sfg1795 v9 public disclosure authorized - world bank · 2017-07-10 · esia study for eg-giza north...

of 314

The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

Prepared By:

EG-GIZA North Power Project –Natural Gas Lines to Additional Power

Plants in Egypt

El Gamil-Damietta Pipeline

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALIMPACT ASSESSMENT

February 2017

Final Report

SFG1795 V9P

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

ed

of 314

Page 2 of 314

ESIA study for EG-GIZA North Power Project – El Gamil – Damietta Pipeline

Executive SummaryIntroductionThe proposed project is considered as part of Egypt’s strategy which aims to expand the useof natural gas as a clean source of energy, a goal that will be achieved through deliveringnatural gas to houses, industrial facilities and power plants. In this regard, the EG-GizaNorth Power Project was undertaken by the Egyptian Government. The project consists ofthree main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250 MWCombined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the power plant tothe national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipelines to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure supply gas to power plant.

Component 3 of the project, which involves gas pipeline construction to provide natural gasto North Giza power station, is implemented by the Egyptian Company for Natural Gas(GASCO) with the assistance of the World Bank. This component and was 96% concludedby the end of 2015.

After conclusion of the procurement of the Bank financed packages, there were still financialsavings from the project that can be utilized by the Government of Egypt. In this regard, theWorld Bank received formal request from the government of Egypt to utilize these savingsto procure pipelines required for upgrading the natural gas network and connecting to newand existing power plants.

As the objective of the new gas pipelines connections to the existing and new power stationsis to improve the security and efficiency of electricity supply, the additional proposed scopeby the Egyptian government is considered to be fully in-line with the original projectobjectives.

The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCO and are composed of 9pipelines, namely:

1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km).2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni

Sueif Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th of

October power station)5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)

of 314

Page 3 of 314


6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez Thermal PowerStation)

7. Soumid import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)

Approach to StudyThe preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is done according tothe following approach:

Reviewing the available information and documents regarding the project; Reviewing national and international legislations and regulations relevant to the

project, including the required governmental permits. Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the

current environmental and social situation; Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the community and

different stakeholders in the process of identifying the expected impacts; Assessing the potential environmental and social impacts associated with proposed

project activities; Developing an outline for the environmental and social management plan for the

mitigation of the expected negative impacts and the monitoring activities to ensurecompliance with the relevant environmental laws;

Holding a Public Consultation Session based on the updated ESIA and RAP studies; Finalizing and submitting the ESIA and RAP studies.

Project Overview

Pipeline RouteThe route starts from an existing room on Port Fouad-El Tina gas pipeline which lies nearfrom Petrobel Company. Then the pipeline crosses Port Said - Damietta road, and extends 3km in the western direction in silty sand soil parallel to Port Said - Damietta road from itssouthern direction. The pipeline then moves in the south west direction for 2 km to crossPort Said - Damietta road and the International Coastal Road. The pipeline then moves westto extend parallel to the International Coastal Road on the borders of Manzala Lake (with atotal distance of 29 km till this point).

of 314

Page 4 of 314


After that it extends one km towards west through agricultural land, then it extends in thesouth west direction parallel to high voltage electricity towers behind Ahmad Shulah farm.Then it intersects with el Salam Canal, and extends in the North West direction parallel againto high voltage electricity towers passing beside El-Khalifa village. After that, it extendstowards west to reach El-Hawarany area and intersecting with Mansoura Faraskour road andriver Nile near to El-Bostan water treatment plant (with a total length of 21 kms for thissegment). The pipeline then reaches to an existing valve room “number 13” on Idku-Damietta gas pipeline in Kafr el Battikh city with total length 50 km.

Construction PhaseThe project will be carried out by a contractor under GASCO’s supervision and control. It isexpected that the engineering, procurement and construction phases will collectively takeabout 15 month. The following activities will be conducted in the construction phase:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging& commissioning.• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and electric

components).

Operation PhaseThe operation phase is normally functioned through the central control unit through theSCADA system. Normal maintenance and monitoring work will be performed includingpatrolling to leakages and potential hazards detection. In case of leak detection, or damage inparts of the pipeline, the damaged part will be isolated and the necessary action will be takenaccording to the emergency response plan of GASCO.

of 314

Page 5 of 314


Project AlternativesThe main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to El-BorolosPower Plant, in order to help meet the growing national demand. In case of having “NoAction”, liquid fuels (Mazout (heavy fuel oil) or Diesel oil) can be used to compensate thisshortage despite that there will be more polluting air emissions in case of transporting any ofthem through vehicles, and even during their burning. In addition, since there is a localshortage in supplying Mazout and Diesel oil, they will be mainly imported, and accordinglyincrease the load on the national budget especially regarding the current foreign currencyproblems. Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

Several alternatives were considered for the route of the line, with the aim of avoiding asmuch as possible, any residential areas with sensitive receptors, and major crossings of bothroads and waterways. Accordingly, the prioritization of certain pipeline route from theenvironmental and social perspectives focus on shortening the pipeline length andminimizing the associated expected social and environmental impacts. In addition, the choiceof the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects set by GASCO includingfacilitating the accessibility of equipment, vehicles and personnel to the pipeline site duringthe construction and maintenance activities by placing the path as much as possible near topaved roads.

The presence of residential areas and some factories on the coastal line prevented thepossibility of choosing the coastal line as a possible route. The chosen route passes adjacentto existing electricity poles to minimize the opportunities of third party trespass on the gaspipeline. For the fish farms located along the pipeline route, the pipeline will pass on theborder of the farms to minimize any negative effect on them. Hence, the chosen pipelineroute achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the same time aligns withGASCO’s strategy which aims at choosing routes already containing existing infrastructure(paved roads) and minimizing intersection with residential areas.

Positive Environmental and Social ImpactsImplementation of the proposed project is expected to lead to a number of positive socialand economic benefits, for example:

The project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities in theconstruction phase, both directly and indirectly;

Support the expansion of power generation projects; Expanding power generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity grid; Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to local

industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; Expanding the natural gas network will enhance the national plans to increase the

number of natural gas household connections. Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel.

of 314

Page 6 of 314


Environmental Impact Rating Summary

Table 0-1 -Environmental Impact Rating Summary

Phase Impact category Impact RatingLow Medium High

Construction Air Quality XAquatic Environment XNoise XEcological systems XLand use XSoil XTraffic XArchaeological Sites XNatural disasters XHazards XWaste disposal XPublic health XHealth and safety XExisting infrastructure XTemporary land acquisition XPermanent land acquisition XWaste accumulation hinderingtraffic

X

Operation Air Quality XAquatic Environment XNoise XEcological systems XLand use Xsoil XTraffic XArchaeological Sites XNatural disasters XHazards XWaste disposal X

of 314

Page 7 of 314


Public health XHealth and safety XExisting infrastructure XEasement of the RoW XCrop damage duringmaintenance

X

Main Construction Impacts

The main impacts expected during the project construction are as follows:

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (sitepreparation, excavation, etc)

2. The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal of constructionwastes or debris in the waterways, and in case of improper disposal of water resultingfrom hydrostatic testing

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other excavationand construction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewaternetworks pipes, telephone connections.. etc. during the construction activities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous andconstruction waste, such as Soil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting from theirstorage onsite until the final disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects.7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction

materials and equipment to the site.9. Effect on land use due to the excavation activities during the construction phase, and

also at road crossings with the pipeline path.10. Adverse effect on the flora and fauna in the project site, especially the agricultural areas,

during the season in which the construction activities will be undertaken.11. Accidents and hazards that may occur such as oil leaks from the equipment.

Main Operation ImpactsWhile the main impacts expected during operation are:

of 314

Page 8 of 314


1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage ortrespass, this may lead to the release of a significant amount of natural gas which willcause major risks to the surrounding communities and the environment.

2. Natural disasters might lead to pipeline failure and accordingly the release of naturalgas, which will cause major risks to the surrounding communities and theenvironment.

Social Impacts

During Construction

1. Temporary acquisition of land and the subsequent impact of damaging crops.Farming, in most of the cases, is the sole source of income for the affected farmers.The project construction phase will necessitate temporary expropriation of about316,225 m2 of agriculture land during the construction. During this stage aResettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WB ResettlementPolicy OP 4.12. The RAP will involve a full inventory survey for the PAPs and avaluation for the compensation that should be paid.

2. Temporary land acquisition and the subsequent damages on drying of the fish farmsfor a total area of 3,356,850 m2. For small fisherman this represents the sole incomein many cases. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WBResettlement Policy OP 4.12. The RAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPsand a valuation for the compensation that should be paid.

3. Permanent land acquisition for the establishment of the valve rooms (willing seller –willing buyer approach). In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is to providefull replacement cost for purchasing the land as per the market price undersatisfactory, agreeable and appropriate agreement. It might be roughly suggested thateach of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for each of the valve rooms is owned by onefarmer. Based on this assumption, 4 farmers are expected to sell their land toGASCO for establishing the valve rooms.

4. Potential traffic congestion due to the accumulation of construction materials anddust that will result from excavation. From a social prospective, this impact mightaffect the income of microbuses, small vehicles and taxi drivers. The route crossesseveral main roads Port Said / Damietta Road, Coastal International Road andFarscour / Mansoura Road. As a result of the importance of this impact, it wasrecommended that road crossings will be constructed using HDD technology tolimit traffic disruption.

5. Potential temporary inconvenience as result of the construction activities. This couldbe in the form of accumulation of wastes (both construction and domestic waste in

of 314

Page 9 of 314


the construction areas, associated odor, air emissions, especially dust as a result ofexcavation. These impacts are of temporary nature and will be of very limited level ofseverity, particularly since the construction activities will be in farms and notpopulated areas

6. Among the adverse social impacts is that the route will pass through a populated areanear Farscour/Mansoura Road after crossing the River Nile at Kafr Battikh. Sincethis area is densely populated it is recommended to avoid open excavation and useHDD technology.

7. Risks of damaging existing community infrastructure, especially water pipes that arenot mapped, can have detrimental social repercussions. Disruption of other utilityservices such as electricity and communications can also be a nuisance to thoseaffected.

During Operation

1. The possibility of a gas leakage or the occurrence of fires, which could affect theresidents in the area, is a concern.

2. Impacts related to the easement of the RoW: potential expansion of the residentialarea close to the pipe line routes. The land cannot be used for construction as anurban area after that. This is considered a negative impact to the land owners.

3. Additional crop damage as a result of maintenance or surveillance activities is also apossibility.

4. The market value of the land is expected to decrease after construction of thepipeline.

of 314

Page 10 of 314


Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)The following Tables show the ESMP outline for the proposed pipeline during the construction and operation phases.

The general implementation and supervision cost for all the proposed mitigation measures will be approximately 13,000EGP/month. Additional costs will be stated for some mitigation measures.

Table 0-2 -Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

Potential EnvironmentalImpact

Proposed MitigationMeasures

Responsibilityof Mitigation

Responsibilityof directsupervision

Estimated Cost

Air emissions Implementation ofregular maintenanceschedule formachinery

Ensuring thatvehicles andequipment will notbe left runningunnecessarily toreduce gaseous andexhaust emissionsfrom diesel engines

Contractor GASCO HSE sitesupervisor

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water spraying beforeexcavation, filling,loading and unloading

Spraying of stockpiles,storage in covered


General Implementation/supervision cost

of 314

Page 11 of 314


areas Using paved routes to

access the sitewherever possible.

Sheeting of Lorriestransporting friableconstruction materials

Ensuringtransportation ofconstruction waste bya licensed contractor

Minimizing dropheights for materialtransfer activities suchas unloading of friablematerials

Risk of damaging existinginfrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits Analysis of accidents

logs If a line break occurs,

the nearest policedepartment and thecorrespondingauthority shall beinformed to repair the


GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

Cost of infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to the type ofdamage. The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

of 314

Page 12 of 314


damaged line

Solid, Construction andhazardous waste generation

Identification and useof approved nearbydisposal sites throughlocal authority

On-site segregationof wastes accordingto their types

Designation and useof appropriatestockpiling locationson site

Covering wastestockpiles to avoidambient air pollution

Daily hauling ofwaste to disposal sitein covered trucks

Activities involvingfueling, lubricating oradding chemicals willnot take place on-site(unless it is necessary)to avoid soil pollutionand generation ofadditional hazardouswastes

Containers of used


Hazardous WasteDisposal: 3500EGP/ton +transportation cost


of 314

Page 13 of 314


chemicals and oil willbe collected anddisposed in anapproved hazardouswastes facility

The hazardous liquidwaste will becollected in specificdrums andtransferred byauthorized companies

Noise Minimize the time ofexposure of workersto noise

Ensuring the use ofear plugs in the field

Training all theworkers before thecommencement ofconstruction activitiesabout this hazard andhow to avoid it

Constructionactivities will beminimized duringnight so as not todisturb thesurroundings

All machines and



of 314

Page 14 of 314


vehicles should beshut-off when notused

Traffic Congestion Using signs fordrivers before thecommencement ofany constructionactivities to informdrivers and ensurethe safety of theroads

Planning alternativeroutes when roads areobstructed

Choosing a locationfor temporary storageof constructionmaterials, equipment,tools, wastes andmachinery beforeconstruction so asnot to cause furthertraffic disruptions

Avoidingconstruction work atthe traffic peak timeswhenever possible

Prohibitinguncontrolled off road



of 314

Page 15 of 314


drivingEcology Vegetation clearance

should be limited asmuch as possible

Establishment of20m wideconstruction corridor

Movement ofvehicles should bemanaged to ensureminimal loss ofvegetation

Restoring the dugtrench-line to itsoriginal condition



Water Bodies/Wastewatergeneration

Acquire dischargepermits fromsewage/irrigationauthority

Liquid wastegenerated such aschemicals and sewageshould be collected insuitable tanks

The water resultingfrom the hydrostatictest of the pipelineshould be testedbefore being



Sampling cost: 6500EGP/ sample

of 314

Page 16 of 314


discharged in a waterbody or betransported directlyto the nearest watertreatment plant. Priorcoordination with theMinistry of WaterResources andIrrigation (MWRI)and the HoldingCompany for Waterand Wastewater isnecessary.

Hazards and Accidents An emergencypreparednessresponse plan, whichis already prepared byGASCO, will be inplace to giveinstructions aboutthe identification ofthe potentialoccurrence ofaccidents andemergency situationsthat may occurduring the pipelineconstruction andhow to respond to

GASCO HSEdepartment

GASCOHeadquarters

GASCO management cost(General Implementation/supervision cost)

of 314

Page 17 of 314


them to reduce therisks and impacts thatmay be associatedwith these emergencysituations

Soil / Land Use Restoring the land toits original conditionat the end of theconstruction phase toreduce the impactson the naturalhabitats.

Hazardous liquidshave to be handledcarefully in order toavoid the spilling orleaks to the ground

Contractor GASCOHeadquarters


Occupational Health andSafety

Ensure the adequateimplementation ofoccupational healthand safety provisionson-site such asproviding the personalprotective equipment(PPE) to the workers.

The site should beprovided by all theprotective and safetyrequirements


Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program


of 314

Page 18 of 314


stipulated by laborlaws and occupationalhealth.

Temporary land acquisitionand crop damage

RAP document prepared

Providing faircompensation to theland owners for theloss of crops.

GASCOCompensationCommittee

GASCO SocialDevelopmentOfficer

GASCOEnvironmentalDepartment

Estimated amount for cropcompensation according tothe RAP study

Permanent land acquisitionfor valve rooms (willingseller – willing buyerapproach)

Ensuring Providingfair market value tothe land owners forpurchasing the landfor the valve rooms



GASCO will purchasethe land under willingbuyer – willing sellerscheme

During OperationHazards and Accidents Scheduled patrolling

activities, inspectionand preventivemaintenanceactivities

Inspection willinclude any activitiesthat couldpotentially lead todamage in thepipeline

In case ofemergency, the

HSE departmentat GASCO (on-site section)

HSE departmentat GASCO(central unit andadministration)

GASCO management cost

of 314

Page 19 of 314


source of the leakwill be isolated untilthe maintenanceteam performs therequiredmaintenance

Signs will be postedover the pipelinepath showing thenumbers to be calledin case of emergency

Table 0-3 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operation phasesEnvironmental monitoring during construction

Impact MonitoringIndicators

Responsibility forImplementation

Supervision Frequency/Duration

Location Methods EstimatedCost

Airemissions

Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule

Contractor GASCOEnvironmental Officer

Quarterly Documentation office

Review ofschedule

13000EGP/month forGeneralimplementation andsupervisioncost

of 314

Page 20 of 314


Environmental monitoring during construction





Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators


Once beforeconstructioncommencement, thenquarterly foreach vehicle

Vehiclemaintenance site

Sampling ofexhaustemissions

10000EGP/sample

DustEmissions

Inspection oftheconstructionactivities


Daily Construction site

Siteobservation

Generalimplementation andsupervisioncost

Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamageincidents


Monthly Documentation office

Documentation in themonthly HSEreports andaccidents logs

•GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

•Cost ofinfrastructure damagewill vary

of 314

Page 21 of 314







according tothe type ofdamage.The costwill becharged onthecontractor.

Solid,Construction andhazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations


Weekly Construction site

Siteobservation

Generalimplementation/supervisioncost

On-sitesegregation ofhazardouswastecomponentsfromconstructionwastes and



Siteobservation

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

of 314

Page 22 of 314







other non-hazardouswastes

Quantities andtypes of wastegenerated



Recording ofdailytransportationstatistics andrecords fromthe wastedisposal sites

hazardouswastedisposal:3500EGP/ton+transportation cost

Noise

Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations


Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementpercontractor/sub-contractor

Construction site

Noiserecording,reporting inmonthlyreports

•GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

•SamplingCost: 5000EGP/sample

of 314

Page 23 of 314







Complaintsfromneighboringresidents



Assessment ofthe filedcomplaints


Use of earmuffsby Constructionworkers



Siteobservation


TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructedroadsobservation


Complaintsfromneighboring/affected




GeneralImplementation/supervision

of 314

Page 24 of 314







residents cost

Appropriateimplementationof themitigationsmeasuresagreed uponwith thecontractor


Monthly Construction site

Siteobservation


Ecology Minimizing theimpacts onvegetation anddisturbance ofnaturalhabits/domestic life along theroute of theproposedpipeline



Siteobservation


of 314

Page 25 of 314







Restoring thedug trench-lineto its originalcondition at theend of theconstructionphase


At the end oftheconstructionphase

Construction site

Siteobservation


Waterbodies/Wastewatergeneration

Oily appearanceor smell ofwastewaterstreams

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)


Continuousduringconstructionandhydrostatictesting

Construction site

Siteobservationand Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


of 314

Page 26 of 314







Wastewateranalysis afterhydrostatictesting

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)


Beforedischargingwastewater

Construction site

Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


Soil/LandUse

Recording anyspills orleakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upondetection ofany spillageor leakageincidence

Construction site

Siteobservation


of 314

Page 27 of 314







Surveying ofstructural statusof buildings andperforming soilinvestigations

Contractor(via thirdparty)

GASCOEnvironmental Officer

Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancyfirm for theaffected site(if any)

Structuralconsultancyfirm


The pipelineroute should berevisited andinvestigated atthe end of theconstructionphase to ensurethat the landhas beenrestored to itsoriginalconditionsbefore theproject



After end ofconstruction

Construction site

Siteinvestigation


of 314

Page 28 of 314







Occupational Healthand Safety

PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment.



