovation platform processes Clustering and business development services

3. Sectoral and policy analysis

MP3

.7 P

repa

re in

terv

entio

n

Working within a development intervention

Development Partners$90m

Performance Target:double production in x poor households

Scaling out

Knowledge Partners $10m

Time 10 years

MP3.7 Strategic Research $10m

The Back EndImproved Technologies

Focus on 3 main productivity drivers

1. Better performing breeds and breeding programs

• Characterization, conservation, selective breeding• Improved delivery of genetics• Exploring applications from new science

2. Improving feed and forage resources and their use

• Plant-based feeds for fish, monogastrics• Dual-purpose food-feed crops• Feed/forage market development

#2 Improved Technologies

3. Animal health• Vaccines for orphan diseases• Maps of disease risk and response• Delivery of improved health services

Will seek a balance of: adaptive, real-time problem solving Medium/longer-term basic research

The glue that keeps it on track

Targeting and M&EBuild on current capacity and research

Prioritization critical!

Impact assessment & learning Scanning the horizon – foresight Improved mapping of systems Gender analyses

So what is new?

Commitment to focus on a limited set of value chains and generate measurable impact

• 6-8 value chains • Catalyze R&D investment and efforts• Work more directly with development and

private sector partners• Set clear goals for impact

Creating synergies by pooling our collective resources across the 4 CG centers

Focus locally, impact globally

Focus value chains serve as proof-of-concept of impact at scale

…which can then be scaled out to the rest of the region

Problem-solving in focus value chains informs cross-cutting research

…so will continue to generate International Public Goods to be shared as done now

Impact Pathway embedded directly

Conventional –outputs transferred to

development actorsviewed as outcomes

Research activities &

outputsOutcomes Impacts

Impact & Scaling out

Outcome –

Intervention

Outputs

New Model –outputs made-to-order for immediate

use within large-scale intervention with scaling-out strategy

And still generating wider benefits

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Inputs & Services Production Processing Marketing

Consumers

Value chain assessment methods platform

Delivery strategies platforms

Productivity technologies platforms

And still generating wider benefitsIn country

value-chain research and knowledge application

PlatformResearch

Breeds

Feeds

Health

Targeting

Monitoring & Evaluation

Technology IPG’s

Process IPG’s(Action Learning)

Adaptive Research

Deciding where to focus

1. Identify high-potential regional value chain based on study for livestock development investment Growth and market opportunities Pro-poor potential Supply constraints

2. Choose target country Enabling environment Existing momentum

Target Value Chains (tentative)

Smallholder pigs in Vietnam and Uganda

Smallholder small ruminants in Mali and Ethiopia

Smallholder aquaculture in Uganda

Smallholder dairying in Tanzania and India

Smallholder dual-purpose cattle in Nicaragua

MP3.7 Catalyst Role

Research

Investors

NARS

ARIs

MP3.7CG partners

Ministry

Investors

Development

NGOs

Private Sector

Links to other Mega Programs

MP1: role of value chains within agricultural systems and livelihoods

MP2: role of animal product value chains in broader economic growth

MP3: role of crops as feed, use of animals for crop production

MP5/7: environmental risks and trade-offs

Implementing the Mega ProgramExample of ILRI

Time 10 years

Current Activities

Mega Program 3.7

Other Mega Programs

Other Activities

Overarching Goal

Sustainably increase productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems

so as to increase availability and affordability of ASFs for poor consumers

and, in doing so, to reduce poverty through greater participation

by the poor along ASF value chains.

The enduring productivity gap in poor country small-scale livestock and aquaculture systems can be sustainably reduced through new ways of working in which partnerships between research, development and private sector actors stimulate gender-equitable innovation in selected pro-poor value chains; enable uptake of existing appropriate technologies; and identify and communicate demand for new priority technologies that exploit scientific advances. Reducing the productivity gap for livestock and fish will lead to increased access to ASFs by the poor and increased incomes for producers and other value chain actors, thereby improving nutrition and food security.

Our Proposition