Observation •GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

•TrainingCost: 6000EGP/training program

Temporarylandacquisitionand cropdamage

Complaints andgrievances fromPAPs about faircompensationand procedures

GASCOSocialDevelopment Officer

CompensationCommittee


Monthly Project Site

Documentation offices

Review list ofPAPs,meetings withthe PAPs,compensationreceipts,grievances,and follow upforms

Generalimplementation/supervision cost

of 314

Page 29 of 314







Permanentlandacquisitionfor valverooms(willingbuyer –willingseller)







Review list ofPAPs,contracts,grievances,and follow upforms

Generalimplementation/supervision cost

During operation

HazardsandAccidents

Patrollingreports forthe pipeline

GASCOinspectionDepartment

2 weeks, 1month or 6

months(Accordingto pipeline

ClassTable 2-3)

Pipelineroute

Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

Hazards andAccidents

of 314

Page 30 of 314







Regularinspection andmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment

Quarterly(Accordingto theinspectionandmaintenancetime plan)

Pipelineroute

Inspectionandmaintenance time plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADAsystem)

GASCOinspectiondepartment/ GASCOoperationdepartment

2 weeks, 1month or 6months(Accordingto theleakagesurveyschedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipelineroute anddocumentation office

LeakageSurveySchedule/operationallog

GASCOManagementcost

of 314

Page 31 of 314


Table of ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY _______________________________________________________________________ 2

INTRODUCTION 2APPROACH TO STUDY _________________________________________________________________________ 3PROJECT OVERVIEW __________________________________________________________________________ 3

Pipeline Route 3Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................................ 4Operation Phase............................................................................................................................................. 4

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES _______________________________________________________________________ 5POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______________________________________________________ 5ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) _____________________________________________ 10

TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________________________________________ 31

LIST OF TABLES ____________________________________________________________________________ 36

LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________________________ 39

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________________________________________________ 42

1 INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________________ 45

1.1 BACKGROUND _________________________________________________________________ 451.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW _____________________________________________________________ 461.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY _______________________________________________ 47

1.3.1 Approach to the Study.......................................................................................................... 471.3.2 Study Methodology .............................................................................................................. 471.3.3 Data Collection Methodology............................................................................................... 481.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations ................................................................................................. 49

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION _______________________________________________________________ 51

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND __________________________________________________________ 512.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS __________________________________________________________ 51

2.2.1 Pipeline Route....................................................................................................................... 512.2.2 Sensitive Receptors and Main Landmarks............................................................................ 532.2.3 Pipeline Specifications .......................................................................................................... 642.2.4 Pipeline Design Considerations ............................................................................................ 642.2.5 Valve Rooms......................................................................................................................... 65

2.3 ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________________________________________ 652.3.1 Right of Way Activities ......................................................................................................... 672.3.2 Ditching ................................................................................................................................ 672.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling ....................................................................................... 732.3.4 Hydrostatic Testing .............................................................................................................. 732.3.5 Dewatering........................................................................................................................... 742.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging.......................................................................... 742.3.7 Purging and Commissioning................................................................................................. 742.3.8 Pipeline Crossings ................................................................................................................. 742.3.9 Construction work in the valve room ................................................................................... 78

2.4 ACTIVITIES OF OPERATIONAL PHASE __________________________________________________ 78

of 314

Page 32 of 314


2.4.1 Pipeline Patrolling ................................................................................................................ 792.4.2 Leakage Survey..................................................................................................................... 802.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) ................................................. 80

2.5 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION________________________________________________________ 802.5.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................................... 802.5.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................................... 81

2.6 WASTE GENERATION ____________________________________________________________ 812.6.1 During Construction Phase ................................................................................................... 812.6.2 During Operation Phase ....................................................................................................... 82

2.7 THE EXPECTED TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT EXECUTION ______________________________________ 82

3 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ___________________________________________ 83

3.1 PREFACE_____________________________________________________________________ 833.2 NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ______________________________________ 833.3 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS IN EGYPT _____________________________ 85

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015) ......................................... 853.3.2 Waste Management Regulations......................................................................................... 883.3.3 Water and Wastewater Management Regulations ............................................................. 893.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation ..................................................... 923.3.5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement................................................................... 923.3.6 Law no. 94/2003, Protection of communities Human Rights Laws...................................... 933.3.7 Work environment and occupational health and safety ...................................................... 933.3.8 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988.......................................................................................... 943.3.9 Natural Protectorates Law Number 102/1983..................................................................... 953.3.10 Traffic Related Laws ............................................................................................................. 953.3.11 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatory.............................................. 96

3.4 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES __________________________________________________ 963.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment .................................................................................. 983.4.2 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources.................................................................................. 983.4.3 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement..................................................................................... 983.4.4 OP 17.50 – Disclosure........................................................................................................... 98

3.5 GAP ANALYSIS FOR KEY EGYPTIAN AND WB ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ____________________________ 983.5.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................ 993.5.2 Water Quality..................................................................................................................... 1003.5.3 Noise...................................................................................................................................1013.5.4 Land acquisition issues ....................................................................................................... 104

4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ___________________________________ 106

4.1.1 Site Location ....................................................................................................................... 1064.1.2 Project Area........................................................................................................................ 1074.1.3 Climate and Meteorology...................................................................................................1104.1.4 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 1154.1.5 Noise...................................................................................................................................1204.1.6 Geology .............................................................................................................................. 1224.1.7 Soils ....................................................................................................................................1244.1.8 Topography and Terrain.....................................................................................................1274.1.9 Water: Availability and Quality .......................................................................................... 1284.1.10 Ecology and Biodiversity.....................................................................................................135

of 314

Page 33 of 314


4.1.11 Socio-economic profile ....................................................................................................... 1444.1.12 Social Land Use of the route............................................................................................... 1474.1.13 Social Concerns................................................................................................................... 149

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS _______________________________________________ 152

5.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS _____________________________________________________________ 1525.1.1 During the construction phase ........................................................................................... 1525.1.2 During the operation phase ............................................................................................... 153

5.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ____________________________________________________________ 1535.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts ....................... 1535.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation....................................................................1605.2.3 Affected parties .................................................................................................................. 1635.2.4 Summary of the expected environmental impacts............................................................. 164

5.3 IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE RANKING ___________________________________________________ 1665.3.1 Ranking Methodology ........................................................................................................ 1665.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project Construction.............................. 1675.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project Operation ............................................... 167

6 ALTERNATIVES ____________________________________________________________________ 169

6.1 THE “NO ACTION” ALTERNATIVE ___________________________________________________ 1696.2 PIPELINE INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES _____________________________________ 169

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies.....................................................................................................1696.2.2 Open-Cut Method............................................................................................................... 170

6.3 ROUTING ALTERNATIVES _________________________________________________________ 170

7 MITIGATION MEASURES ____________________________________________________________ 174

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________________ 1747.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust Emissions ............................................................ 1747.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions...................................................... 1747.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration 1747.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Use .....................................................................1767.1.5 Damage to Existing Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 1767.1.6 Noise...................................................................................................................................1777.1.7 Management of Traffic Disruptions ................................................................................... 1777.1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological Impacts................................................................ 1787.1.9 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation .............. 1787.1.10 Occupational Health and Safety......................................................................................... 1787.1.11 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ............................................................... 1787.1.12 Management of Street Restoration after asphalt breaking ............................................... 1797.1.13 Management of Community health and safety .................................................................1797.1.14 Management of impacts related to temporary land acquisition ....................................... 1807.1.15 Management of impacts related to permanent land acquisition (valve rooms)................ 1817.1.16 Management of impacts related to the temporary land use of workers camps ................ 1817.1.17 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance RedressMechanisms) 182

7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE ____________________________ 1857.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ............................................................... 185

of 314

Page 34 of 314


7.2.2 Energy Use.......................................................................................................................... 187

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP)PLAN (ESMP) _ 188

8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMP _______________________________________________________ 1888.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION ___________________________________ 188

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency......................................1908.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency.................................................... 193

8.3 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE _________________ 1958.3.1 Management of Air Quality................................................................................................ 1958.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation ........................... 1958.3.3 Management of Land Use ..................................................................................................1958.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing Infrastructure ........................... 1968.3.5 Management of Noise Production ..................................................................................... 1968.3.6 Management of Traffic Congestion ................................................................................... 1968.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................ 1968.3.8 Management of the Ecological System .............................................................................. 1968.3.9 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation ....................................................... 1968.3.10 Monitoring Activities Table ................................................................................................ 196

8.4 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE ____________________ 2158.4.1 Management of Hazards and Accidents ............................................................................ 2158.4.2 Monitoring Activities Table ................................................................................................ 216

9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION _______________________________ 219

9.1 DEFINING RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS _________________________________________________ 2199.2 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY AND ACTIVITIES ________________________________________ 2219.3 SCOPING CONSULTATION EVENT ____________________________________________________ 2229.4 SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION EVENT _______________________________________________ 227

REFERENCES______________________________________________________________________________ 235

ANNEXES ________________________________________________________________________________ 236

ANNEX 1: PIPELINE ROUTE MAP _______________________________________________________________ 236ANNEX 2: GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS __________________________________________________________ 237ANNEX 3: TIMELINE PLAN OF THE PROJECT ________________________________________________________ 264ANNEX 4: A) BASELINE MEASUREMENTS __________________________________________________________ 266

1. INTRODUCTION____________________________________________________________________ 269

1.1 OBJECTIVES__________________________________________________________________ 2691.2 SCOPE OF WORK ______________________________________________________________ 269

1.2.1 Water Quality..................................................................................................................... 269

2. LEGISLATION AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK __________________________________________ 270

2.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________________ 2702.1.1 Discharge to Public Sewer Network ................................................................................... 2702.1.2 Discharge to the River Nile and its waterways...................................................................2712.1.3 International Standards .....................................................................................................2752.1.3.1. Surface water Standards ....................................................................................................275

3. METHODOLOGY ___________________________________________________________________ 277

of 314

Page 35 of 314


3.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________________ 277

4. RESULTS__________________________________________________________________________ 280

4.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________________ 2804.1.1 Surface Water .................................................................................................................... 280

5. CONCLUSION______________________________________________________________________ 282

6. REFERENCES ______________________________________________________________________ 283

ANNEX 5: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN __________________________________________________________ 284ANNEX 6: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ______________________________________________________ 285ANNEX 7: GRIEVANCE FORM __________________________________________________________________ 286ANNEX 8: SCOPING SESSION PARTICIPANTS LIST _____________________________________________________ 287ANNEX 9: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS LIST _________________________________________________ 293ANNEX 10: APPLYING THE RATING MATRIX METHOD TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION ANDOPERATION PHASES ________________________________________________________________________ 297

of 314

Page 36 of 314


List of TablesTable 0-1 -Environmental Impact Rating Summary............................................................... 6

Table 0-2 -Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)..............................................10

Table 0-3 -Monitoring indicators and responsibility during construction and operationphases...................................................................................................................................................19

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project ..........................................................................49

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during construction .......................................66

Table 2-2 - General natural gas composition of the national network ......................................79

Table 2-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCO........................................................................80

Table 3-1 - Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the ExecutiveRegulations amended in 2012) .........................................................................................................85

Table 3-2 - Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 ofthe Executive Regulations amended in 2012 .................................................................................86

Table 3-3 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel(Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ....................................87

Table 3-4 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012).................................................87

Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 ofthe Executive Regulations, Table 3) ................................................................................................ 88

Table 3-6 -standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial wastewater can be discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982) ...............................................90

Table 3-7 -standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system(Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) .......................................................................................... 91

Table 3-8 - Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 ofthe Executive Regulations) ...............................................................................................................93

Table 3-9 - Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 ofExecutive Regulations) ......................................................................................................................94

Table 3-10 - World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the project.............................................................................................................................................................. 97

Table 3-11 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards .......99

Table 3-12 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality ..................100

Table 3-13 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system....................................101

of 314

Page 37 of 314


Table 3-14: Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient Noise .................101

Table 3-15 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements ......................102

Table 3-16 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WBrequirements .....................................................................................................................................102

Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature .............................................................111

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative Humidity ...........................................................112

Table 4-3 - Monthly mean annual precipitation values ..............................................................113

Table 4-4 - Monthly mean values of wind speed.........................................................................114

Table 4-5 - One hour average results (μg/m3) beside Al-Anania waste water station inDamietta. ...........................................................................................................................................119

Table 4-6 one hour average results (µg/m3) in El Khalifa residential area in Damietta. ......119

Table 4-7 - Ambient Noise levels during daytime at Al-Anania ...............................................120

Table 4-8 - Ambient Noise Levels during night at Al-Anania...................................................120

Table 4-9 - Ambient Noise Levels during daytime at Al-Khalifa .............................................121

Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise levels during night at Al-Khalifa .................................................121

Table 4-11 - Soil Productivity in Damietta...................................................................................127

Table 4-12 – Coordinates of Pipeline intersection with Nile River..........................................129

Table 4-13: Surface water sample analysis results .......................................................................132

Table 4-14 - Red List Species of Egypt.........................................................................................135

Table 4-15 -Keybird species in Damietta .....................................................................................138

Table 4-16 - Population and income description (Income and Expenditure Survey,CAPMAS, 2013)...............................................................................................................................147

Table 5-1Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction andoperation phases of the project......................................................................................................164

Table 5-2 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts....................................166

Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on the pipeline,and the frequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows: Table 7-1Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency .....................................................................................185

Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phase ............198

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction....................................................205

Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phase..................217

of 314

Page 38 of 314


Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation Phase....218

Table 9-1 Main stakeholders identified for the project ..............................................................220

Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by profession...............................................................224

Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the scoping session ..........................226

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by Profession ..............................................................228

Table 2-1 Permissible Limits for Discharge to Public Sewer (Article 14, Decree 44/2000) 271

Table 2-2Criteria for treated industrial discharges to canals (A61, D8/1983, Law 48/1982)............................................................................................................................................................271

Table 2-3 Criteria for surface water quality into which treated industrial effluent aredischarged to (article 49 , D 92 / 2013, Law 48/1982) ..............................................................274

Table 3-1 methods used for water analysis ..................................................................................278

Table 4-1 Surface water samples analysis results .........................................................................280

Table 6-1 - Impact assessment for construction stage environmental aspects .......................297

Table 6-2 - Impact assessment for operation stage environmental aspects ............................302

of 314

Page 39 of 314


List of FiguresFigure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline ..............................................49

Figure 2-1 -El Gamil - Damietta pipeline location and route......................................................52

Figure 2-2 - El Gamil - Damietta pipeline location and route highlighting the crossing at theroute’s end...........................................................................................................................................52

Figure 2-3 -Valve room number 2 - Port Fouad / Tina pipeline 42” ........................................53

Figure 2-4 -The route traverses Port Said/ Damietta road.......................................................... 54

Figure 2-5 - The route passes the Coastal International Road ....................................................55

Figure 2-6 - The line extends along the Coastal road until Manzala lake ..................................56

Figure 2-7 - Fish Farming area at Manzala lake (extending 29 kms) ..........................................57

Figure 2-8 - Service rooms at fish farming area.............................................................................58

Figure 2-9 - The route extends to the south west parallel to pressure lines behind AhmedShollah hamlet ....................................................................................................................................59

Figure 2-10 - The route traverses Salam Canal ..............................................................................59

Figure 2-11 - The route heads North West parallel to the pressure lines beside el Khalifahamlet...................................................................................................................................................60

Figure 2-12 - The route traverses Farskour / Mansoura road near the Nile river close toBostan Water treatment plant ..........................................................................................................61

Figure 2-13 - The route traverses the Nile at Hourani area (housing area) ............................... 62

Figure 2-14 - The line traverses the Nile River reaching valve room no. 13 at Kafr Battikh .63

Figure 2-15 - End of the route at Idku/Damietta line at Kafr Battikh area.............................. 63

Figure 2-16 - Ditching in various types of soils.............................................................................69

Figure 2-17 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above theproposed NG pipeline....................................................................................................................... 71

Figure 2-18 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below theproposed NG pipeline....................................................................................................................... 72

Figure 2-19 - Auger Boring...............................................................................................................76

Figure 2-20 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique ............................................................ 77

Figure 2-21 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique ...................................................................78

Figure 2-22 -Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique ............................................................. 78

of 314

Page 40 of 314


Figure 4-1 - Site Location ...............................................................................................................106

Figure 4-2 - Fish Farms - Location 3 & 4 on Map......................................................................107

Figure 4-3 - Location of Damietta and Port Said Governorates ..............................................108

Figure 4-4 - The location and administrative divisions of Damietta governorate..................109

Figure 4-5 - Location and administrative divisions of Port Said governorate ........................110

Figure 4-6 - World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification showing Damietta andPort Said ............................................................................................................................................111

Figure 4-7 - Wind rose for Damietta/Port Said region ..............................................................115

Figure 4-8 - Location map for Anania in the governorate.........................................................117

Figure 4-9 – Monitoring location at Anania water treatment plant ..........................................117

Figure 4-10 - Location map for El Khalifa in the governorate. ................................................118

Figure 4-11 - Monitoring location at Khalifa residential village................................................118

Figure 4-12 - Geological Map for Port-Said ................................................................................124

Figure 4-13 - Egypt Soil Classification..........................................................................................125

Figure 4-14 - Soil Classification in Nile Delta and Valley ..........................................................126

Figure 4-15 - Topography Map in Egypt......................................................................................128

Figure 4-16 – Location of pipeline intersection with Nile .........................................................129

Figure 4-17 - Location of Canals and Drains in Damietta.........................................................134

Figure 4-18 -Important Bird Areas of Egypt ...............................................................................139

Figure 4-19 - Left: Phalacrocorax Carbo, Right: Larus Ridibundus .........................................139

Figure 4-20 -Felis chaus ..................................................................................................................140

Figure 4-21 - Caretta caretta ...........................................................................................................140

Figure 4-22 -Left: Calligonum comosum, Right: Phragmites australis.....................................141

Figure 4-23 -Left: Pistia stratiotes, Right: Nymphaea lotus .......................................................141

Figure 4-24 - Protected Areas of Egypt........................................................................................142

Figure 4-25 –Proximity of Protectorate to Pipeline....................................................................143

Figure 4-26 - Route of the pipeline passing through Damietta and Port Said governorates 144

Figure 4-27 - Administrative Map of Damietta Governorate ...................................................145

Figure 4-28 - Administrative map of Port Said Governorate....................................................146

of 314

Page 41 of 314


Figure 4-29 - Port Said / Damietta Road .....................................................................................147

Figure 4-30 - Fish farming areas at Manzala lake ........................................................................148

Figure 4-31 - Cultivated areas at Damietta Governorate ...........................................................148

Figure 4-32 - An interview with one of the PAPs.......................................................................149

Figure 4-33 - Internal streets at the route of the pipeline ..........................................................150

Figure 4-34 - Photo collection during conducting the field work.............................................151

Figure 7-1 Grievance Form ............................................................................................................185

Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO......................................................189

Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power...................................................191

Figure 8-3 - GASCO OHSE organizational chart ......................................................................192

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing the public consultation session...221

Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines ..............................................................222

Figure 9-3 - Newspaper ad for the scoping session ....................................................................223

Figure 9-4 - Panel of Speakers........................................................................................................225

Figure 9-5 - Eng. Ibrahim presenting the route of the pipeline ................................................225

Figure 9-6 - Environmental Expert during the presentation.....................................................225

Figure 9-7 - Participants of the scoping session ..........................................................................225

Figure 9-8 - Social expert during the presentation ......................................................................225

Figure 9-9 - Public Consultation Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper ....228

Figure 9-10 - Panel of speakers ......................................................................................................230

Figure 9-11 - Participants of the session.......................................................................................230

Figure 9-12 - Presentation of the Environmental expert ...........................................................230

Figure 9-13 - Presentation of the Social expert ...........................................................................230



Figure 3-1 surface water ..................................................................................................................277

of 314

Page 42 of 314


List of AbbreviationsANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

BP Bank Procedure

CAA Competent Administrative Authority

dB Decibel

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company

EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation

EHS Environmental Health and Safety

EM Environmental Management

EMS Environmental Management System

EMU Environmental Management Unit

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GARBLT General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport

GASCO The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

of 314

Page 43 of 314


HC Hydrocarbons

HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

HSE Health and Safety Environment

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IFC International Finance Corporation

ILO International Labor Organization

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

LAeq Equivalent noise level; the average acoustic pressure at the level ofmeasurement

LCpeak Peak sound pressure level

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MMSCMD Million Metric Standard Cubic Meters per Day

NGO Non-governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

of 314

Page 44 of 314


R.O.W Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

TSP Total Suspended Particles

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WB World Bank

of 314

Page 45 of 314


1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe current Egyptian strategy aims to increase the amount of electricity generation in powerplants to meet the increasing energy demand in the residential and industrial sector. Most ofthe power plants operate using fossil fuels, and it is the country’s role to determine the typeand source of fuel to be used.

Compared to other fossil fuel types, Natural Gas is considered a cleaner fossil fuel.Additionally, after the new successful gas explorations in the Mediterranean, Egypt isexpecting the abundance of natural gas to be used for the different sectors including powergeneration.. Therefore, Natural Gas was selected as the main fuel source for most of thepower plants throughout the country.

The main entity responsible for the management of the natural gas in Egypt is the Ministryof Petroleum. The Ministry’s responsibility starts with the excavation projects for new fieldsand continues with the discovery, processing, transportation and delivery of gas to thedifferent users (residential, industrial and power production sectors) with the aim ofsatisfying the local requirements of natural gas. The Egyptian Natural Gas Company(GASCO) was established in March 1997 with its main mission is natural gas transmission &Distribution according to the plan of the Ministry of Petroleum.

One of the projects implemented to support the generation of electricity in Egypt is the EG-Giza North Power Project, which is financed by the World Bank. The aim of the project isto contribute towards improving the security and efficiency of electricity supply to thedifferent users by adding new generation capacity based on the most efficient thermal powergeneration capacity. To achieve this objective, the project has three main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250 MWCombined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the power plantto the national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipelines to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure gas supply gas to the power plant.

After the completion of the procurement of all the packages financed by the Bank, therewere financial savings available as part of the project to be utilized by the Government ofEgypt. The World Bank received formal request from the Government of Egypt to utilizethe savings from the Giza North Power Plant project to procure pipelines required forupgrading the Natural Gas pipeline network in order to enable the connection to new andexisting power plants. The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCO and arecomposed of 9 pipelines, namely:

of 314

Page 46 of 314


1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km)2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni Suef

Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th of

October power station)5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez Thermal Power

Station)7. Soumid import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)

GASCO has prepared an updated ESIA for the gas pipeline which addressed the generalimpacts which are expected from the construction and operation of all the gas pipelines. Theupdated ESIA required that a site specific ESIA including a site specific ESMP should beprepared to provide detailed assessment, mitigation measures and monitoring activities alongthe subject route. The updated ESIA was disclosed in Egypt and internationally on theWorld Bank infoshop on February 2016.

This ESIA is studying the environmental and social impacts of the El Gamil-Damietta Pipeline.

1.2 Project OverviewThe focus of this study is the El Gamil-Damietta Pipeline, which is one of the 9 pipelinesproposed to be implemented by GASCO. The aim of this pipeline is to expand the networkand support the connection to the northern consumers and Burullus Power Station..

The planned path will mainly pass through two governorates; Damietta and Port Said, aswell as many crossings such as main roads, ElSalam canal and agricultural lands, therefore,the pipeline may potentially cause disruptions to sites of general cultural or ecologicalimportance along the path.

The construction and laying down of the pipeline is usually done through digging trenches,except in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where the HorizontalDirectional Drilling (HDD) technology will mostly be used. The planned path will mainlypass through coastal sand areas, agricultural lands, and waterways therefore, the pipeline maypotentially cause disruptions to sites of general cultural importance along the path.

EcoConServ has been awarded the consultancy service for the preparation of anEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including a Resettlement Action

of 314

Page 47 of 314


Plan(RAP) for the project of El Gamil-Damietta pipeline. The ESIA examines the potentialenvironmental and social impacts expected from the proposed project activities on thesurrounding areas, and the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure theelimination or reduction of any possible adverse effects.

1.3 Study Approach and Methodology

1.3.1 Approach to the Study

The ESIA is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Egyptian EnvironmentalAffairs Agency (EEAA) for the Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the oil andgas sector projects, and the relevant World Bank (WB) Environmental and Social Safeguardoperational policies and the Environmental Health and Safety guidelines.

1.3.2 Study Methodology

The study preparation is done according the following methodology:

Obtaining the information and documents available regarding the project andfamiliarization with the project objectives.

Conduct site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding thecurrent environmental and social situation.

Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the community anddifferent stakeholders in the process of the identification of the environmental andsocial aspects that should be taken into consideration during the study preparation.

Reviewing the relevant national and international legislation and regulations relevantto the scope of the project.

Assess the potential environmental and social impacts associated with proposedproject activities.

Develop a screening criteria for the characterization of the potential impacts andidentifying the most important environmental and social impacts

Analyzing the project alternatives with the potential of minimizing the environmentalhealth and safety risks.

Proposing mitigation measures for the expected environmental and social impacts ofthe project.

Preparing an environmental and social management plan for the mitigation of thepotential negative impacts and monitoring the compliance with the relevantenvironmental laws.

of 314

Page 48 of 314


Holding the Second and final public consultation session to present the findings ofthe study to the community and stakeholders, and assess their perception of theproject and any concerns or issues raised during the session.

Production of comprehensive ESIA study.

1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology

1.3.3.1 Data concerning the path and surrounding areasThe data required for the report preparation were gathered through meetings with GASCOdetailing the route path and crossings, in addition to the engineering details of the pipelinelines, construction and operation activities, and governmental approvals. Other project-specific data were gathered from the site visit conducted to inspect the land use in the areassurrounding the pipeline route. The site visit was conducted in a way to cover as much areaas possible along the pipeline path designed by GASCO, through moving on the roadsadjacent to the path whenever possible.

A preliminary desk review and study of the maps with the designed pipeline path was carriedout to identify the potential sensitive receptors around the project site, and during the visit,the sensitive receptors were confirmed and the baseline measurements (Air quality andnoise) were conducted. Also, during the site visit, the study team had several stops tophotograph areas of importance around the proposed pipeline locations and identify thedifferent flora and fauna species which will potentially be affected by the projectimplantation.

Data concerning the meteorological conditions, soil topography and geology as well as wateravailability and quality were collected through desk review of recent studies done in the areaof the path.

1.3.3.2 Social Project-related DataEcoConServ has adopted a multistage analysis strategy, several data collection methods andtools were applied using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal approach. This approach ensuresthat local community groups participated to the study. Data was collected in coordinationwith relevant stakeholders including local administration units (district and village levels) andthe local NGO’s.

The consultant has also reviewed relevant secondary data sources such as: studies, reportsand previous literature. The research team has conducted several field visits to assess thebaseline conditions.

A number of qualitative data collection tools were applied to ensure different communitygroups participated to the study. The applied methodology in the social impact assessmentcan be summarized as follows:

of 314

Page 49 of 314


Figure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline

1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations

Stakeholder’s analysis is one of the tools that helped the consultant identify relevant groupsof stakeholders and their interest in the project as which may facilitate different projectactivities. Stakeholder’s analysis is an important tool at the initial stages of the project whichmight contribute to define and mitigate several negative impacts at an early stage.Stakeholder’s can help enhance the social benefits related to the project at the localcommunity level.

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the projectStakeholders group Roles

GASCO Is the owner of the project, the main government authorityconcerned with supervising the project activities andimplementation of the project.

EEAA Is the authority responsible for approving the ESIA study as

19 interviewsAgricultural cooperativesFishing AuthorityPetroleum CompaniesNGOsWater Surface AuthorityGovernorateEnvironment department

Government entities

35 interviews50 questionnairesFarmersCommunity members attarget villagesFishermen at the fish farmsOwners of fish farmsOwners of Commercialentities (shops, chickenfarms .. etc)

Local Community

Interviews withGASCO staff

GASCO

of 314

Page 50 of 314


part of the implementation requirements.

EEAA regional office inEast Delta region

Environment department is responsible for monitoring theimplementation of ESMP.

Local Governmental Unitsat main and satellitevillages

Are responsible for providing and financing infrastructureservices at local areas. They are also able to coordinate amongdifferent development projects and initiatives.

Natural leaders at the localcommunity

The main stakeholders, they have the experience and theknowledge and they have a strong impact on the localcommunity especially at rural areas.

Beneficiaries (PowerStations)

Are the main beneficiaries from the project, may be subject tosome positive/negative impacts. They play a significant role inproject success and sustainability.

NGO’s Participating in providing capacity building activities andsupporting the local community finding alternative livelihoodopportunities during construction. They can also play a role indisclosure of the compensation procedures.

Agricultural cooperatives They are responsible for providing the prices of the cropsduring the valuation process as well as provide data about theland owners and rent during the census survey.

of 314

Page 51 of 314


2 Project Description2.1 Project BackgroundThe proposed project is as an integral part of the country's energy strategy which calls forgreater use of natural gas. This initiative will contribute to achieving the government plan forextending natural gas usage to help meet the increasing demand in the power sector. Thisproject will have a significant role in delivering the natural gas to Damietta Governorate andthe northern consumers.

2.2 Project Components

2.2.1 Pipeline RouteThe route starts from an existing room on Port Fouad-El Tina gas pipeline which lies nearfrom Petrobel Company. Then the pipeline crosses Port Said - Damietta road, and extends 3km in the western direction in silty sand soil parallel to Port Said - Damietta road from itssouthern direction. The pipeline then moves in the south west direction for 2 km to crossPort Said - Damietta road and the International Coastal Road. The pipeline then moves westto extend parallel to the International Coastal Road on the borders of Manzala Lake (thetotal length of this segment is 29 km).

After that it extends one km towards west through agricultural land, then it extends in thesouth west direction parallel to high voltage electricity towers behind Ahmad Shulah farm.Then it intersects with el Salam Canal, and extends in the North West direction parallel againto high voltage electricity towers passing beside El-Khalifa village. After that, it extendstowards west to reach El-Hawarany area and intersecting with Mansoura Faraskour road andriver Nile near to El-bostan water treatment plant (the total length of this segment is 21kms). The pipeline then reaches to an existing valve room “number 13” on Idku-Damiettagas pipeline in Kafr el Battikh city with total length 50 km.

The figures below show the pipeline location and route, and it is also presented in Annex 1.In total, there are 20 main crossings, 7 with roads, 5 with canals, 7 with drains and one withriver Nile. Along the whole route, the pipeline will be located underground. The technicaldetails of the pipeline and valve room will be presented in the following sub-sections.

of 314

Page 52 of 314


Figure 2-1 -El Gamil - Damietta pipeline location and route

Figure 2-2 - El Gamil - Damietta pipeline location and route highlighting the crossing at theroute’s end

End pointof the Route

Start pointof the route

River Nile

of 314

Page 53 of 314


2.2.2 Sensitive Receptors and Main LandmarksThe following figures present the main landmarks observed during the site visits conductedby the study team. In addition, the main sensitive receptors in the pipeline route werehighlighted during the site visits, and also presented in the figures below.

Figure 2-3 -Valve room number 2 - Port Fouad / Tina pipeline 42”

of 314

Page 54 of 314


Figure 2-4 -The route traverses Port Said/ Damietta road

of 314

Page 55 of 314


Figure 2-5 - The route passes the Coastal International Road

of 314

Page 56 of 314


Figure 2-6 - The line extends along the Coastal road until Manzala lake

of 314

Page 57 of 314


Figure 2-7 - Fish Farming area at Manzala lake (extending 29 kms)

of 314

Page 58 of 314


Figure 2-8 - Service rooms at fish farming area

of 314

Page 59 of 314


Figure 2-10 - The route traverses Salam Canal

Figure 2-9 - The route extends to the south west parallel to pressure lines behind AhmedShollah hamlet

of 314

Page 60 of 314


Figure 2-11 - The route heads North West parallel to the pressure lines beside el Khalifahamlet

of 314

Page 61 of 314


Figure 2-12 - The route traverses Farskour / Mansoura road near the Nile river close toBostan Water treatment plant

of 314

Page 62 of 314


Figure 2-13 - The route traverses the Nile at Hourani area (housing area)

of 314

Page 63 of 314


Figure 2-14 - The line traverses the Nile River reaching valve room no. 13 at Kafr Battikh

Figure 2-15 - End of the route at Idku/Damietta line at Kafr Battikh area

of 314

Page 64 of 314


2.2.3 Pipeline Specifications Length: 50 km Diameter: 42” Thickness

o Line Class 4: 0.938o Line Class 3:0.750o Line Class 2: 0.625

Material: APL 5L X60 Maximum operating pressure: 70 bar Pipeline capacity: 35 MMSCMD

2.2.4 Pipeline Design ConsiderationsThe pipeline shall be designed, constructed and tested in general accordance with ASMEB31.8 along with the other relevant codes and standards adopted by GASCO in its designsin addition to any other additional local regulations. Thus, it will be free from significantdefects. The following standards will be followed:

The pipeline should be protected against rust and corrosion. The pipeline should be protected against external trespass. The pipeline should not be adversely influenced by ground movement, as a result of

natural or human activities. Modification, maintenance and repair of the pipeline should be carried out in such a

way that doesn’t negatively affect its safety measures.

In addition, the following codes and standards will be followed for the design of thedifferent pipeline components

API 5L for line pipes API 6D for valves ANSI B 16.9 and MSS SP 75 for fittings ANSI B 16.5 and MSS SP 44 for flanges ASME B 31.8 and GASCO local regulations for construction and pipeline design.

Moreover, the pipeline design takes into consideration the location class of the pipelinesaccording to the population density along the pipeline route as will be shown later in thischapter. The location class is also used to determine the patrolling activity to be conductedon the site.

of 314

Page 65 of 314


2.2.5 Valve RoomsValve rooms will be constructed so as to control the flow of the natural gas through thepipeline. Such control can be applied by changing the percentage opening of the valves, orby changing the path of the natural gas by operating the bypass valves. The main technicaldata of the valve rooms are:

Number of Valve Rooms: 4 Room Area:

o Room 1: 40*60 m2

o Room 2, 3: 45*25 m2

o Room 4: Inside Kafr El-Battikh room Operation conditions: temperature varies between 25°C-38°C

2.3 Activities of Construction PhaseConstruction will be carried out by qualified and approved contractors under thesupervisions and monitoring of GASCO. The work will broadly be split into the followingphases:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging& commissioning.

of 314

Page 66 of 314


• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and electriccomponents).

The following table shows the types of equipment to be used in the construction phase. Theexact number of equipment used will be specified by the contractor during the constructionphase.

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during constructionEquipmentNo.

Double Cabin Car1

Double Cabin Car 4*42

Pick Up3

Bus (26 Persons)4

Puller5

Generator 200-250 K.V6

Crane 50 Ton.7

Side Boom D88

Pipe welder9

Pipe Carrier10

Welding Machine11

Low Bed12

Water Tank Car13

Solar Tank Car14

Agriculture Excavator15

Truck16

Excavator17

of 314

Page 67 of 314


EquipmentNo.

Loader18

Bulldozer D819

Trailer20

Compressor21

Sand Plaster22

Cement Mixer23

Boom Excavator24

Ambulance25

Equipment carrier26

2.3.1 Right of Way ActivitiesGASCO will manage its access for the Right of Way (R.O.W) through governmental permitsfrom the relevant ministries/organizations. Annex 2 presents a copy of some of the localpermits obtained so far. The contractor will then implement the R.O.W activities to clear anyobstacles that may interrupt the excavation activities. The contractor will be keen to avoidunnecessary damage to crops or neighbor buildings during R.O.W, and he will beresponsible for compensating any damages. The contractor shall also use warning signs inthe work area to protect persons, automotive vehicles…etc.

No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and is under operation.although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW (2*2 m inurban areas and 6*2 meters in rural areas from the center of the pipeline).

2.3.2 DitchingBefore any excavation activities, the contractor shall coordinate with the different authoritiesto determine the existing infrastructure in the project’s area (e.g. water lines, sewage lines,electrical cables and telecommunication lines)so as to avoid any undue damage. In case oflacking sufficient information on the available infrastructure, the contractor will carefullyexcavate a trial pit.

of 314

Page 68 of 314


In case of the asphalt roads, an excavator will be used to remove the asphalt layers. Thecontractor shall excavate the trench in which the pipeline is to be laid with the followingdimensions with a possibility of having 10% excess where required by works in some areas

Depth to the pipe top elevation below the general ground levelo 1 m for all land types other than rocky landso 0.7 m for rocky lands.

Width of trencho Pipe outside diameter “with coating” + 0.4 m

Angle of trencho Rocky area- vertically cuto Compacted soil - 40° to verticalo Running soil - 70° to vertical

The following figure illustrates how to dig trenches for various types of soils. The ditchbottom shall be uniformly and carefully graded and be free from coarse rocks solid objectswhich could negatively affect the pipeline coating. Due to its criticality, quality controlchecks will be applied from GASCO and the contractor for this issue.

of 314

Page 69 of 314


Figure 2-16 - Ditching in various types of soils

of 314

Page 70 of 314


At locations with irregular ground elevations, additional excavation may be applied to avoidundue bending of the pipe. In addition, and in case of having crossing with otherunderground infrastructure lines/cables, the trench shall be deepened so that the pipeline beinstalled below or above the existing lines/cables in accordance with the following figures.

of 314

Page 71 of 314


Figure 2-17 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above the proposed NG pipeline

of 314

Page 72 of 314


Figure 2-18 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below the proposed NG pipeline

of 314

Page 73 of 314


2.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench BackfillingAfter ditching, the pipes can be laid in the trench. The pipes “originally coated with polyethylene”are generally stored and stacked in a devoted area in a way that ensures their protection from anyeffects that may damage the pipes or their coatings. In addition, the contractor will set qualitycontrol procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes for the same reason. The pipesare welded together, and a quality control test using x-rays will be applied to ensure the weldingeffectiveness. In addition, the uncoated parts of the pipes (at the end parts to be welded) are coatedon site, and the coating layer is tested using a “holiday test” before starting the pipeline laying. Suchtests will be implemented by the contractor and re-checked by GASCO.

As discussed above, the bottom of the trench is cleaned of any rocks or solid objects which maydamage the pipeline. In addition, the trench shall be laid on a fine sieved sand layer of a minimumdepth of 20 cm. Wide nonabrasive belts will be used while lowering the pipeline to the trench, andthe contractor will carefully remove the belts from around the coated pipes. In case of any damagecaused to the pipes’ coating during the lowering operation, the contractor will repair such damagebefore laying the pipe in the ditch. The pipeline lowering shall be undertaken in the presence ofGASCO representatives.

The trench shall be backfilled within 48 hours after lowering the pipeline. As was the case with thelayer below the pipeline, the initial backfill will be to a minimum height 20 cm. of fine sieved sand toprotect the pipeline. The backfill will be then compacted by wet sand layers of 15 cm thickness, sothat the total height is not less than 20 cm above the adjacent ground level.

On the other hand, and in case of the trenches being dug in roads, backfilling shall be carried outimmediately after the pipeline has been laid in the same technique shown above. The maindifference is that the finished backfilling level will be the same as the road level. After that, thecontractor will work on restoring the road surface to its original status. In all cases, cathodicprotection system will be applied to the pipeline and valves. Appropriate signage and communitysafety measures will be in place in addition to covering or safeguarding any open trenches that arenot promptly filled.

2.3.4 Hydrostatic TestingTo ensure that the pipeline can withstand pressures high than the operating natural gas pipeline, thenatural gas flow will not be started before applying the hydrostatic pressure test. The test isconducted by introducing pressurized water into the pipeline (150% of operating pressure) for 24hours and checking whether there are any pressure losses. This will be detected by the pressurerecording instrument connected to the pipeline during the test.

The water used in the test shall be clean fresh water and free from any substance which may beharmful to pipe material (including high levels of salinity). The water to be used in the hydrostatictest of this project will be sourced from river Nile – Damietta branch. A filter of sufficient capacity

of 314

Page 74 of 314


shall be accordingly installed between the water source and the suction side of the pump.Hydrostatic testing must be followed by dewatering and gauging.

Before introducing the water, A 'bi-directional pig' is placed in the beginning of the pipeline. Thenthe pipeline is filled with fresh clean water, where the 'bi-directional pig' will be is moving in theentering water direction, and comes out from the other side guaranteeing that there are no airpockets inside the pipeline. After raising the water’s pressure, and ensuring the test’s success,another 'bi-directional pig' is introduced to discharge the water as shown in the following section.

2.3.5 Dewatering

The 'bi-directional pig' used will be based on foam or rubber. Pigs will continue operation untilthere is no evidence of having water in the pipeline as determined by the tests. Such tests shallinclude either the calculation of the gain in weight of the pig or measuring of the dew point of thecompressed air entering and exiting the pipeline.

2.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric PiggingTo ensure that the pipeline is free of any solid materials which may cause erosion to the pipeline,pipeline cleaning should be conducted using ‘pigging’ technique. A series of magnetic cleaning pigswill be run until the pipeline is judged by the company to be free of magnetic debris. After that, thecontractor will run a geometric pig. After a successful run by the geometric pig, the pipeline will beleft with positive pressure of at least 2 bar using either dry air or dry nitrogen as determined by thecompany so as to discharge any metallic components still present. The resulting solid waste from thepigging operation will be disposed by applying GASCO’s specific solid waste managementprocedure.

2.3.7 Purging and CommissioningBefore starting the flow of Natural gas, the pipeline will be purged by flushing with dry nitrogen atambient temperature to ensure that no operational problems arise from air or water left in thepipeline. The pressure of Nitrogen is gradually increased till it reaches the operating pressure, andthen the operation starts by replacing the Nitrogen with Natural gas.

2.3.8 Pipeline CrossingsTo install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trenchor using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guidedmethods and non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category(which are generally employed by GASCO) will be considered; namely, horizontal directionaldrilling (HDD) representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing the trench technology.

The open cut method is usually used in small internal roads, where normal excavation takes place. Itcan be also applied in case of having long agricultural or desert roads where auger boring and HDDare not possible. This is a simple technique which usually takes between 1 and 2 days, and requireroad narrowing or diverting. For bigger branched roads, auger boring excavation technique is

of 314

Page 75 of 314


usually applied. This technique requires more excavation depths (about 5-6 meters). This is a bitmore complex technique compared to the open-cut technology; however, it also takes between 1and 2 days, and may require road narrowing or diverting. On the other hand, where the pipelinescross main roads, or huge water bodies, HDD is usually applied. HDD is a trenchless methodologythat use high excavation depths (about 30-40 meters) and can be used for high pipeline length.HDD provides a number of benefits compared to the other traditional technologies. These benefitsinclude having very little disruption to traffic as road narrowing or diverting are not required, inaddition to the smaller work area requirements. However, HDD suffer from two maindisadvantages which are the long time required (about 2 weeks), and the high cost compared to theconventional technologies. HDD pipeline installations have been widely used in the previous periodin GASCO projects, and it is considered the fastest growing trenchless construction method today.

In general, for the current project, HDD is the recommended installation technology for thepipeline crossings with the main roads and the river Nile. Usually, the exact maximum depth thatwould be reached during drilling is coordinated with the Authority managing the facility which thepipeline is passing under.

Based on the previous experience with similar projects, in the Nile river crossing, the excavationdepth will be about 14 meters below the riverbed. The exact HDD path is determined by thecontractor during the implementation phase. The depth under the roads (International coastal road)is usually 2-4 m.

On the other hand, for small water channels, trenching technology will be used; where theexcavation depth will be 1.5-2 meters. In general, the standard followed in the case of passing underother infrastructure facilities is that the clearance between the N.G. pipeline surface and the bottomof the other facility is of 80 cm minimum clearance.

The following sub-sections present a technical background about the auger boring and HDDtechnologies.

2.3.8.1 Auger BoringThe horizontal auger boring trenchless technique involves equipment like auger boring machine,auger, and cutting head. This technique also requires the excavation of a drilling pit and a receivingpit. The process starts by lowering the auger boring machine into the drilling pit, and then theaugers installed inside the casing pipe are lowered into the pit and connected to the auger boringmachine. The boring operation then starts by rotating the augers and the cutting head, and pushingthe casing pipe gradually forward. This process continues till the casing pipe emerges from thereceiving pit side. The boring process results in cuttings (spoil) which is carried through the augersand extracted from the entry side of the boring machine.

The process is mainly unguided, and accordingly operator skill is critical. The degree of controllingthe horizontal alignment is usually low. Enough working space is required both in the drilling andreceiving pits for the equipment and the crew movement. The technique is suitable for wide rangeof soils; however, non-cohesive soils and boulders cause some difficulties.

of 314

Page 76 of 314


Figure 2-19 - Auger Boring

2.3.8.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling

As shown in Figure 2-20, Figure 2-21, and Figure 2-22, the HDD technique can be classified tothree stages as follows:Stage 1: Pilot hole drilling

Stage 2: Pre-Reaming

Stage 3: Pipeline Pullback

Before starting the drilling activities, a topographic survey is conducted to the proposed excavationsite. This survey aims to determine the soil conditions at the different depths, and accordinglydetermine a drill path including the entry and exit points. After that, the first stage starts by drilling apilot hole through the studied drill path centerline. The drilling machine usually sets on the surface,and the drill string enters the ground at an angle between 5 and 20 degrees. The bore path is usuallyadjusted to be of gradual curvature to match with the allowable bend radius of the pipeline andminimize friction. The bore path is monitored by devices mounted to the drill string. Signals aredirected to the operators on the surface so as to direct the drill path accordingly. Usually, a drillingslurry is pumped in the bore path so as to lubricate, clean and cool the cutting heads, transport the

of 314

Page 77 of 314


cuttings to the surface, and stabilize the hole against collapse. The slurries are usually bentonitebased, and the slurry associated with cuttings is pumped to a settling pit where the slurry is separatedfrom the cuttings and recycled.

After the plot hole drilling step, a back-reamer attached to the end of the drill string is pulled backthrough the path to enlarge the hole. This step can be repeated more than once till the hole diameterbecomes about 50% larger than the required pipeline diameter to minimize friction or bending ofthe pipeline. As the reamer goes back and forth, this is called “pre-reaming. After that, the pipelineis connected to the back-reamer and pulled back through the drill path.

HDD is the recommended installation technology for the pipeline crossings with the InternationalCoastal road, and for crossings with the main water bodies (the River Nile and el Salam Canal).

Figure 2-20 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique

of 314

Page 78 of 314


Figure 2-21 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique

Figure 2-22 -Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique

2.3.9 Construction work in the valve roomThe construction of the valve room includes some structural work (reinforced concrete installation)in addition to the electromechanical components and the commissioning activities.

2.4 Activities of Operational Phase

Such kinds of projects do not include much operational activities while the natural gas flowsthrough the pipeline. The following table presents the general natural gas composition of the

of 314

Page 79 of 314


national network. The main activities are the monitoring of the pipeline and the routine checking forthe occurrence of gas leaks. The following sub-sections present more details about these activities.

Table 2-2 - General natural gas composition of the national networkComponent/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Nitrogen 0.6183 0.6653 Mole%

Methane 79.8207 88.0622 Mole%

Carbon Dioxide 5.8996 5.4793 Mole%

Ethane 8.5755 4.9468 Mole%

Propane 3.4219 0.6918 Mole%

Iso Butane 0.5244 0.0602 Mole%

N-Butane 0.7855 0.0758 Mole%

Neo Pentane 0 0 Mole%

Iso Pentane 0.144 0.0086 Mole%

N-Pentane 0.1138 0.0061 Mole%

Hexanes and Heavier 0.0963 0.0039 Mole%

Gross Heating Value At60 F and 1 atm

1101.6298 999.5827 Btu/ft3

2.4.1 Pipeline PatrollingPipeline patrolling is carried out in order to identify activities (e.g. construction activities nearby) oractions (e.g. trespass) that could damage the pipeline, and accordingly cause safety problems thatmay reach to explosion. Patrolling also identifies areas of concern such as land slippage etc. in thegeneral area of the pipeline that could cause subsequent problems. Written reports showing theresults of the pipeline patrolling is reported to the sector office. Along the whole pipeline route, , 3pipeline classes make up the path of the pipeline which are classes 2, 3, and 4. The frequency of thepatrol will vary for differing areas according to the location class as shown in the following table.The number of buildings is usually accounted in a zone of 200meters wide on either side of thepipeline route, and in section of 1 km lengthwise. As the location class increases, the patrollingfrequency increases as well.

of 314

Page 80 of 314


Table 2-3 - Location Class as defined by GASCOLocation Class Number of buildings intended for

Human Occupancy

Location Class 1 10 or fewer

Location Class 2 More than 10 but fewer than 46

Location Class 3 More than 46

Location Class 4 More than 46 and including multistoreybuildings and where there may be manyother utilities

2.4.2 Leakage SurveyLeakage Survey is conducted to protect the population against the effects of escaping natural gasand to early detect any damage to the pipeline or the components of the valve room. The Cathodicprotection system is also inspected weekly to ensure its effectiveness. Written reports showing theresults of the leakage survey are reported to the sector office, and in case of detecting any leakage,the maintenance department quickly perform the required procedures to fix the leakage source. Thestaff undertaking patrolling and leakage surveys must be fully trained before carrying out suchduties.

2.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System)GASCO Company is working with SCADA system, which is a highly sophisticated integratedsystem used to control the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performsremote controlling of the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure, and if necessary change theflow of natural gas by bypassing the main route. The SCADA system can also detect natural gasleakage if a pressure drop was observed in certain pipeline. The SCADA system is connected withthe fiber optics system installed in the pipelines.

2.5 Resources Consumption

2.5.1 During Construction Phasei) Water

Water is mainly used during the construction phase in the hydrostatic testing inaddition to the domestic uses by the workers and engineers. The water used forconstruction will be sourced from trucks, while water used for hydrostatic testing willbe sourced from the Nile River tributaries (Damietta branch). Drinking water will bebottled.

of 314

Page 81 of 314


The expected amount of water to be used during the construction phase of this project is:

Domestic uses by the workers and engineers: 5 m3/day Construction activities: 3000 m3

Hydrostatic testing : 42,000 m3

ii) Fuel

Diesel fuel will be mainly used for diesel generators that supplies electricity to the difficultconstruction activities including welding. In addition, diesel will be the fuel used by the trucksand excavators. The expected amount of diesel fuel to be used in the construction phase of thisproject is about 400,000 liters (approximately 2,200 liters/day). The fuel will be delivered to theconstruction site via trucks when needed.

2.5.2 During Operation Phasei) Electricity

The electricity consumption in the operation phase is expected to be sourced from the valveroom. The electricity consumption during the operation phase is expected to be minimalwhich will be mainly consumed at the control room.

2.6 Waste Generation

2.6.1 During Construction PhaseSolid waste during construction phase will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and somehazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include the following wastestreams:Hazardous wastes: Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes: Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;

of 314

Page 82 of 314


2.6.2 During Operation PhaseThe pipeline operation is not expected to dispose any type of solid waste during the operationphase.

2.7 The Expected Timeline of the Project Execution Engineering Work: 11 months Procurement work: 12 months Construction work: 6 months

Duration expected for the whole project is about 15 months. For activity durations andoverlapping refer to Annex 3.

of 314

Page 83 of 314


3 Legislative and Regulatory Framework3.1 Preface

The World Bank has defined 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that must beconsidered to its financed projects. Applicability of such policies to this project is overviewed anddiscussed in subsequent sections.

Egyptian legislation provides environmental compliance procedures and emission limits which are atleast comparable with WB/international requirements, if not more stringent. GASCO is bound byinternal policies which obligate them to comply with national legal requirements. In the case thatnational requirements are non-existent for specific issues or pollutants, WB requirements will beadopted.

3.2 National Administrative and Legal Framework

The following is a brief description of the different national authorities and institutions of relevancewith respect environmental assessments including Environmental and Social Impact Assessments(ESIAs).

The main legal instrument dealing with environmental issues in Egypt is Law 4/1994, amended byLaw 9/2009 and law 5/2015 and its Executive Regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, then710/2012 and 964/2015, commonly known as the Law on Protection of the Environment. The lawdeals mostly with the protection of the environment against pollution. Prime Ministerial Decree 631of 1982 established the EEAA as the competent body for environmental matters in Egypt. Law 4also stipulates the role of the EEAA as the main regulatory agency for environmental matters.

According to Article 1 of Law 4, the legal entity responsible for a given project is required to carryout an assessment of the project's potential impacts on the natural and socio-cultural environmentbefore implementing that project. The findings of the assessment are submitted to the EEAA forreview and approval before other relevant governmental authorities can issue their permits forimplementing the project.

An ESIA is required to be viewed as an integrated part of the project planning process, according toEEAA requirements. The ESIA will help to ensure that environmental concerns are taken intoaccount along with technical and economic considerations.

The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an authorized state body regulatingenvironmental management issues. Egyptian laws identify three main roles of the EEAA:

It has a regulatory and coordinating role in most activities, as well as an executive rolerestricted to the management of natural protectorates and pilot projects.

of 314

Page 84 of 314


The agency is responsible for formulating the environmental management (EM) policy,setting the required action plans to protect the environment. Following-up their execution incoordination with Competent Administrative Authorities (CAAs).

In specific to this project, EEAA is responsible for review and approve of theenvironmental impact assessment studies.

EMU (Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level) is responsible for theenvironmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorates premises. Thegovernorate has established environmental management units at both the governorate andcity/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the environment within thegovernorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both environmental planning andoperation-oriented activities. The environmental management unit is mandated to:

Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the governorate duringboth construction and operation phases to ensure that the project abides by laws andregulations as well as mitigation measures included in its ESIA approval.

Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the governorate The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate, yet are technically affiliated to

EEAA. The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district level.

The units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management contracts.

The CAAs are the entities responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction and operation.The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs are thus responsible forreceiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included in the documents concerningthe location, suitability of the location to the project activity and ensure that the activity does notcontradict with the surrounding activities and that the location does not contradict with theministerial decrees related to the activity. The CAA forwards the documents to EEAA for review.They are the main interface with the project proponents in the ESIA system. The CAA is mandatedto:

Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents Ensure the approval of the Project Site Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction field

investigation (before the operation license)

After submission of an ESIA for review, the EEAA may request revisions in the ESIA report within30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the approval of the report.GASCO will have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from its receipt of the EEAA’sdecision. It should be noted that once the ESIA has been approved, the ESMP as will be presentedin the report, will be considered an integral part of the project; and the GASCO will be legallyresponsible for the implementation of that plan, depending on their involvement in construction oroperation. It is therefore worth mentioning that the GASCO must ensure that all mitigation

of 314

Page 85 of 314


measures and environmental requirements described in the ESMP have been clearly referred to inthe tender documents for the construction works, the construction contracts, and have beenrespected. GASCO will follow-up on the construction contractor to ensure that the ESMP isadequately implemented in the construction phase.

According to the guidelines of the ESIA preparation issued by the EEAA, projects are classifiedinto three categories according to the severity of possible environmental impacts and location of theestablishment and its proximity to residential settlements: Category (A): projects with minimumenvironmental impacts, Category (B): projects with potential adverse environmental impacts yet lessthan category C, and Category (C): Projects which have highly adverse impacts. These are requiredto prepare a full EIA study.

Based on these categories, the proposed Natural Gas lines project is classified as “C” under theEgyptian requirements. Class C projects require full ESIAs including public consultation sessions (2sessions were held: a scoping session and a public consultation session).

3.3 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislations in Egypt

The Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality, noise, solidwaste management and occupational health and safety. Each of these aspects will be discussed indetails and the allowable limits for the different aspects included according to applicability to theproject. Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 7 of the study to ensure compliance withthese legislations.

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015)

3.3.1.1 Regulations for the Protection of Air Environment from PollutionAccording to the provisions of Articles 34 through 40, 42, 43, and 47 bis in Law 4/1994 amendedby Law 9/2009, and Article 42, annex 5,6 in the Executive Regulations, the project developer mustensure the following:

1. The site of the project must be selected properly to suit the project activity in order toensure that the total pollution emitted by the proposed project during the construction andoperation phases will not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the pollutants in theambient air as listed below:

Table 3-1 - Maximum Limits of Outdoor Air Pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulationsamended in 2012)

Pollutant LocationArea

Maximum Limit[µg/m3]

1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year

Sulphur Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300350

125150

5060

of 314

Page 86 of 314


Carbon Monoxide UrbanIndustrial

30mg/m3

10mg/m3

--

--

Nitrogen Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300300

--

150150

6080

Ozone UrbanIndustrial

180180

120120

--

--

Total Suspended Particles (TSP) UrbanIndustrial

--

--

230230

125125

Particulate Matter less than 10 µm(PM10)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

7070

Particulate Matter less than 25 µm(PM2.5)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

8080

5050

Suspended Particles Measured as BlackSmokes

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

6060

Lead UrbanIndustrial

--

--

--

0.51.0

Ammonia (NH3) UrbanIndustrial

--

--

120120

--

Other limits include the allowable limits for pollutants emissions in air from the different sourceswhich are detailed in annex 6 of the Executive regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, 710/2012and 964/2015. The limits relevant to the current project scope are the pollution limit from asphaltmixing units which will be utilized to return the roads to their original state after the projectcompletion, and the limits of emissions from vehicles which are shown in the following tables.

It should be noted that as per the Annex 6 of the executive regulations; the actual pollutantconcentration from the stack is calculated at standard conditions using the following equation;Concentration at Standard Conditions =

Measured Concentration ∗ (21 − Reference Oxygen %)(21 – measured Oxygen%) ∗ Measured Tempreture + 273273∗ 1measured atmospheric pressureTable 3-2 - Allowable Emission levels from Asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the

Executive Regulations amended in 2012Maximum Allowable Emissions Level (mg/m3)

Total Suspended Solids(TSP) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs)50 500 50

of 314

Page 87 of 314


- Reference conditions (at 13% O2, temperature of 273 Kelvin, and 1 atm pressure).- The asphalt mixing unit should be placed at a minimum distance of 500 m from the nearest

residential area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction.

Table 3-3 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and laterPollutants Hydrocarbons

HC (ppm)CO% HC (ppm) CO% HC (ppm) CO%

MaximumallowableLimit

600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2

Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm.

Table 3-4 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 ofAnnex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Manufacturing Year (model) Before the year 2003 From 2003 and laterSmoke density factor K (m-1) 2.8 2.65

Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard.

3.3.1.2 NoiseArticle 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation phases of theproject, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels given by Table 3 ofAnnex 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production, service or other activities,particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using sirens and loudspeakers. The tablelists the maximum permissible noise level limits according to area type as per the followingdesignation:

Sensitive areas to noise exposure

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow

Commercial and administrative areas in city center

Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters,

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with lightindustries

Industrial Zone with heavy industries

of 314

Page 88 of 314


Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area(from Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations, Table 3)

AREA TYPE

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLEEQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL

[dB(Aeq)]Day Night

7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM

Sensitive areas to noise exposure 50 40

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow 55 45

Commercial and administrative areas in city center 60 50

Residential areas with some workshops,administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roadsless than 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries

70 60

Industrial Zone with heavy industries 70 70

3.3.2 Waste Management RegulationsThe collection, transportation and safe disposal of solid wastes from houses, public places,commercial and industrial establishments is regulated through the public cleanliness law 38/1967amended by law 31/1976 and its executive regulations issued by Minister of Housing DecreeNumber 134 of 1968, as well as the environmental law 14/1994 and its executive regulations.

3.3.2.1 Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued by decree134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those designated by themunicipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal, in addition to the temporarystorage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry of Housing and Utilities decree134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by persons, residential units, non-residentialconstructions such as commercial establishments, camps, animal cages, slaughterhouses, markets,public spaces, parks, and transportation methods.

The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authorityresponsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection,transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance with thespecifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations by the municipalauthority.

of 314

Page 89 of 314


3.3.2.2 Environmental law 4/1994In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for thispurpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations which require thatduring excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity undertaking the work must takethe necessary precautions to safely store and transport the resulting wastes in accordance with theset procedure.

Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to 33 of law4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the executive regulations, theentity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid form is committed to collect andtransport the generated waste to designated disposal sites which are predetermined by the localauthorities, the competent administrative authorities and the Egyptian Environmental AffairsAgency.

The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and oral orwritten instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any damage generally or topeople who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be trained on proper handlingprocedure.

The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed entitiesthat manage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive regulations.

3.3.2.3 Hazardous waste from Petroleum sectorPetroleum and Mineral Resources ministerial decree number 1352/2007 defines the hazardouswaste materials generated from the petroleum industry, and prohibits handling of these hazardouswaste except by entities authorized by EGPC.

3.3.3 Water and Wastewater Management Regulations

3.3.3.1 Protection of Nile River Water Law 48/1982The protection of the Nile River and water was law number 48 for the year 1982 defines the waterways to which this law is applicable as Fresh water and non-fresh water sources. The fresh watersources are: the river Nile and its branches and bays, as well as the branches and canals of all sizesand the non-fresh water sources are: all types of open type drainages, lakes, ponds and enclosedwater bodies and underground water reservoirs.

The law states that for all the stated water ways, it is prohibited to dispose or dump any solid, liquidor gaseous waste from all residential, commercial and industrial activities as well as waste waterunless an approval is obtained from the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation according to theregulations issued in this regard.

3.3.3.2 Standards and Specifications of fresh waterwaysArticle 49 of the executive regulations details the standards and specifications of the fresh waterwaysto which industrial waste water can be discharged as follows:

of 314

Page 90 of 314


Table 3-6 -standards and specifications of the fresh waterways to which industrial waste water canbe discharged (Article 49 of the ER of Law 48/1982)

Parameter Limit(mg/liter)

Total dissolved solids < 500dissolved Oxygen > 6pH 6.5 – 8.5Biological Oxygen Demand < 6Chemical Oxygen Demand < 10Organic nitrogen < 1Ammonia (NH3) < 0.5Nitrates (NO3) < 2Total Nitrogen (TN) < 3.5Total Phosphorous (TP) < 0.5Oil and grease <0.1Sulphates < 200Mercury < 0.001Iron < 0.5Manganese < 0.2Cupper < 0.01Zinc < 0.01Fluorides < 0.5Phenol < 0.002Arsenic < 0.01Cadmium < 0.001Chromium < 0.05Free Cyanide < 0.005Lead < 0.01Selenium < 0.01Boron < 0.5Molybdenum < 0.07Nickel < 0.02Aldrin, dialdrin < 0.00003Achlor < 0.02Decarb < 0.01Atrazine < 0.002Bentazon < 0.03Carbofuran < 0.007Chlordane < 0.0002Dichlorobrote < 0.03

of 314

Page 91 of 314


Phenobrote < 0.009Mircrobrote < 0.01T 2, 4, 5 < 0.009

3.3.3.3 Industrial Wastewater disposal Law 93/1962The industrial wastewater disposal into the drainage systems is regulated by law 93/1962 and itsexecutive regulations amended by decree 44/2000. The law prohibits the disposal of domestic,industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage system withoutobtaining a prior approval.

Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of thewastewater discharged to the public sewage network.

Table 3-7 -standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system (Article14 of the ER of Law 93/1962)

Parameter Limit in the disposed wastewater(pH) 6-9.5Temperature 43BOD5 600 ppmCOD 1100 ppmTotal suspended solids 800/100lDissolved solids 10 ppmOil and grease 100 ppmTotal nitrogen 100 ppmTotal phosphorous 25 ppmcyanide(CN-) 0.02phenol 0.05 ppmDeposited materials (after 10 minutes) 8 cm3/lDeposited materials (after 30 minutes) 15 cm/lTotal heavy metals 5 mg/lChromium 6 0.5 mg/lcadmium (Cd) 0.2 mg/llead(Pb) 1 mg/lMercury(Hg) 0.2 mg/lSilver(Ag) 0.5 mgCopper(Cu) 1.5 mgNickel(Ni) 1 mg/lbioter 2 mg/lArsenic(As) 2 mg/lBoron(B) 1 mg/lMercury 0.2

of 314

Page 92 of 314


Nickel 0.1Silver 0.5

3.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public ConsultationConsultation with the community and concerned parties, where all the stakeholders are invited,should clearly provide attendees with the necessary information about the project. Paragraph 6.4.3of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope of public consultation,methodology and documentation thereof Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Scope of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Methodology of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Documentation of the Consultation Results Paragraph 7 Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure

3.3.5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

The Egyptian Constitution has preserved the right of private property, Egyptian Constitution (1971,amended in year 1980) and Egyptian Constitution (2014, articles 33 and 35). The Egyptian Civilcode 131/1948, Articles 802-805 recognize private ownership right and stipulates that the owner ofa certain property has the sole right of using and/or disposing his property.

Property expropriation for public benefit is indicated by Law No. 10 of year 1990 and itsamendments by law No. 1 for the year 2-15. The law describes the cases of Property Expropriationfor Public Benefit, considering gas projects as public benefit activities. Land acquisition proceduresaccording to this law are as follows:

1. The land acquisition procedures start with declaring the project for public interest. Afterwards apresidential decree is issued accompanied with a memorandum specifying the plots required forthe project as well as a complete plan for the project and its structures (Law 59/1979 & Law3/1982 stipulated that the Prime Minister may issue the Expropriation decree);

2. The decree and the accompanying memorandum must be published in the official newspapers; acopy for the affected communities must be placed at the main offices of the concerned LocalGovernment unit.

This law has specified, through Article 6, the formation of the “Compensation ValuationCommission”. This Article states that the commission is established at the Governorate level andconsists of a delegate from the relevant Ministry’s Surveying Body (as President), a representative ofthe Agricultural Directorate, a representative of the Housing and Utilities Directorate, and arepresentative of the Real Estate Taxes Directorate in the Governorate. The compensation shall beestimated according to the prevailing market prices at the time of the issuance of the Decree for

of 314

Page 93 of 314


Expropriation. Amendments of the law in 2015 has specified the period allowed for submitting agrievance to be 15 days and allowed additional 30 days to submit all relevant documents

The construction of the lines will require temporary land acquisition leading to economicdisplacement hence all relevant legal actions are applicable according to the Egyptian law.Permanent land acquisition for the land needed for the valve rooms will be allocated under willingbuyer – willing seller scheme (2 rooms) in addition to the expansion scheme of the other valverooms (2 rooms).

3.3.6 Law no. 94/2003, Protection of communities Human Rights LawsThe Law on Establishing the National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) aims to promote, ensurerespect, set values, raise awareness and ensure observance of human rights. At the forefront ofthese rights and freedoms are the right to life and security of individuals, freedom of belief andexpression, the right to private property, the right to resort to courts of law, and the right to fairinvestigation and trial when charged with an offence.

3.3.7 Work environment and occupational health and safetySeveral laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the work place, inaddition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress, and theprovision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the work crew thatwill be involved in construction activities.

Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and Health(OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also deals with theprovision of protective equipment to workers and fire-fighting/emergency response plans.Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:

Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967. Minister of Labor Decree 55/1983. Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985 Minister of Labor Decree 116/1991.

The environmental aspects that have to be taken in consideration for the workplace are noise,ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows

3.3.7.1 NoiseAnnex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits for soundintensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for the work areas andplaces within the proposed project.

Table 3-8 - Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities(Table 1, Annex 7 of the Executive Regulations)

No. TYPE OF PLACE AND MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE Exposure

of 314

Page 94 of 314


ACTIVITY EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVEL[dB(A)]

Duration

1.

a) Work places (workshops andindustries) with up to 8 hour shifts(licensed before 2014)

90 8

b) Work places (workshops andindustries) with up to 8 hour shifts(licensed since 2014)

85 8

For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise level increasesby 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the sense of hearing.

The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period.

The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in LAeq according to theinternational guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian specifications No. 2836part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter.

Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A) during aspecific time period, and expressed in dB.

Table 3-9 - Maximum Permissible Exposure to Heavy Hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of ExecutiveRegulations)

Peak Noise Intensity Level[dB(A)] LcPeak

135 130 125 120 115

Number of Allowable Strikesduring Working Hours 300 1000 3000 10000 30000

The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the previous table(number of strikes per shift).

The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second or more. Ifthe duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and the noise level shallcomply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations.

3.3.8 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988The petroleum pipelines law 4/1988 states that the owner of a property should allow the passing ofpipelines transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons beneath the ground surface in accordancewith the procedure mentioned in the executive regulations (Decree 292/1988).

Article 2 of the law specifies that no buildings or trees, other than agricultural land trees, should beconstructed or planted at a distance less than 2 m on each side of the pipeline inside urban and 6 mon each side of the pipeline outside the urban areas. If it is necessary to place the pipelines at acloser distance than what is specified in the law, it is allowed through a decision from the chairman

of 314

Page 95 of 314


of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC); taking into consideration the necessary safetyprecautions.

The law also specifies that if the activities done in accordance to the law will result in damage to theproperty, the owner has the right to a fair compensation to be decided by a committee formed by adecision from the Minister of Petroleum, and the executive regulations include the guidelines forcompensation estimation.

3.3.9 Natural Protectorates Law Number 102/1983Law 102 for the year 1983 defines the areas that are considered as natural protectorates andprohibits any actions or activities that can damage or deteriorate the natural environment or themarine and terrestrial ecology in these areas.

The protected areas are determined through a decree, based on the suggestion of the EnvironmentalAffairs Agency, and the law prohibits the establishment of any activities such as buildings, roads oragricultural commercial and industrial activities in the protected areas unless an approval is acquiredfrom the competent administrative authority.

Although no natural protectorates are expected to be in proximity to the project area, care will betaken to follow the provisions of annex 4 of law 4/1994 which defines the following animal speciesas protected species:

- Birds and animals listed by the Ministerial Decree 28/1967 by the Minister of agriculture inaccordance to the provisions of article 117 of the agricultural law number 53/1966 amendedby law 116/1983.

- Any other birds or animals determined by the international conventions to which Egypt iscommitted.

- Any other birds or animals for which a decree from the Minister of Agriculture will beissued with the agreement of the EEAA.

3.3.10 Traffic Related LawsThe applicable laws regarding the traffic and work done in relation to roads is governed by Trafficlaw 66/1973 amended by law 121/2008. The law is concerned with traffic planning during theconstruction of projects. Law 140/1956 is also concerned with the utilization and blockage of publicroads, and Law 84/1968 is also concerned with public roads, including Highways, main roads andregional roads.

The governing laws require that no works that could affect the traffic flow be undertaken withoutprior permission, and specifies that the competent administrative authority could utilize public waysfor a fee. The executive regulations of law 140/1956 outlines the specifications for the managementof construction and demolition debris, and in general prohibits vehicle drivers to cause any roadpollution by dumping wastes, or construction wastes, or any other material.

of 314

Page 96 of 314


3.3.11 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatoryEgypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that commit the country toconservation of environmental resources.

International Plant Protection Convention (Rome 1951) African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (Algeria 1968) UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage (Paris,

16 November 1972) Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora

(CITES) (Washington 1973) International tropical timber (Geneva 1983) Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and

their disposal (1989) United Nations convention on climate change (New York 1992). The convention covers

measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from different sources includingtransportation.

United Nations Convention on climate change and Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997) Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro 1992), which covers the conservation of

habitats, animal and plant species, and intraspecific diversity. Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (Vienna 1985) Convention for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by carcinogenic

substances and agents (Geneva 1974) Convention for the protection of workers against occupational hazards in the working

environment due to air pollution, noise and vibration (Geneva 1977) International Labor Organization: core labor standards are to be followed during the project

implementation. Egypt has been a member state of the ILO since 1936, and has ratified 64conventions which regulate the labor standards and work conditions. In 1988, Egyptratified the Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No 152).

Cultural Heritage: respecting cultural heritage and not financing projects which threaten theintegrity of sites that have a high level of protection for reasons of cultural heritage, e.g.UNESCO World Heritage sites

Consultation, Participation and Public Disclosure: The Aarhus Regulation promotestransparency of environmental information and the inclusion of stakeholders in projects.Consultation serves to identify and manage public concern at an early stage. The regulationsinclude provisions for the public disclosure of key project information such as the Non-Technical Summary and the ESIA.

3.4 World Bank Safeguard PoliciesInternational funding agencies, such as the WB require that the projects they finance to be incompliance with both the country’s national standards as well as their own environmental and socialpolicies. Therefore, in addition to the national regulations, the project aims at complying with the

of 314

Page 97 of 314


WB safeguard policies and guidelines. The policies help to ensure the environmental and socialsoundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also support integration of environmentaland social aspects of projects into the decision-making process. In addition, the policies promoteenvironmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance,and rehabilitation of natural habitats.

The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that should beconsidered in its financed projects. The proposed project is classified as Category A according to theWorld Bank. This mandates a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

Table 3-10 - World Bank Safeguard Operational Policies and their applicability to the projectSafeguard Policy Triggered JustificationsEnvironmental Assessment(OP/BP 4.01)

Yes The project is classified as Category A which requiresfull environmental assessment.

Natural Habitats(OP/BP 4.04)

No Location and alignment of project components ismainly along (or close to) previously paved paths.Protected Areas, if encountered, will be avoided.Wherever the pipeline will pass cultivated agriculturalareas, it will be affected during the constructionactivities only and returned to the original conditionbefore operation. Therefore, no permanent damagewill be caused from the project.

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) No Proposed project areas contain No forests.Pest Management (OP 4.09) No The proposed project will not involve purchasing or

using Pesticides or herbicides.Physical Cultural Resources(OP/BP 4.11)

No The proposed line does not pass any importantarcheological sites.

Indigenous Peoples(OP/BP 4.10)

No No indigenous people are identified in Egypt.

Involuntary Resettlement(OP/BP 4.12)

Yes The project requires temporary land acquisition duringconstruction of the lines in addition to allocation of theland needed for construction of 2 valve rooms underwilling buyer – willing seller scheme.

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) No Not relevant to the proposed projectProjects on InternationalWaterways (OP/BP 7.50)

No Not relevant to the proposed project. The pipeline willpass beneath the waterways. It will not cross any waterway.

Projects in Disputed Areas(OP/BP 7.60)

No Not relevant to the proposed project

of 314

Page 98 of 314


3.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental AssessmentAccording to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection Project isclassified among Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to have significantadverse environmental impacts that are sensitive1, diverse, or unprecedented.Likely environmental impacts of the project shall be analyzed and mitigation measures proposed forexpected negative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.

3.4.2 OP 4.09 Pest ManagementThe proposed project will not involve purchasing or using any pesticides or herbicides during theproject activities including the right of way maintenance

3.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural ResourcesProject areas do not include sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of PhysicalCultural Resources2.

3.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary ResettlementAccording to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economicdislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects should be avoided orminimized as much as possible. Unavoidable displacement should involve the preparation andimplementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), toaddress the direct economic and social impacts resulting from the project or sub-project’s activitiescausing involuntary resettlement.

It is envisaged that the project on hand will result in the physical or economic dislocation of people. A RAP study hasbeen prepared in order to outline a proposed approach and work plan to guide the implementation, handover, andmonitoring and evaluation of the resettlement process.

3.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety GuidelinesThe general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines in addition to the WorldBank Onshore Oil and Gas Development EHS guidelines will be followed to ensure that the projectcomplies with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of the WB duringthe different phases of the project.

3.5 Gap analysis for key Egyptian and WB environmental issuesThis section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the World Bankpolicies and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities.

1 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) orraise issues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous People;OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP4.12, Involuntary Resettlement.2 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, andnatural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, orother cultural significance.

of 314

Page 99 of 314


3.5.1 Air Quality

Table 3-11 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standardsRequirements of Egyptian

Legislation Requirements of World Bank

Outdoor Air Pollutants (in urban andindustrial areas) as per Article 34 of law

4/1994 amended by law 9/2009 andAnnex 5 of the Executive Regulations

amended by Decree 710/2012.

Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFC GeneralEHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.1 34)

ExposurePeriod 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year

CarbonmonoxideCO (µg/m3)

30(urban

andindus.)

10(urban

andindus.)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Sulphurdioxide SO2

(µg/m3)

300(urban)

350(indus.)

N/A

125(urban)

150(indus.)

50(urban)

60(indus.)

N/A N/A

125 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)

20(guideline)

N/A

NitrogenOxidesNOx(µg/m3)

300(urban)

300(indus.)

N/A

150(urban)

150(indus.)

60(urban

)80

(indus.)

200(guideline) N/A N/A 40

(guideline)

ParticulatesPM10

(µg/m3)N/A N/A

150(urban)

150(indus.)

70(urban)

70(indus.)

N/A N/A

150 (IT-1)100 (IT-2)75 (IT-3)

50(guideline)

70 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)30 (IT-3)

20(guideline)

ParticulatesPM2.5

(µg/m3)N/A N/A

80(urban)

80(indus.)

50(urban)

50(indus.)

N/A N/A

75 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)

37.5 (IT-3)25

(guideline)

35 (IT-1)25 (IT-2)15 (IT-3)

10(guideline)

Totalsuspendedparticles

N/A N/A230

(urban)230

125(urban)

125N/A N/A N/A N/A

3World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.4 IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organizationduring the implementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values.

of 314

Page 100 of 314


TSP(µg/m3)

(indus.) (indus.)

Ozone O3

(µg/m3)

180(urban)

180(indus.)

120(urban)

120(indus.)

N/A N/A N/A160 (IT-1)

100(guideline)

N/A N/A

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied; since it’s the funding entity.However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases, since there are nocorresponding limits in the World Bank standards to these parameters:

• Carbon monoxide limits• Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year• Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours• Total suspended particulates limits• Ozone limits for 1 hour

3.5.2 Water Quality

Table 3-12 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water QualityRequirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Executive Regulationsissued by decree92/2013 of Law48/1982 (Article 49)

States the standards anspecifications of freshwaterways quality towhich industrial watercan be discharged

OP 4.01IFC General EHSGuidelines:Environmental

Projects with thepotential to generateprocess wastewater,sanitary (domestic)sewage, or stormwatershould incorporate thenecessary precautionsto avoid, minimize,and control adverseimpacts to humanhealth, safety, or theenvironment.

Ministerial Decree No.44/2000 of law

Includes the quality ofindustrial wastewater

OP 4.01IFC General EHS

Includes in Table 1.3.1the indicative values

of 314

Page 101 of 314


93/1962 discharged to thesewage network.The decree also statesthe entity shouldacquire the wastewaterdischarge licenses fromthe concernedauthorities during theconstruction andoperation phase

Guidelines:Environmental

for treated sanitarysewage discharges

Table 3-13 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer systemParameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER

44/2000 of law 93/1962Effluent threshold (WBrequirements)

pH 6-9.5 6-9BOD (mg/l) 600 30COD (mg/l) 1100 125Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 10Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 2Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 10Total suspended solids (mg/l) 800 50Total Coliform Bacteria (MostProbable Number/100 ml)

N/A 400

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

3.5.3 Noise

Table 3-14: Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Ambient NoiseRequirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and itsERs amended bydecree 1095/2011 and710/2012

Maximum allowablelimit for ambient noiseintensity

OP 4.01IFC GeneralGuidelines:EnvironmentalTable 1.7.1

Limit of noise beyondthe property boundaryof the facilities.

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and its

Maximum noise limitsin work environment

IFC GeneralGuidelines:

Limit of noiseexposure inside the

of 314

Page 102 of 314


ERs amended bydecree 1095/2011 and710/2012

Occupational Healthand SafetyTable 2.3.1

work environment

Table 3-15 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Area type Maximumpermissible

equivalent noiselevel [dB(Aeq)]

Receptor One hour LAeq

(dBA)

Day Night Daytime Night7 AM –10 PM

10 PM –7 AM

7:00 –22:00

22:00 –7:00

Residential

Sensitive areas to noiseexposure

50 40

Residential 55 45

Residential suburbs withlow traffic flow

55 45

Residential areas withsome workshops,administrative activities,or recreational andentertainment activitiesoverlooking public roadsless than 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking publicroads more than or equal12 meters

70 60

Industrial

Industrial areas with lightindustries

70 60

Industrial 70 70Industrial Zone withheavy industries

70 70

Table 3-16 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Type of place andactivity

Maximumpermissible

Exposureduration

Location/activity

EquivalentLevel, LAeq,

MaximumLAmax,

of 314

Page 103 of 314


equivalent noiselevel [dB(A)]

8 hrs fast

a) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedbefore 2014)

90 8

HeavyIndustry

(nodemandfor oral

communication)

85 dB(A) 110 dB(A)

b) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedsince 2014)

85 8

Lightindustry

(decreasingdemandfor oral

communication)

50-65dB(A)

110 db(A)

Closed wedding andcelebration halls(provided that this limitdoes not exceed thehall boundaries)

95 4

Openoffices,controlrooms,service

countersor similar

45-50dB(A)

N/A

Work rooms forcomputers, typewritersor similar equipment

65 -

Individualoffices (nodisturbing

noise)

40-45dB(A)

N/A

Work rooms foractivities requiringroutine mentalconcentration – Banklobbies, control roomsfor industrial activities,restaurants andcafeterias

60 -

Classrooms, lecture

halls

35-40dB(A)

-

Hospitals, clinics,public libraries,museums, post offices,courts, mosques andworships places.

45 -

Hospitals 30-35dB(A)

40 dB(A)

Universities, schools,institutions, nursery,…etc. (inside

40 -

of 314

Page 104 of 314


classrooms)Universities, schools,institutions, nursery,...etc. (building yardsand gardens)

55 -

Residential buildings,hotels, …etc. (livingrooms)

50 -

Residential buildings,hotels, …etc.(bedrooms)

35 -

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

3.5.4 Land acquisition issues

1- The cut-off date: The WB resettlement policy OP4.12 on involuntary resettlement requiressetting a cut-off date in order to prevent people influx to the project area. The Egyptian lawsdoes not set a cut-off date, particularly if the impacts are related to agricultural lands thatmight experience changes in crops and tenancy.

2- Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitoring or evaluation measures are not stipulated inEgyptian regulation. Lack of the necessary legal provision needed to put in place monitoringand evaluation measures can negatively impact the accountability and transparency programsand plans may not be able to benefit from corrective action in cases of mistakes nor receiverewards in cases of good performance.

3- Valuation of compensation: Egyptian regulations use prevailing price in the affected areasto calculate and compensate project affected people for their expropriated property. Theprevailing price is assessed by a specialized committee created by the government. Forcrops, they are valuated according to the price lists developed by the agriculture directorate.Previous Egyptian experiences show that the full replacement principle as stated by OP 4.12 hasnot been realized by the affected group.

In order to bridge the above gaps, GASCO applies the following measures:

GASCO tries to ensure satisfaction with the compensation amounts by applying the followingmeasures:

of 314

Page 105 of 314


If the land is expropriated prior to the harvest season, unripe crops might bedamaged completely as a result of the project causing the crop-holder losses in termsof financial investment and effort invested in the cultivation of those crops. This willbe a complete loss of crops. In this case the crop holders will receive fullcompensation for the crops.

During harvest season, the crop holder is allowed to harvest the ripe crops allowinghim to benefit from the crops. Moreover, s/he will receive their compensation.Consequently, s/he is partially affected as they will not lose their crops. In this casethe crop holders will receive full compensation for the crops in addition to theharvested crops.

During the preparation of lands to be cultivated, the farmers will not lose theircrops, and they will exert no effort to cultivate the land. This will be minor impact.In this case crop holders will receive a compensation equivalent to the rent ofthe land (uncultivated) identified by the agricultural directorate foruncultivated land.

GASCO also applies a cut-off date for its projects. For this project the cut-off date was declared tobe August 2016. It was announced during the census survey and the field work with the PAPs.

Finally based on the World Bank requirements for applying an effective and accessible grievancemechanism, GASCO established a proactive grievance system. GASCO compensation committeeusually conducts several meetings with the PAPs at the construction sites in addition to follow upactivities throughout the compensation process. Any complaints arising during the constructionactivities will be submitted to the resident engineer.

of 314

Page 106 of 314


4 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions

4.1.1 Site LocationThe proposed natural gas pipeline passes through Damietta and Port Said Governorates, which aredescribed as follows.

The pipeline crosses Port Said - Damietta road, and extends in silty sand soil. The pipeline thenmoves in the south west direction to cross Port Said - Damietta road and the International CoastalRoad. The pipeline then moves west to extend parallel to the International Coastal Road on theborders of Manzala Lake.

After that it extends one km towards west through agricultural land, then it extends in the southwest direction parallel to high voltage electricity towers behind Ahmad Shulah farm. Then itintersects with el Salam Canal, and extends in the North West direction parallel to El-Khalifa village.After that, it extends towards west intersecting with Mansoura Faraskour road and river Nile near toEl-bostan water treatment plant.

Figure 4-1 - Site Location

of 314

Page 107 of 314


Figure 4-2 - Fish Farms - Location 3 & 4 on Map

4.1.2 Project Area

4.1.2.1 Damietta Governorate.

Damietta Governorate located in Lower Egypt consists of four Marakez. It occupies a peninsula andis bordered on all sides by Dakahleya Governorate except for its northern border, which faces theMediterranean, Sea and its eastern border where Port Said governorate is located as shown inFigure 4-3, the eastern part of the Governorate is occupied by Lake Manzala, which covers roughly20% of the Governorate’s surface area.

of 314

Page 108 of 314


Figure 4-3 - Location of Damietta and Port Said Governorates[Source: Egypt State Information Service]

of 314

Page 109 of 314


Figure 4-4 - The location and administrative divisions of Damietta governorateSource: Damietta Profile 2009, Egypt National Cancer Registry, Cairo (2011).

Excluding the Nile, around 73.5% the Governorate’s land area, of which the pipeline will passthrough, is considered cultivated land, 7.5% are roads and public utilities, while the proportion ofland covered with water is about 19%. The Nile River divides the governorate into two parts asshown in the previous figure. The delta region, which is located on the sides of the Nile River, isresponsible for the production of various types of crops in Damietta. Although there are a widevariety of cultivated crops, the wheat and the long stem alfalfa crops are mostly dominating duringthe winter, and rice dominates during summer.

4.1.2.2 Port Said GovernorateThe natural gas pipeline will also pass through Port Said Governorate as mentioned in thepreviously; therefore, some features of the governorate are thereby mentioned in this chapter

Situated in Lower Egypt, Port Said Governorate lies in the northern part of Suez Canal, consists ofeight districts as shown in Figure 4-5. Despite its small area, it’s bordered by five Governorates. It’sbordered from the west by Damietta and Dakahleya, from south west by Al-Sharqeya, from thesouth by Al-Ismailia, from the east by North-Sinai Governorate. Port Said is considered an urbangovernorate, and it has the free trade zone in Port-Said East Port, which is located on the easternbranch of Suez Canal on Mediterranean Coast.

Kafr El Bateikh

of 314

Page 110 of 314


Figure 4-5 - Location and administrative divisions of Port Said governorate[Source: Port Said Governorate Portal]

4.1.3 Climate and Meteorology

Climate in Damietta and Port Said governorates is dominated in all months by the subtropicalanticyclon, the atmospheric environment which inhibits precipitation. As shown in Figure 4-6, theKöppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Bwh". (Tropical and Subtropical DesertClimate).

Al-Sharq District

Al-Arab District

Al-Manakh DistrictAl-Dawahy District

Al-Zuhoor District

PortFouadcity

Al-GanoubDistrict

GharbDistrict

of 314

Page 111 of 314


Figure 4-6 - World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification showing Damietta and PortSaid

The average temperature, precipitation for the year in the proposed project region are illustratedbelow.

4.1.3.1 TemperatureThe mean monthly values for temperature are more or less in the same range all over the area whichreflects regional identity. The maximum values of temperature are generally recorded from June toSeptember being 26.3 oC (24-26 oC) and the minimum from December to February being about 13.5oC (13-16 oC). The monthly mean temperatures during the whole year are presented in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature

Month Mean Temperature(° C) Value

January 13.5

February 14

March 15.7

April 18.6

May 21.6

of 314

Page 112 of 314


Month Mean Temperature(° C) Value

June 24.7

July 26.1

August 26.3

September 24.9

October 22.7

November 19.2

December 15.4

4.1.3.2 Relative HumidityThe relative humidity plays an important role in the evapotranspiration rates. The mean monthlyvalues of relative humidity are relatively similar along the year. The annual mean of daily relativehumidity is on the range of 71.2 (65-75%), a bit high value due to its proximity from theMediterranean Sea. The monthly mean values of relative humidity during the whole year arepresented in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative HumidityMonth Mean Relative Humidity (%)

January 73.2

February 72.1

March 70.7

April 67.5

May 67.5

June 68

July 71.9

August 73

of 314

Page 113 of 314


Month Mean Relative Humidity (%)

September 72.1

October 71.7

November 73.1

December 73.4

4.1.3.3 RainfallThe average annual rainfall rate is low, averaging at about 117.6 mm per year. The monthly meanamount of precipitation (in mm) for the targeted area is shown in the table below. The month withthe highest average precipitation is January with about 28.6 mm, while there are nearly no rainfall inJuly and August.

Table 4-3 - Monthly mean annual precipitation valuesMonth Mean Annual

Precipitation (mm)

January 28.6

February 18.1

March 17.4

April 6.2

May 1.4

June 0.3

July 0

August 0

September 0.1

October 9.7

November 13.9

December 21.9

of 314

Page 114 of 314


4.1.3.4 WindIn summer, spring and autumn, most of incoming winds source from the northwest direction, whilewind generally blows from the southwest direction during winter. Table 4-4 provides averagemonthly wind speed, while Figure 4-7shows the wind rose distribution and prevailing directions.The wind distribution in Damietta is almost the same as Port Said, that’s due to the proximity inlocation and similar weather conditions.

Table 4-4 - Monthly mean values of wind speedMonth Wind Speed (km/h)

January 12.6

February 14

March 15.5

April 14.8

May 14

June 13.3

July 12.6

August 11.2

September 11.2

October 11.9

November 11.5

December 11.9

of 314

Page 115 of 314


Figure 4-7 - Wind rose for Damietta/Port Said region

4.1.4 Ambient Air QualityThe overall objectives of studying ambient air quality are to:

Establish air quality baseline which will assist in the estimation of the project impact on thelocal physical, biological and social environment ;

Verify compliance with the local and world bank regulatory limits for the ambient air quality; Check the conditions of operation and the adequacy of controls on discharges from the

nearby suspected sources, provide a warning of unusual or unforeseen conditions and, whereappropriate, trigger a special environmental monitoring program

4.1.4.1 Site Specific Air Quality AssessmentAir quality measurements have been carried out as part of the baseline description, where two pointsin Damietta governorate have been selected for the measurements; namely, in Al-Anania and ElKhalifa regions.

of 314

Page 116 of 314


The baseline air quality measurements were conducted on a basis of 8 hours with one-hour intervalsfor carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Total SuspendedParticulates (T.S.P) and particulate matter (PM10) for two specific different locations where the airquality was found to comply with the national guidelines for all the analyzed parameters. Standardambient air quality monitoring instruments were used under the supervision of experiencedspecialists.Air quality measurement specifications are shown in Annex 4.

4.1.4.2 Sampling strategyThe selection of the active air measurement location is based on the nature of the surroundingactivities, the location of the nearest sensitive receptors with respect to the project plots, prevailingwind direction; site topography, and the future layout of the proposed project components.Moreover, the selection is based on the guidelines stated in the American Society for TestingMaterials (ASTM) reference method5.

The measurement locations were chosen on the following basis:

1. Al-Anania location which exists in front of a waste water treatment station which isconsidered a potential source of emissions, in addition to its proximity to a residential area.The location also lies adjacent to a main road and the pipeline route.

2. El Khalifa location which exists in proximity to a residential area, and is considered veryclose to the river Nile and the pipeline route.

The GPS coordinates of the selected Ambient Air monitoring locations are:

Location Latitude Longitude1.Wastewater treatment plant 31°22'59.91" 31°49'30.06"Al-Anania in front of water station 31°22'59.70" 31°49'32.50"

2.El-Khalifa / Residential area 31°22'18.23" 31°45'55.23"El Khalifa 31°45'55.50" 31°45'55.50"

5D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Air

of 314

Page 117 of 314


Figure 4-8 - Location map for Anania in the governorate.

Figure 4-9 – Monitoring location at Anania water treatment plant

of 314

Page 118 of 314


Figure 4-10 - Location map for El Khalifa in the governorate.

Figure 4-11 - Monitoring location at Khalifa residential village

4.1.4.3 Analysis ResultsThe air quality at the sampling locations is exhibiting acceptable levels of classic air pollutants incomparison with the Egyptian limits and the World Bank limits. The analysis results are presented inTable 4-5 and

of 314

Page 119 of 314


Table 4-6.

Table 4-5 - One hour average results (μg/m3) beside Al-Anania waste water station in Damietta.

Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 CO PM10 T.S.P

10:00 6.2 8.7 14.9 21.2 1.6

125.82 161.47

11:00 8.4 11.1 19.5 23.4 1.612:00 4.4 13.8 18.2 29.1 1.813:00 8.6 12.3 20.9 23.6 1.814:00 9.9 13.6 23.5 22.6 1.815:00 8.7 12.8 21.5 22.7 1.916:00 8.1 12.4 20.5 21.8 1.8

17:00 7.7 12.1 19.8 21.6 1.8

Average 7.8 12.1 19.9 23.3 1.8 125.82 161.47

EgyptianLimits 150 150 150 125 10mg/m3 150 230

World BankLimits N/A N/A N/A 125 (It-1)* N/A 150 (It-1) N/A

* IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organization during theimplementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values.

Table 4-6 one hour average results (µg/m3) in El Khalifa residential area in Damietta.


10:00 40.9 45.2 86.1 27.1 3.8

120.62 155.29

11:00 36.8 47.3 78.3 25.2 412:00 35.7 46.1 76.8 23.1 4.313:00 36.2 48.2 84.4 28.2 4.514:00 27.8 42.1 69.9 26.1 515:00 27.5 44.2 71.7 34.2 4.616:00 26.9 40.1 67 24.5 4.217:00 26.2 41.2 67.4 22.7 3.8

Average 32.3 44.3 75.2 26.4 4.3 120.62 155.29

of 314

Page 120 of 314



Egyptian Limits 150 150 150 125 10 mg/m3 150 230

World Bank Limits N/A N/A N/A 125 (It-1) N/A 150 (It-1) N/A

All the recorded data showed compliance with the national and international guidelines for ambientair quality. Moreover, the area is mainly desert with a very scarce source for any pollution other thanthe nearby highway.

4.1.5 Noise

4.1.5.1 Site specific assessmentNoise measurements methodology and measurement method are discussed in Annex 4. The mainresults are shown in the following tables.

Table 4-7 - Ambient Noise levels during daytime at Al-Anania

Time

Sound Level Equivalent&PercentileRecordingsindBAfor8Hours Permissible

LimitsLAeq(dBA)LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National World Bank

10:00 48.2 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

65 70

11:00 47.5 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.5212:00 49.4 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9613:00 55.4 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7714:00 62.4 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.715:00 64.5 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.5716:00 53.1 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9317:00 54.5 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24

By substituting in the noise level equation (in annex 4), the equivalent sound level = 58.4 dBA

Table 4-8 - Ambient Noise Levels during night at Al-Anania

Time

Sound Level Equivalent&PercentileRecordingsindBAfor8Hours

Permissible LimitsLAeq(dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National WorldBank

19:00 40.5 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97 55 70

of 314

Page 121 of 314


20:00 37.5 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.5221:00 39.8 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9622:00 45.3 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7723:00 48.4 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.700:00 44.5 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.5701:00 38.2 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9302:00 37.2 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24


Table 4-9 - Ambient Noise Levels during daytime at Al-Khalifa

Time



LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National World Bank10:00 66.6 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

65 55

11:00 73.1 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.52

12:00 79.2 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9613:00 63.4 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7714:00 58.9 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.715:00 57.6 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.5716:00 55.8 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9317:00 54.5 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24


Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise levels during night at Al-Khalifa

Time



LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National World Bank19:00 56.5 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

55 45

20:00 50.2 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.5221:00 49.8 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9622:00 47.4 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7723:00 48.4 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.700:00 46.2 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.5701:00 38.3 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9302:00 37.7 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24


of 314

Page 122 of 314


The previous analysis results show that the noise level beside Al-Anania waste water treatment plantcomplies with the Egyptian and World Bank regulations. On the other hand, the results show thatthe noise level in El-Khalifa residential area already exceeds both the Egyptian and World Bankregulations in the daytime, and violates the World Bank regulations in the night time.

4.1.6 GeologyThis description is based on a desk review; and a specific geo-technical investigation study for thepipeline route will be conducted before the commencement of the construction activities after thecontractual agreement with the construction contractor.

Until the time of this study preparation, and specifically for the HDD crossings it is expected thatthe soil will consist mainly of Clay soil, and further soil investigations will be done. However,according to GASCO previous experiences, the HDD pipeline crossings will mainly penetratethrough clay in most of the areas, considering that the Damietta branch of the Nile River connectsthe East part of the Delta region with the mid-delta, and the whole area is considered to be claybased. However, GASCO will use interchangeable blades which can adapt to any types of soil foundin any region.

4.1.6.1 Damietta’s Geological HistoryDamietta Governorate’s land mass has been formed as a result of multiple complex

geological processes that have taken place over a significant period of time. The Nile Delta is themost significant geological feature in this region and it was formed in its current form as a result oftwo competing processes; namely, progradation by the river Nile, and land loss due to erosion.The geological history during the pre and early Tertiary period is not major, since deposits fromthese periods have not been found in any great quantity in Nile Delta wells. Three main cycles ofsediment and deposition have governed the geological development of the Delta (Miocene, Plio-Pleistocene and Holocene). The Miocene and the early Pliocene periods are characterized by aregressive sea cycle, but late Pliocene and Holocene periods are characterized by advancing seacycles. On the other hand, a carbonate shelf developed along an east-west line through the middlepart of the Nile delta from the Jurassic to Cretaceous period. In the south, embedded platformcarbonates are found that change to finer grained basin-like faced rock to the north. During the earlytertiary period, Oligocene sediments were formed mainly in the middle and eastern delta, whiletowards the south basalt formations from the Oligocene age caps or Eocene strata are morecommon. The early Neogene history of the Nile Delta is far better known. It began when the Deltaarea was part of the Mediterranean sea, around 15 million years ago.

The Eonile (Miocene Cycle)During this period, precipitation intensity on the Eastern Desert mountains increased which led tothe creation of the river Nile. The waves cut through the stones and terrain creating a canyonformed of sand shales and deposition. Those sediments which form the Delta fan, created theQawasim formation. These sediments consist of massive beds of anhydrite and salt ranging from 10to 20 meters.Marine Gulf Phase (Pliocene Cycle)

of 314

Page 123 of 314


Significant uplift followed by erosion characterize this phase, along with sandstone deposit andshale. Abu Madi formation is a well-known formation in this phase, it represents the base of thelower Pliocene that overlays the Rosetta branch.Paleonite (Pliocene Cycle)During the late Pliocene period, more humid conditions led to the increase of the effect of freshwater on marine gulf sediments, which turned an estuary into a river channel, known as thePaleonile. In the north Delta, sediments belonging to this river system constitute the upper part ofthe Kafr El Sheikh Formation.Protonile (Pliocene Cycle)The Paleonile system ended by an arid period. The water flowed in a wide canyon in the form of astream called the Protonile, which superimposed an alluvial fan into the sea at its end. The phaseddeposits consist of sandy clay sediments representing the El- Wastani Formation.Prenile (Pliocene Cycle)A period of heavy rainfall afterwards led to the formation of the Prenile river. The Prenile flowednorthward over the sandy clay sediments of the El-Wastani Formation throwing out the detritalmaterial into the sea.Such fluvio-marine deposits created Mit Ghamr Formation. During the middleto late Pleistocene, most of the delta was built up under continental to fluvio-marine conditionsadding more material to the Mit Ghamr Formation.Neonile (Holocene Cycle)Around 27,500 years ago river water from Africa formed the Neonile system. Counter effects ofaggradation by the main Nile and rapid down cutting occurred in this period. Between 12,000 to27,500 years ago (late Pleistocene), a drastic change in sea level occurred. During this phase, Deltaprogradation was at its highest reaching a distance which is north of the modern delta’s position.

4.1.6.2 Port Said Geological HistoryPort Said belongs to the far west end of the geological formation of Sinai Coast. Despite the

demise of the sub streams Al-Tinays and Al-Mendis that were previously passing through the region,there are still evidences of silting in the soil analysis. Figure 4-12 shows the geological formation inthe governorate, and the upcoming sub-sections present the chronological development of thegeological formations in the governorate

of 314

Page 124 of 314


Figure 4-12 - Geological Map for Port-Said[Source: EEAA, 2007]

Mit Ghamr FormationThis section consists of about 115 meters of sand, silt and clay deposits overlapped with calcareoussand in the upper part. This formation is from the groundwater aquifers, and it goes back to thePleistocene period.Balqas FormationThis section consists of 18 meters of soft brownish sand overlapped with silt. It represents thenatural extension of old Nile Delta deposits. It goes back to Pleistocene cycle.Rayaheya DepositsThey’re sand deposits that cover the touristic area in addition to some islands and sand breaks. Theyare considered fine granular sand of good quality.

4.1.7 SoilsMost of the soil in Damietta is classified as shown in Figure 4-13 and Figure 4-14 . The

region’s soil consists of fluvial sand deposits in general (calcareous in nature) and suffer from poordrainage, where the water table levels often less than 150 cm below the ground level, which results inhigh soil salinity. This makes the soil suitable for cultivation and agriculture with nearly averageproductivity as shown in Table 4-11.

of 314

Page 125 of 314


As for Port Said, the soil is formed of muddy clay as a result of deposition and sedimentationfrom the Nile Delta. The soil is homogenous to a depth of 15 m under a layer of sand and stonebreaks, which are divided into 13 m of sand and greyish clay followed by 2 m of uncohesive clay.

Figure 4-13 - Egypt Soil ClassificationSource: Governorates Environmental Profile, EEAA

of 314

Page 126 of 314


Figure 4-14 - Soil Classification in Nile Delta and ValleySource: FAO, Egypt Profile

of 314

Page 127 of 314


Table 4-11 - Soil Productivity in Damietta

Soil Classes Area(feddan) % Remarks

Highly productive soil characterised byclays with moderate to high permeability.Generally located beside the river or onislands.

0 0

Above average productivity, oftencomposed of clays. Little problem withsalinity/alkalinity.

23,348 18.26 Old Land

Average productivity, often poorly drained.Salinity/alkalinity are common problems,sandy soils, calcareous nature.

55,826 43.66 Old Land

Poor productivity, found in scattered areas,water table <80 cm below ground level

33,034 25.84 Old Land

Unproductive areas 3.685 2.88 New Land

Areas developed for housing, roads, utilities 11,959 9.36 UncultivatedSource: Damietta Agricultural Directorate

4.1.8 Topography and TerrainThe Nile Delta is characterized by its flat terrain, especially Damietta, that’s because of its location inthe downstream of River Nile, since rivers flow downhill from areas of high elevation towards areasof lower elevation.As for Port Said, it’s also characterized by the lack of topography, mountains, depressions or slopes,and the southern area is covered by parts of Manzala Lake. The ground level ranges from 0.5-1meters above mean sea level. The figure below shows the topographic characteristics in Egypt.

of 314

Page 128 of 314


Figure 4-15 - Topography Map in EgyptSource: Maps of Egypt (https://www.worldofmaps.net/en/africa/map-egypt.htm)

4.1.9 Water: Availability and QualityThe project region “Damietta/Port Said” is almost totally dependent on the Nile water (through El-Salam canal for Port Said governorate) to get the water needs for the Governorate. Existinggroundwater is considered salty and generally is not used, while rainwater is considered extremelylimited and cannot be relied upon as a source of water

4.1.9.1 Damietta Governorate

A) Nile River

The water used for hydrostatic testing before operation phase will be sourced from Nile River(Damietta branch). Hence, the water quality for Nile is discussed below.Since the establishment of the High Dam in Aswan, the Nile water quality has become increasinglydependent on the Lake Nasser characteristics, it became less dependent on the fluctuations of thewater quality coming from the Upper Nile. Overall, the water coming from Lake Nasser is exposedto the same seasonal changes and general characteristics each year. Damietta branch starts at Deltabarrage and ends 220 kilometres down the river at Faraskour dam near Damietta. The main sourcesof pollution in this section are from Talkha Fertilizer Factory, and the “Sarw A’la” drain andDamietta power station. In addition, there are some activities like fish farming in cages along thebranch.

of 314

Page 129 of 314


The water quality analysis carried out by EEAA in Damietta branch for the year 2013 showed:

The physical parameters (pH, Total suspended solids) complied with allowable limits of law48 of the year 1982.

The DO concentration was above the minimum allowable limit (not less than 6 mg/l),ranging from 5.8 – 8.5 mg/l which proves the water’s self-cleansing ability.

BOD level was below the allowable limit for Nile water quality (< 6 mg/l) where it rangesfrom 1.8-6.2 mg/l, which proves the improvement in Damietta’s water quality.

COD levels range from 6.4-13.1 mg/l, which was slightly over the allowable limit (10 mg/l).

The pipeline will intersect with Nile River on its path; the coordinates and specific location ofintersection are given below.

Table 4-12 – Coordinates of Pipeline intersection with Nile RiverProject Name Easting Northing

Elgameel – Damietta Pipeline 31°44'17.95"E 31°22'56.13"N

Figure 4-16 – Location of pipeline intersection with Nile

of 314

Page 130 of 314


Nile water quality monitoring was done across Egypt by the Ministry of Health and Population(MoHP) in different governorates in 2012, and the following table includes the average recordedvalues of 7 points on Damietta Branch. It can be observed that the measured parameters werewithin the permissible limit by Egyptian Law, except COD.

Table 4-13: Damietta Branch Water Quality (MoHP, 2012Parameter Average of Measured Values Allowable Limit by

Egyptian Regulations

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.8 mg/L > 6 mg/LBiological Oxygen Demand(BOD)

2.9 mg/L < 6 mg/L

Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)

10.6 mg/L < 10 mg/L

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 261 mg/L < 500 mg/L

Another study was carried out by researchers at the Department of Geological Sciences, NationalResearch Center in Egypt covering 14 points along Damietta branch. Of those points 2 were veryclose to the location where the Damietta Branch crossing is planned6. The Samples were collectedduring the period from March to May 2015 at a distance of 10- 30 cm from the surface. TheLocations of the significant samples are included in Table 4-14 and the reported results are shown inTable 4-15.

Table 4-14: Locations of the Damietta Branch samplesSample Latitude Longitude

1 (Upstream from crossing) 31˚ 23’ 7.59” 31˚ 44’ 22.84”

2 (Downstream from crossing) 31˚ 22’ 52.64” 31˚ 42’ 55.53”

Table 4-15: Damietta Branch Water Sample ResultsParameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2pH 7.98 7.85TDS mg/L 270.72 289.28EC µs/cm 423 452DO mg/L 7.1 6.8BOD mg/L 2.2 2.6COD mg/L 14 15

6

of 314

Page 131 of 314


CO32- mg/L 10 12

HCO3- mg/L 125 124Cl- mg/L 53 58SO4

2- mg/L 41 32Ca2+ mg/L 23 34Mg2+ mg/L 22 25NO3- mg/L 21 20T-Hardness mg/L 45 59Alkalinity mg/L 35 42Pb mg/L 0.02 0.01Cd mg/L 0.001 0.003Zn mg/L 0.2 0.06Cu mg/L 0.01 0Cr mg/L 0.03 0.05Fe mg/L 0.2 0.1Ni mg/L 0 0.02Mn mg/L 0.08 0Al mg/L 0.02 0.03Hg mg/L 0.001 0.002

B) CanalsThere are four main pumping stations (Bossat, and Alblamon, and Kafr Saad and El-Rassassy) onDamietta branch which feed a large number of canals covering about 470 km. Water quality at thecanals’ upper streams are comparable to the water quality in Nile’s Damietta Branch, however itbegins to deteriorate at the canals’ end. Main sources of pollution of canals include:

Solid waste dumping especially in urban areas crossings. However, after covering the canals,this problem was mitigated.

Mixing of drain and canals water especially at the increasing demand periods (particularlynear the ends of the canals). However, the handling of the mixed water for irrigation shouldbe done carefully because it may limit their production.

One of the main canals in the pipeline route is El Ananeya canal. It is 40 meters wide and issurrounded by agricultural areas and it connects between the River Nile and Manzala lake.Thelocation of the El Ananeya canal along the pipeline route is shown in the following figure.

El-Salam canalEl-Salam Canal is one of the main canals in the project’s area and it is one of the main watercrossings of the pipeline. The location of the El-Salam canal along the pipeline route is shown in the

of 314

Page 132 of 314


following figure. The canal is annually supplied with almost 2 bcm of drainage water. This watercomes from Bahr Hadous, Lower and Upper Serw and Faraskour drains. Then it’s mixed withanother 2 bcm/yr of freshwater from Damietta Branch so that the total annual flow of the canal isabout 4 bcm. The canal’s main function is to supply irrigation water to 200,000 feddans in thewestern Suez Canal region and 440,000 feddans in north-east of Sinai Governorate.Surface water sample was taken from El-Salam Canal and analyzed in the national research institutelab.. The surface water quality monitoring with respect to the parameters analyzed concludes that theoverall quality of water sampled was deemed to be good.

Method of analysis and instruments used are shown in Annex 4. The analysis results are as follows:

Table 4-16: Surface water sample analysis resultsParameters Unit El-Salam canalpH - 8.2

Electric conductivity (EC) µS 446

Temperature O C 24.5

Total dissolved solids mg/L 219

Total suspended solids mg/L 2

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mgO2/L 30

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) mgO2/L 18

Total alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 108

Biocarbonateas alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 108

Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/L ND

Hydroxide as CaCO3 mg /L ND

Chloride mg Cl-/L 38

Sulfate mg SO4/L 42

Ammonia mg NH4+/L 0.7

Nitrate mg NO3-/L ND

Sodium mg Na/L 58

Potassium mg K/L 6.5

Lead mg Pb/L < 0.01

Arsenic mg As/L < 0.01

Copper mg Cu/L < 0.01

Nickel mg Ni/L 0.01

of 314

Page 133 of 314


Parameters Unit El-Salam canal

Zinc mg Zn/L < 0.01

Iron mg Fe/L 0.06

Total Heavy Metals mg /L 0.07

Calcium Mg Ca/L 30

Magnesium mg Mg/L 14

N.D.=NotdetectedN/A=Notapplicable

C) Drains

The total length of the main drains in the governorate is about 310 km. Faraskour drain is one of themain drains intersecting the pipeline route. It is about 30 meters wide and is surrounded byagricultural areas. The location of the Faraskour drain along the pipeline route is shown in thefollowing figure. As mentioned above, this drain is one of the main water supply sources to El-Salam canal.

of 314

Page 134 of 314


Figure 4-17 - Location of Canals and Drains in DamiettaSource: Damietta Environmental Profile, EEAA, Seam Programme

D) Ground waterDue to the site location of Damietta on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the

groundwater is characterized by high salinity. The proportion of dissolved salts ranges between15,000 ppm in the south of the Governorate to 45,000 ppm along the Mediterranean coast and LakeManzala. Thus, the groundwater is not used for drinking purposes, and only a small quantity is usedin irrigation.

4.1.9.2 Port Said Governorate

A) Surface WaterOne of the most important surface water resources in Port Said Governorate is El-Salam Canal-discussed in the above section. It is located in the Governorate’s middle nearer to the south till itpasses under the Suez Canal in its way towards North Sinai. The pipeline doesn’t cross the canal inPort-Said governorate

B) Sea and Lakes

North Coastal WaterPart of the pipeline will pass in proximity to the north coastal line. Port Said lies on theMediterranean Sea and its shore extends for over 55 km. The Mediterranean water merges withLake Manzala waters through Boughazi-Elgameel which helps the water exchange between sea andlake during tidal waves. North Coast in general, and the Delta in particular, is exposed to erosionand sedimentation processes within the natural coastal system. This helps reaching the shoreline toreach equilibrium including redistributing the deposits.

Lake ManzalaAs mentioned in Chapter 2, the project will pass in very close proximity to Lake-Manzala. It’ssituated between Damietta Branch and Suez Canal. It’s considered the largest lake in the regionamong Mariot, Edko, Burullus lakes, and it produces the biggest annual fish production of about 60thousand ton. The lake also is a sink for seven main drains which discharge annually about 6 to 7bcm of wastewater into the lake. Bahr El-Baqar and Hadous drains are responsible for about 75% ofthis annual discharge where they transmit untreated municipal and industrial wastes from Cairo andother Delta cities.

The original surface area is about 1700 km2, but fish farm development, land reclamation and reedgrowth have reduced the lake’s area from to less than 1200 km2. The fish farms were observedduring the team’s site visits to the project’s area in two main locations as shown inFigure 4-2presents an image for one of the fish farms located there.

Water quality in Lake Manzala is deteriorating. Recorded levels of several heavy metals exceedpermissible limits by more than a factor of 20. For the standard chemical parameters (Totaldissolved solids (TDS), COD, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), sulphates) the recorded levels

of 314

Page 135 of 314


show excesses of between 3 and 10 times the permissible limits. The main problem responsible forthe decline in water quality is thought to be related to two factors: the pollution loads of inlet watersand the reduced levels of seawater entering the lake since the sea connections were restricted in1967.

4.1.10 Ecology and Biodiversity

4.1.10.1 OverviewThe Governorate of Damietta can be divided into four different environmental habitats namely:marine and coastal environments, wetlands, arable lands and finally urban areas. Each of theseenvironments is home to a unique set of animals and plants that will be identified in the followingsections.

Damietta has many marine and coastal resources due to the fact that the northern coast faces theMediterranean Sea.

4.1.10.2 IUCN Red ListThe International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Speciesevaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species and is widely recognized as acomprehensive global approach. The IUCN Red List highlights plant and animal species that arefacing a higher risk of global extinction by listing them as Critically Endangered, Endangered andVulnerable. Table 4-17 shows the Red List of Egypt’s terrestrial species without taking intoconsideration extinct species, extinct in the wild or of least concern. No endemic or endangeredspecies are located in or around the project sites.

Table 4-17 - Red List Species of Egypt

Species Status Population Trend

Fauna

Acanthodactylus pardalis (Leopard Fringe-fingered Lizard) Vulnerable Decreasing

Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) Vulnerable Decreasing

Addax nasomaculatus (Addax) Critically Endangered Decreasing

Allactaga tetradactyla (Four-toed Jerboa) Vulnerable Unknown

Ammotragus lervia (Aoudad) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila clanga (Greater Spotted Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila heliaca (Eastern Imperial Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Capra nubiana (Nubian Ibex) Vulnerable Decreasing

Caretta caretta (Loggerhead) Endangered (needs updating)

of 314

Page 136 of 314



Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle) Endangered Decreasing

Chersophilus duponti (Dupont's Lark) Near Threatened Decreasing

Chlamydotis undulata (Houbara Bustard) Vulnerable Decreasing

Circus macrourus (Pallid Harrier) Near Threatened Decreasing

Coracias garrulus (European Roller) Near Threatened Decreasing

Crocidura floweri (Flower's Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Crocidura religiosa (Egyptian Pygmy Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Emberiza cineracea (Cinereous Bunting) Near Threatened Decreasing

Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle) Critically Endangered (not given)

Falco cherrug (Saker Falcon) Endangered Decreasing

Falco concolor (Sooty Falcon) Near Threatened Decreasing

Falco naumanni (Lesser Kestrel) Vulnerable Decreasing

Falco vespertinus (Red-footed Falcon) Near Threatened (not given)

Felis margarita (Sand Cat) Near Threatened Unknown

Ficedula semitorquata (Semi-collared Flycatcher) Near Threatened Decreasing

Gazella dorcas (Dorcas Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Gazella gazella (Mountain Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Gazella leptoceros (Slender-horned Gazelle) Endangered Decreasing

Geochelone sulcata (African Spurred Tortoise) Vulnerable (needs updating)

Geronticus eremita (Northern Bald Ibis) Critically Endangered Decreasing

Hippopotamus amphibius (Common Hippopotamus) Vulnerable Decreasing

Hyaena hyaena (Striped Hyaena) Near Threatened Decreasing

Meriones sacramenti (Buxton's Jird) Vulnerable Decreasing

Milvus milvus (Red Kite) Near Threatened (not given)

Monachus monachus (Mediterranean Monk Seal) Critically Endangered Decreasing

Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture) Endangered Decreasing

of 314

Page 137 of 314



Numenius arquata (Eurasian Curlew) Near Threatened Decreasing

Oryx leucoryx (Arabian Oryx) Endangered Decreasing

Panthera leo (Lion) Vulnerable Decreasing

Panthera pardus (Leopard) Near Threatened Decreasing

Paragomphus sinaiticus Vulnerable Unknown

Pelecanus crispus (Dalmatian Pelican) Vulnerable Decreasing

Philochortus zolii Critically Endangered Decreasing

Pipistrellus ariel (Desert Pipistrelle) Data Deficient Unknown

Plecotus christii Data Deficient Unknown

Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely's Horseshoe Bat) Vulnerable Decreasing

Serinus syriacus (Syrian Serin) Vulnerable Decreasing

Spalax ehrenbergi (Middle East Blind Mole Rat) Data Deficient Decreasing

Telescopus hoogstraali Endangered Decreasing

Testudo graeca (Spur-thighed Tortoise) Vulnerable (needs updating)

Testudo kleinmanni (Kleinmann's Tortoise) Critically EndangeredDecreasing

Testudo werneri (Negev Tortoise) Critically Endangered Decreasing

Torgos tracheliotos (Lappet-faced Vulture) Vulnerable Decreasing

Trapelus savignii (Savigny's Agama) Vulnerable Decreasing

Flora

Dracaena ombet Endangered (not given)

Medemia argun Critically Endangered (not given)

4.1.10.3 Important Bird Areas and Bird SpeciesAccording to literature review, Damietta and more accurately the Manzala Lake and its surroundingsis an important wetland for wintering water birds. During the winter of 1989/90 233,901 water birdswere recorded which represents around 40% of all waterfowl counted throughout Egypt’s wetlandsthat winter. Furthermore, Manzala is an important breeding ground for about 35 species of waterand wetland birds. Table 4-18 shows the key bird species found in Damietta and an approximatenumber of their breeding pairs and non-breeding individuals.

of 314

Page 138 of 314


Table 4-18 -Keybird species in DamiettaScientific Name Breeding Pairs Non-Breeding

Phalacrocorax Carbo

Egretta garzetta

Casmerodius albus

Ardeola ralloides

Anas clypeata

Porphyrio porphyrio

Recurvirostra avosetta

Charadrius hiaticula

Charadrius alexandrinus

Charadrius pecuarius

Vanellus spinosus

Tringa tetanus

Larus minutus

Larus Ridibundus

Larus genei

Larus armenicus

Sterna albifrons

Chlidonias hybridus

-

-

-

300

-

500

-

-

-

-

300

-

-

-

-

-

1500

-

22,500

1,073

528

-

12,021

-

8,981

563

4,323

35

-

3,247

47,316

45,080

2,269

358

-

39,331

The project site lies within an important Bird Area which is represented by a red circle inFigure 4-18.

of 314

Page 139 of 314


Figure 4-18 -Important Bird Areas of Egypt

Figure 4-19 - Left: Phalacrocorax Carbo, Right: Larus Ridibundus

4.1.10.4 FaunaMammalsAccording to desktop research, a total of ten small mammal species are documented in thegovernorate of Damietta which are mainly compromised of bats and rodents. Large mammals onthe other hand are fewer in number with the rare jungle Cat Felis chaus (Figure 4-20) recorded inthe area.

of 314

Page 140 of 314


Figure 4-20 -Felis chaus

ReptilesFourteen species of reptiles and six amphibians have been reported in Damietta Governorateaccording to literature review. The Loggerhead seat turtle Caretta caretta is the only sea turtle speciesdocumented in Damietta but there are no records of breeding the area.

Figure 4-21 - Caretta caretta

4.1.10.5 FloraAccording to the desktop research, natural Vegetation in Damietta is not very prevalent except inthe wetland areas and is found in higher abundance to the north of the governorate as compared tothe south. Most of the natural vegetation along the Mediterranean coast has been destroyed with theexception of a few patches of vegetation.

Species of Zygophyllum aegyptium with Calligonum comosum dominate the coastal dunes of theMediterranean Sea and form a narrow belt of vegetation which runs parallel to the coast. On theother hand halophytes (vegetation that grows in water of high salinity) such as Halocnemum

of 314

Page 141 of 314


astrobilaceum and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum are found around the coastal saltmarshes, whilespecies such as Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis dominate inland wetlands and largeparts of Lake Manzalla.

Furthermore Pistia stratiotes and Nymphaea lotus are locally rare flora that can be found aroundcanals, drains and rivers, while Willows Salix species were identified to be found around the NileRiver basin and larger canals. Another known species recorded in the downstream section of theDamietta Branch of the Nile is Cyperus papyrus.

Finally Phoenix dactylifera also known as Date Palm is a common native species that is found in thenorthern part of the governorate, while Casuarina and Eucalyptus sp. are introduced species in thearea and serve as windbreaks around field edges.

Figure 4-22 -Left: Calligonum comosum, Right: Phragmites australis

Figure 4-23 -Left: Pistia stratiotes, Right: Nymphaea lotus

of 314

Page 142 of 314


4.1.10.6 Protectorates

Figure 4-24 - Protected Areas of Egypt

of 314

Page 143 of 314


Figure 4-25 –Proximity of Protectorate to Pipeline

The figure above shows the protected areas presenting both the current protected areas (greenblocks) and the future protected areas (red blocks), as well as the proposed project location which isindicated in a black circle next to Ashtum El-Gamil Protectorate.

According to Figure 4-24 and Figure 4-25, Ashtum El Gamil Protectorate is close to the project site(around 6 km away). Ashtum El Gamil is a protected Area with an area of 180 km2 and was declaredto be protected by Prime Ministerial Decree 459/1988. Lake Manzalah is connected with theMediterranean Sea through Ashtum El Gamil The main reason that this area was classified asprotected was to protect gravid fish during their passage in and out of Manzala, through Bughaz ElGamil. Furthermore most of the flora found in the protectorate is made up of rooted plants such asPhragmites, Potamogeton, Ceratophyllum, and Naja species. The area of Ashtum El Gamil serves asan important wintering place for numerous species of birds like Phalacrocorax carbo, Egretta alabaand many more species. Due to the small size of this protectorate and the lack of its waterfowlhabitat it is not highly significant for the conservation of the vast majority of Manzala’s resident andtransient avifauna.

of 314

Page 144 of 314


4.1.11 Socio-economic profile

This section highlights the most important socio-economic features of the areas that the route willbe traversing. The pipeline passes through two governorates namely (Damietta and Port Said) asshown in the attached map Figure 4-26 - Route of the pipeline passing through Damietta and PortSaid governorates:

Figure 4-26 - Route of the pipeline passing through Damietta and Port Said governorates

of 314

Page 145 of 314


Damietta Governorate

Damietta is one of Egypt's coastalgovernorates. It is located on theMediterranean Sea, at the north ofDelta on the eastern bank of theRiver Nile. The governorate's totalarea is 910.26 km2, and is divided into5districts, 10 cities, 47 local ruralunits, 33 villages and 486 hamlets.The total population of Damietta is1.37 inhabitants.

Damietta is characterized by smallproduction units run by privatesector. Damietta is famous forhandicraft industries includingfurniture carpentry, dairy products,shoes, sweets as well as big industries suchas spinning and weaving, dairy products,fish processing, oil and soaps, pressed woods "DMF", rice mills and wheat grain grinder.

Damietta has the largest fishing fleet and ship building industry in Egypt. Since the opening ofDamietta port in 1986 that operates with Alexandria port to promote containers transfer and transitservices, it is considered the biggest port in Egypt in terms of containers' area. The governorate hasfree industrial zone on the eastern border of Damietta port spanning over 190 feddans anddedicated to establish export industrial projects.

New Damietta city is a new industrial area governed by New Urban Communities' law. Damietta isalso privileged with considerable investment opportunities either in the industrial or in the coastalzones as well as investment in housing.

Figure 4-27 - Administrative Map of DamiettaGovernorate

of 314

Page 146 of 314


Port Said Governorate

Port Said is one of the urbangovernorates which lies in thenorth east of the Delta with adistinguished location overlookingthe Suez Canal and theMediterranean Sea. Thegovernorate's total area is 1344.96km2, the governorate's populationis 683 thousand persons(CAPMAS 2015).

Port Said is bordered from thenorth by the Mediterranean Sea, inthe south by Ismailia and in thewest by Damietta, Sharkia andDakhlia. To the east, it bordersNorth Sinai, thus it has aneconomic importance andimportant trade link.Port Said isadministratively divided into 7districts namely: Port Fouad, Al-Sharq, Al Arab, AL-Munakh, Al Dawahi, Al-Zohour, and Al-Ganoub, in addition to two main cities.

The main economic activities focus on ports services, transit trade, fishing and, recently, industrialactivity. Port Said port is an integrated system for maritime transport, and occupies an influential keyposition in the national economy due to its location as a trade liaison between the East and the West

Socio-economic profile of the surrounding villages

The following section describes the socio-economic profile of the surrounding villages to thepipeline route. The villages are located in Damietta governorate. The surrounding villages aremainly rural except for Kafr el Batikh which is considered a city (has been previously considered theone of the largest villages in Egypt).

Figure 4-28 - Administrative map of Port Said Governorate

of 314

Page 147 of 314


Table 4-19 - Population and income description (Income and Expenditure Survey, CAPMAS, 2013)Hamlets Population Percentage of

poor peoplePer capitaconsumption

Poverty gap

Ezbet el Basrtah 22302 11.51 5883.9 1.47

Ezbet el Ananya 21886 9.42 6248.67 1.18

Ezbet AwladHamam

4206 11.27 5917.29 1.42

Al Hourany 8523 9.6 5983.66 1.16

Ezbet Kouhail 5840 19.29 5289.42 2.58

Al Khalifa 2036 7.9 6230.35 0.93

Kafr el Batikh city 34156 15.85 5864.95 2.85

According to the previous table (Table 4-19 - Population and income description (Income andExpenditure Survey, CAPMAS, 2013), Kafr el Batikh city is the most populated area, it depends onagriculture in addition to manufacturing of handmade furniture and also is close to the NewDamietta port. The other villages depend mainly on agriculture for livelihood.

4.1.12 Social Land Use of theroute

The route spans across diverse areasfrom the point of view of socio-economic analysis, these areas aredescribed in the following section:

- Semi Desert areas: Theareas located at the beginningof valve room number 2(Port Tawfik/Teena 42”pipeline), behind PetrobelPetroleum company at ElGamil area (South Port Said/ Damietta Road). At this area the line extends for about 300 meters until it traverses Port

Figure 4-29 - Port Said / Damietta Road

of 314

Page 148 of 314


Said / Damietta Road. The route passes beside Enei Petroleum Company. Then extends tothe west for 3 kms parallel to Port Said/ Damietta Road then passes west for 2 kms acrossPort Said / Damietta Road and the International Coastal Road.

These areas can be characterized by limited socio-economic activities; hence there are limitedimpacts on livelihood.

- Coastal areas (FishFarming areas -Manzala lake): Theareas located parallel toManzala lake ischaracterized by fishfarming plots. The routepasses the fish farmingarea along with theManzala lake for about29 kms parallel to theInternational CoastalRoad.

- Agricultural areas: the pipeline extends across agricultural areas located in Damiettastarting from AhmedShoulah’ village nearSalam Canal at AwladHamam hamlet. Theline extends north westat the agricultural areaspassing Awlad Khalifavillage until it passesFarskour/MansouraRoad. The line thenfinally passes the RiverNile it finally reachesthe valve room (valveroom no. 3 Edku/Damietta pipeline) atKafr el Batikh agricultural areas. The main impacts here will be on the livelihood of farmersdue to temporary land acquisition during construction of the pipeline.

Figure 4-30 - Fish farming areas at Manzala lake

Figure 4-31 - Cultivated areas at Damietta Governorate

of 314

Page 149 of 314


4.1.13 Social Concerns

- Fish Farming areas at ManzalaLake:

Findings from the field work haveidentified potential impacts for theline as it extends in the fishfarming area close to ManzalaLake. The impacts that weredescribed by the local communityindicate that there will besignificant impacts on thelivelihood of the fishermen.

The construction works requires tofully dry the fish farm area in orderto conduct the excavation. Thiswill require paying a compensationof the whole fish farm to thePAPs.

There are also several illegal encroachments such as extension of some fish farms in the area.

The compensation value will depend on the type of fish and age of fish as well.

Findings from the field visits show that fish farms are closed for cleaning between December andMarch. The consultant recommends conducting the construction works during that time to limit theamounts of compensation and limit the adverse impacts on livelihood.

- Agricultural areas:

The route extends in agricultural areas for about 12 kms, where excavation works will havetemporary significant adverse impacts on the livelihood of farmers.

Findings from the field work show the following social concerns:

- Land use varies across the route, including cultivated areas, surface waterways as well as main roadsand internal roads.

Figure 4-32 - An interview with one of the PAPs

of 314

Page 150 of 314


- Several encroachments on agricultural lands occur, where structures have been erected in the route.It must be noted that theurbanization trend willcontinue tremendously whichwill have an impact on thedesign of the route. It will benecessary at some areas to dosome changes to the route toavoid existing buildings7.

- The prevalent crops are(wheat – trefoil - beans), theactual compensation value willdepend on the croppingseason. Some types of treesdo not have a defined value atthe agricultural cooperativessuch as willow trees.

- There is a highly populatedarea at the area aftertraversing the Nile River and Farscour/Mansoura road. It was noted that open excavation will bedifficult at this area due to the existing structures. Thus it is recommended to conduct the excavationat this area using the HDD technology.

7 No structures are expected to be demolished. GASCO will maneuver the line according to the agreement with landowners and no structures will be demolished. The RAP study details also the avoidance mechanisms conducted byGASCO to avoid demolishing any structures and also details the future procedure in case the land becomes urbanized.In this case GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urban boundaries, the owner ofthe land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes. In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the landwhere the pipelines are and prevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from the ownersat replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6 and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year 1988.

Figure 4-33 - Internal streets at the route of the pipeline

of 314

Page 151 of 314


Figure 4-34 - Photo collection during conducting the field work

of 314

Page 152 of 314


5 Environmental and Social ImpactsThe environmental and social advantages of upgrading the Egyptian Natural Gas Network arediverse. Natural Gas provides improved safety, reduced financial burden on the national budget, andsecure supply to the power plants. On the national level, it promotes the utilization of Egyptiannatural resources and reduces the subsidy and import burden. Even on the global level, the projectinvolves cleaner fuel with reduced carbon footprint.

A thorough analysis of environmental and social impacts is important to detail an effectivemanagement and monitoring plan which will minimize negative impacts and maximize positives.

All the potential impacts will be analyzed and discussed in the sections below. Afterwards, a ratingmatrix method will be applied to identify the significance of the impacts based on the frequency andseverity of each impact. This evaluation method is used to determine the most significant impacts,and the suitable mitigation measures that will be applied to eliminate or reduce the adverse effect ofsuch impacts on the environment and surrounding community as much as possible.

The assessment of impacts distinguishes between the construction phase and the operations phase.

5.1 Positive Impacts

5.1.1 During the construction phase

5.1.1.1 Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborersThe project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities, both directly andindirectly. Based on similar projects implemented recently by GASCO, the daily averagenumber of workers during the peak time will be about 750 temporary workers for 6 months(total of 90000 workers days). The local community could theoretically provide a proportionof this temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the individualcontractors in sourcing their workforce.

In order to maximize employment opportunities in the local communities it is anticipated thattraining will be required for currently unskilled workers. On-the-job training will alsosupplement opportunities for the local workforce for both temporary construction roles alsofor long-term operations phase position, where these are available.

5.1.1.2 Create indirect opportunitiesIncreased economic activity in project through the following supply chain:

• Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operationand closure of the site and ancillary facilities;

• Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;• Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;• Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;• Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation

and maintenance;

of 314

Page 153 of 314


• Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurementequipment;

• Security personnel;• Retail services;• Provision of fuel;• Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities;• National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

5.1.2 During the operation phase

5.1.2.1 Economic ImpactsThe expansion of the National Natural Gas Grid has several positive economic impacts:

Support the expansion of power generation projects. The current gas connection lines willmainly provide energy source for the new “Siemens Power Stations”. The expansion inpower generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity grid;

Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to localindustries which will indirectly create job opportunities;

Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel;

5.2 Negative Impacts

5.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts

5.2.1.1 Air Quality Dust Emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase due to the on-site

activities such as land preparation, excavation and refilling activities, also in addition to themovement of the construction vehicles can generate some fugitive dust. The generation ofdust can cause negative health effect on the respiratory system of the workers, and thesurrounding community in the close vicinity of the construction works.

Minor gaseous emissions can be expected to occur from the construction activities such aswelding of pipe connections, and coating these connections with the polyethylene sheets.Additionally, gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase as aresult of the exhaust gases from vehicles and equipment (excavator, loader, bulldozer,trailer,…) in addition to gaseous emissions from diesel generators.

However, these emissions are expected to be in small amounts and temporary. Minimal odor emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase from

chemicals, oils and paints used during the construction phase.

Due to the continuity of the construction activities, the impact level from dust emission is expectedto be High.

of 314

Page 154 of 314


5.2.1.2 Aquatic EnvironmentThe aquatic environments can be impacted in case of improper disposal of construction wastes ordebris in the waterways. Also the improper disposal of the wastewater resulting from the hydrostatictesting of the pipeline can cause changes in the characteristics if the waterways used for suchdisposal.. The other construction activities (e.g. pipe laying, trench backfilling, magnetic cleaning,purging) will not generate any wastewater that may affect the aquatic environment.

Usually the generated wastewater, as well as water resulting from the dewatering activities duringexcavation, will be disposed of in the sewage networks, and in the case that the water will bedisposed back to the water bodies, full coordination with the Ministry of water and irrigation andwith the Holding Company for Water and Wastewater will take place, and proper testing will becarried out to ensure that the disposed water quality is within the limits required by the law.

However, in case the contractor improperly disposed construction wastes or debris in a waterway,there will be adverse impact on the aquatic environment there.

In case of not applying HDD technology for Nile River and El Salam Lake crossings, the othertechnology would be mainly laying the pipeline into a trench along the river bottom, and thenbackfilling and covering it with concrete. In this case, the pipe is more exposed to damage from shipanchors for example, and if leakage occurs, the aquatic environment will be adversely impacted.

During construction, without good practices or improper disposal, the impact on aquaticenvironment is expected to be High.

5.2.1.3 Noise and VibrationThe main sources of noise and vibration during the construction phase are the operation of theconstruction equipment and machinery such as diggers, cranes, loaders and transportation trucks.Increased road traffic as a result of the excavation activities will also increase the noise intensitylevel. The negative impact will be mainly affecting the operators working on the site In case theoperators don’t use their PPE, they may be subject to hearing loss.

In addition, nearby residents will be affected by the increased noise levels during the constructionphase. Additionally, noise and vibration is expected to be higher in small secondary roads whereopen cut drilling and pavement is expected to be used.

The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the day time, and the noise andvibration impacts are expected to be High.

5.2.1.4 Flora and FaunaThe pipeline route will pass through several lands of different natures, including costal area besidethe Manzla Lake and then agricultural land. There is no significant effect on the flora and fauna at

of 314

Page 155 of 314


the Lake coast as the plants found in some areas are salt tolerant wild plants with no significantimportance. On the other hand, the agricultural land crops will be affected as no cultivation will takeplace during the construction season, which is a temporary effect and the land will be restored to itsoriginal state after the construction activities are concluded.

The effect on flora and fauna is expected to last during the construction period, and then restored toits original state, therefore the impact is considered as Medium.

5.2.1.5 Land use, landscape and visual ImpactThe construction activities; including the right of way activities, will affect the agricultural landduring the construction period which is expected to continue over the period of one agriculturalseason, and then afterwards the land will be restored to its original state and leveled. In case that thepipeline will pass close to residential areas, care will be taken to not to negatively affect the areas ofpassage. The only land areas that will be permanently used are the valve room locations. However,this impact is seasonal only and will be eliminated after the project construction ends; since theagricultural lands will be restored to their original state.

No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and is under operation. Althoughsome restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW (2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2meters) in rural areas from the center of the pipeline), those limitations do not apply on this projectfor the following reasons:

The route will pass across land which is only classified as agriculture land8 (no urbanareas and no cities or villages) or vacant state owned land.

GASCO consult with the survey department before determining the route to ensure thatthe land of the route is not getting into urban boundaries in the near future.

There will be no restriction of use of the land of the route of this project since the PAPcan continue cultivating all the kind of crops and trees9 they are currently cultivating. Thetypes of trees with deep roots (e.g. wood trees) which are restricted above the gas linesare not normally cultivated in this area.

In the future, if the land where the pipelines are installed gets into urban boundaries,GASCO purchases the land from the owner. By law, once the land is within urbanboundaries, the owner of the land is allowed to use the land for construction purposes.In such cases and in order for GASCO to secure the land where the pipelines are andprevent any activities that may damage the pipelines, GASCO buys the land from theowners at replacement value in line with market prices. This is stipulated under Article 6and 7 of the Decree number 292 Year 1998 on the executive regulations of Law 4 year1988. The 2 articles deal with the cases where damages occur to the owner of the land as

8 Construction on agriculture land is prohibited by law

9 It is normal for the trees cultivation to be made in rows with about 12 m distance left between the rows.The farmer will put into consideration the location of the pipeline and ensure it is in the middle of the 12mdistance.

of 314

Page 156 of 314


a result of the implementation of Law 4. GASCO deals with the cases where the landgets into urban boundaries after the pipeline is installed as damage for the owner whoshould benefit from full market value for his land. In such cases, the affected personapproaches GASCO, inform about the case and a new contract is signed for purchasingthe land. This kind of arrangement is clearly known to the farmers and GASCO(through its compensation committee) always share this information during the earlyawareness raising and information sessions.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be high but for a limited time period.

5.2.1.6 Soils, Geology and HydrogeologyThe excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics. This willbe more pronounced in the trench’s area (around 1 meter depth) where excavation, pipeline laying,and soil compaction as a result of heavy equipment take place. Soil disturbance at higher depths willalso take place in case of applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition,potential soil contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

However, the impact on the soil characteristics of the agricultural land is temporary and low since itjust affects small depth.

5.2.1.7 TrafficAn increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the constructionmaterials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. Also, the constructionactivities may lead to rerouting the small secondary/internal roads which the pipeline route passesunder for 1-2 days, when either boring or open cut excavation methods are used.

This will lead to reduction in the average speed of the vehicles on the road and the number ofoperating lanes, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase the probabilityof having car accidents. While the traffic rerouting will only be for a limited number of days duringthe boring or open cut excavation work and the impact is expected to be medium.

In addition, construction trucks movement can be considered to be a continuous process during theconstruction phase, with a medium impact.

5.2.1.8 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural HeritageThere are no archaeological concerns that encounter the pipeline route, however, if anyarcheological sites are discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be takento report the site and construction will be stopped.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be insignificant.

5.2.1.9 Natural Disaster RiskEarthquake and floods may disturb the construction activities. This has the potential to negativelyimpact the time schedule of the construction activities and may cause injuries or fatalities to theworkers.

of 314

Page 157 of 314


However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the impact isexpected to be short-termed, however of Medium impact.

5.2.1.10 Major Accidents and HazardsThe construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery which may affectthe land in the project site.

As most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized in such activities, theeffect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short-term.

5.2.1.11 Solid Waste ManagementSolid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from theproject activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste streams:Hazardous wastes: Welding belts Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes: Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Geotextiles; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;

Domestic Wastes:

From the labor use on-site.

Adverse impacts on the environment from the possible improper disposal of the solid wastes inaddition to the increased demand for landfill space. Furthermore, adverse impacts from increasedtraffic load when transporting waste to designated landfills and/or disposal sites are expected.Accordingly, the impact of improper solid waste handling is expected to be High.

of 314

Page 158 of 314


5.2.1.12 Public HealthThe dust and noise resulting from the construction activities may affect the health of the residents inpopulated areas along the pipeline route.

The selected plot for the workers camp for Damietta pipeline project will be in an agricultural landwhich will be used after agreeing with the land owner and the owner will be fully and fairlycompensated during the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to theowner). The location of the workers camp will be decided upon before the commencement of theconstruction activities.

Moreover, it is not expected that there will be a spread of infectious diseases among workers such asHIV/AIDS since they are not commonly spread among the community. Additionally, the provisionsof occupational health and safety laws at the workplace will be applied.

Care will be taken to reduce the effect of these impacts as much as reasonably practicable inpopulated area; also the duration of the construction activities in each location is expected to beShort.

5.2.1.13 Occupational Health and SafetyThe workers will be subjected to health and safety hazards during the construction phase from theon-site construction activities.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Medium.

5.2.1.14 Existing InfrastructureThe construction phase may lead to breaking any of the underground infrastructure pipelines (water,sewerage or telecommunication) which will result in negative impacts on the water supply or thetelecommunication service for the surrounding areas and in case of breaking a sewerage line, adverseenvironmental impacts may take place since the sewage may flood to the main road/agriculturalland, and infiltrate to the ground water and also residents of the affected area will face watershortage.

The effect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short period of time.

5.2.1.15 Energy UseThere will be an increase in the energy consumption during the construction phase as a result of thetransportation of equipment & construction materials to the project site as well as the equipmentused for on-site preparation (front loaders, trucks, etc).

However, this increase in energy use is not significant and does not affect other users of energy.

of 314

Page 159 of 314


5.2.1.16 Land Requirements

Permanent acquisition of land (willing seller – willing buyer approach): for the establishment of the valverooms. In such cases, the common rule of GASCO is to provide full replacement cost forpurchasing the land as per the market price under satisfactory, agreeable and appropriate agreement.It might be roughly suggested that each of the land plots (25m x 45 m) for each of the valve rooms.The line will require the establishment of 4 new valve rooms.

GASCO follows the principles of the willing buyer - willing seller by defining alternativesand always giving the opportunity to the land owner to refuse to sell his/her land. In casethe land owners are not willing to sell their land, GASCO design team reroutes the line topass through areas where land owners are willing to sell.

Based on field experience, the farmers were usually willing to sell their land to GASCO.GASCO usually purchases the land at a value that is equivalent to or above the market value.This ends with a value that is equivalent to the replacement value (here is equivalent to themarket value in addition to any taxes or other fees associated with purchase/registration/titletransfer of comparable replacement land)10. The RAP team was informed that even thoughthe land is agriculture land, GASCO offers to buy it at a price equivalent to housing areasprice which is significantly higher than the regular market price for agricultural land.

Temporary acquisition of land: negative impact on the local livelihoods of farmers due to the temporaryacquisition of land and the subsequent impact of damaging crops. Farming, in most of the cases, isthe sole source of income for the affected farmers. The project construction phase will necessitatetemporary expropriation of about 316,225 m2 of agriculture land during the construction. AResettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. TheRAP involves a full inventory survey for the PAPs and valuation for the compensation that shouldbe paid.

Temporary land acquisition and the subsequent damages on drying of the fish farms for a total area of3,356,850 m2. For small fisherman this represents the sole income in many cases. A ResettlementAction Plan (RAP) was prepared guided by the WB Resettlement Policy OP 4.12. The RAP involvesa full inventory survey for the PAPs and a valuation for the compensation that should bepaid.Although the RAP has been prepared and the impact on land acquisition is mostly temporary,localized but with high severity, it is considered to the farmers whose livelihood depends on farmingas a major inconvenience.

10 In determining the market price, the compensation committee of GASCO resort to recent land sellingtransactions that took place in the area for similar plots of land. The committee also has valuation expertsand, in many cases, resort to local key informants from the area.

of 314

Page 160 of 314


5.2.1.17 Temporary storing of equipment and construction material and workers campsTemporary occupation of land will be required for the workers camps and storing of equipment andmaterials. Most of the time, the selected plot will be in a public area (road for example) where thereis enough space. However, in case temporary use of land may result in the alteration of previous useor agricultural production, the loss for the previous user should be fully and fairly compensatedduring the period of occupation by the project (full rent price will be paid to the owner).Temporaryoccupation of land could raise some issues related to poor sanitation arrangement and impropermethods used for disposal of solid wastes and effluents.

Due to the extensive excavation required for this project, and the relative uncertainty on adequatemeasures to be taken by the contractor for temporary land allocation, the impact level is consideredModerate.

5.2.1.18 Impacts on local mobility at villages due to excavation waste accumulationPotential temporary inconvenience as result of the construction activities. This could be in the formof accumulation of wastes (both construction and domestic waste in the construction areas,associated odor, air emissions, especially dust as a result of excavation. These impacts are oftemporary nature and will be of very limited level of severity, particularly since the constructionactivities will be in farms and not populated areasImpact related to accumulation of excavation waste during the construction phase is Moderate

5.2.1.19 Labor conditions and occupational health and safetyThroughout this phase there will be many occupational health and safety risks to workers on thesites. These are generic risks associated with construction sites and include slips and falls; movinglorries and machinery; exposure to chemicals and other hazardous materials; exposure to electricshock and burns; weather related impacts (dehydration; heat stroke). This is short term (6-12months) but because of the large number of unskilled workers who are reluctant to use health andsafety tools.

Impact related to Occupational health and safety during the construction phase is Major

5.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

5.2.2.1 Air QualityNo gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase except for the potentialnatural gas leak or in case of accidents and during maintenance activities. In addition, the gaseousemissions generated by natural gas combustion for power generation are much lower than thoseassociated with heavy fuel oil (mazout) or coal, which is a positive impact. Additionally, no dust orodor emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase of the project.

of 314

Page 161 of 314



5.2.2.2 Aquatic EnvironmentThe project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment.


5.2.2.3 Noise and vibrationMinimal noise will be generated from the operation of the valve rooms.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be low.

5.2.2.4 Ecology (Flora and Fauna)The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna since the pipeline is laid underground withminimal maintenance activities.


5.2.2.5 Land use, Landscape and Visual ImpactSince the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain itsusage and no visual impacts will occur.


5.2.2.6 Soil, Geology and HydrogeologyThe operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land.


5.2.2.7 TrafficThe operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation.


5.2.2.8 Natural Disaster RiskNatural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take placein the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. Thismay also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding residents and environment, the impact level of thisaspect is considered to be high.

of 314

Page 162 of 314


5.2.2.9 Major Accidents and EmergenciesAccidents and emergencies such as release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure inthe pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during the operation ofthe proposed project. This may also take place as a result of sabotage or trespass.

Such accidents may result in fires in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death tothe nearby human beings. This may also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to thenearby area. A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted by GASCO to determine the levelof threat to the public in case of an accident or emergency. The results of the QRA are annexed tothe ESIA.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding residents and environment, the impact level of thisaspect is considered to be high.

5.2.2.10 Solid and Hazardous Waste ManagementThe pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have anegative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.11 Public HealthApart from the big accidents that may take place due to the release of significant natural gasamounts, nothing may cause adverse impacts on the public health and the project activity will nothave a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.12 Occupational Health and SafetyThe pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a smallnumber of workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will nothave a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.13 Existing InfrastructureThe project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerningthe existing infrastructure.


5.2.2.14 Energy useThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project willsupport Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation in

of 314

Page 163 of 314


addition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

Furthermore, the proposed project will facilitate the use of a less carbon intensive fuel (natural gas)in Burullus Power Plant, with a CO2 emission factor less than that of the grid, since the emissionfactor of the grid takes into account the use of more carbon intensive fuels in power generation(Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal). Thus, the project will result in net reduction in the CO2emissions that would otherwise be generated using more carbon intensive fuels. Details of thecalculations are mentioned in Annex 13.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be high.

5.2.2.15 Community health and safetyIn addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and theimplementing entities, user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land useover the pipeline and by setting up emergency response centers. Impacts on user health and safetymay occur through improper handling of accidents.

User safety impacts could be permanent and highly severe.

5.2.3 Affected partiesThe affected parties or people affected by the project should be discussed in order to try tominimize any hardships they face due to project implementation.

It is foreseen that the affected parties will be mainly among farmers and fishermen who willeither be losing their income due to the temporarily expropriation of crop land or fishingareas or permanently due to selling it to GASCO for the valve rooms.

of 314

Page 164 of 314


5.2.4 Summary of the expected environmental impactsTable 5-1Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project

Possible Impacts Significance (Probability, Severity)

Activity Air Quality MarineAquatic

Environment

Noise Ecology Land Use Soil Traffic Archaeological, Historical

and CulturalHeritage

NaturalDisasters

Hazardsand

Accidents

WasteDisposal

PublicHealth

Occupational Health and

Safety

ExistingFacilities

Construction Phase

SitePreparation

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

Excavation Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,High

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, High

PipelinesLaying

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,High

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Medium

Valve RoomsConstruction

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,High

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, High

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

PressureReduction

StationsConstruction

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

LeakageDetection

Temporary, Low

Temporary,High

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,High

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

RestoringLand and

Areas

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

Tests andConnections

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Operation Phase

Valve RoomsOperation

Not Not Continuous Not Continuous Not Not Not Temporary Temporary Not Temporary Temporary, Not

of 314

Page 165 of 314


Applicable Applicable , Medium Applicable , Low Applicable Applicable Applicable , High , High Applicable , Low Medium Applicable

PressureReduction

StationsOperation

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

GasTransportatio

n LinesOperation

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Repairs Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

of 314

Page 166 of 314


5.3 Impacts Significance Ranking

5.3.1 Ranking MethodologyRating matrix method was applied to identify the significance of the impacts presented above forboth the construction and operation phases. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) andfrequency of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts1 2 3 4 5very low Low Medium High very high

An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of theseverity and frequency ratings is equal to 12 or higher.

To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows:

1. Scale: How far can the impact spread? To exemplify, considerations can include the size of anarea affected by land pollution impacts, number of people affected by health impacts, etc.

2. Possibility of reducing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact?Considerations can include, for instance, availability of technology to change impact, level ofcomplexity of available technology, capacity to apply the available technology, existence ofconstraints to change impact, etc.

3. Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact?, cost in relation to themeans of change considered in the above parameter

4. Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of the enterprise(positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)?

As for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered:

1. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact?2. Duration: How long will the impact last?

Equation 1- Formula used to Determine Aspect Significance Ranking:= , , ,= ,= × = ( × ) ≥ 12 OR ≥ 4This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project.

of 314

Page 167 of 314


5.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project ConstructionThe rating system discussed above is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project construction stage and the detailed assessment table is presented intable 1 in annex 10.

As seen in table 1 in annex 10, applying the impact ranking method discussed in the beginning ofthis section yields several significant negative impacts for the following aspects of the projectconstruction stage:

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (site preparation,excavation, etc)

2. The aquatic environment can be impacted in case of improper disposal of constructionwastes or debris in the waterways, and in case of improper disposal of sanitary wastewaterand water resulting from hydrostatic testing.

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other excavation andconstruction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewater networkspipes, telephone connections.. etc. during the construction activities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous and constructionwaste, such as Soil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting from their storage onsite untilthe final disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects.7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction

materials and equipment to the site.9. Effect on land use due to the excavation activities during the construction phase, and also at

road crossings with the pipeline path.10. Adverse effect on the flora and fauna in the project site, especially the agricultural areas,

during the season in which the construction activities will be undertaken.11. Accidents and hazards that may occur such as oil leaks from the equipment.

Mitigation measures for these significant impacts are discussed in Chapter 7.

5.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project OperationThe rating system discussed earlier is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project operation stage. The detailed assessment table is presented in table 2in annex 10.:

For the project operation stage, there are two significant negative impacts which appear in:

of 314

Page 168 of 314


1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage or trespass, thismay lead to the release of a significant amount of natural gas which will cause major risksand to the surrounding communities and the environment.

2. Natural disasters might lead to pipeline failure and accordingly the release of natural gas,which will cause major risks to the surrounding communities and the environment.

The project implementation will yield one significant positive impact which is:

1. Supplying the region with natural gas for the electricity generation which will enrich thenational electricity grid.

of 314

Page 169 of 314


6 AlternativesThis chapter discusses the different possible alternatives in four main topics: alternative constructionmethods and technologies (especially in crossing roads, railways and waterways), alternative routeoptions, alternative energy sources other than natural gas, in addition to the “No action” alternative.

6.1 The “No Action” Alternative

The main target of the proposed project is to support natural gas supply to Burullus Power Plant, inorder to help meet the growing national demand. In case of having “No Action”, the power plantwill run on Mazout/diesel fuel despite that there will be more polluting air emissions in case oftransporting it through vehicles, and even during its burning. In the past years, Egypt has sufferedfrom several blackouts which led to social problems which have even caused some political unrest.This was attributed to the shortage in fossil fuels; especially natural gas and mazout/diesel fuel. Dueto some recent natural gas discoveries, and after implementing the country’s strategy of switchingthe cement plants towards using coal instead of natural gas, the latter returns again to be the bestalternative to power plants especially that mazout/diesel fuel is mainly imported. The option ofemploying renewable energy to drive the Burullus Power plant in the current time is not technicallyor economically feasible as it is hard to fully depend on renewable energy projects to supply thecontinuously increasing national demand. However, installing renewable energy projects is part ofthe country’s strategy which targets to have 20% of its power generation using renewables by 2022,and this project is not interrupting the country’s plans in this issue.

6.2 Pipeline Installation Technology Alternatives

To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trenchor using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methodsand non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category will beconsidered; namely, horizontal directional drilling representing the guided trenchless technology,auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing thetrench technology.

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies2.3.8presents the description of HDD and auger boring technologies. HDD has some advantagescompared to auger boring and open-cut technique as follows:

• Compared to the open-cut technology, it doesn’t cause interruption to traffic flow.• Compared to the open-cut technology, it causes fewer disturbances to the surface and sub-

surface soil layers.• Compared to the auger boring technology, it can be used for larger distances and wider

range of pipeline diameters.• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a surface-launched process which doesn’t

require drive pits.• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a guided method, and accordingly can

achieve high accuracy for the pipeline path.

of 314

Page 170 of 314


• Can be employed for high depths, and accordingly can avoid any breakage accidents to theexisting infrastructure lines/cables.

On the other hand, HDD suffers from some disadvantages including:

• Like any other trenchless technology, and according to the geologic condition, soil collapsemay take place during the installation.

• In case of having existing infrastructure lines/cables, there will be less flexibility in choosingthe pipeline depth, the fact which may necessitate drilling through soil layers which may beof insufficient strength to withstand the slurry’s pressure.

• Not favorable with soils containing gravels and cobbles.

6.2.2 Open-Cut MethodThis is the traditional method for pipeline installation. It is very simple technology which justdepends on excavating the soil, laying the pipeline, and backfilling. However, it is technically notpossible to be used in crossings with major waterways. It can be used in crossings with major roadsand railways; however, this will cause huge interruption to traffic as this will necessitate either re-routing or reducing the number of lanes. This will lead to reduction in the average speed of thevehicles on the road, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase theprobability of having car accidents, in addition to negative socio-economic impacts as a result ofinterrupting the flow of people and goods. Open-cut method may be the only possible solution incase of having long pipeline distances such as in agricultural lands or desert areas.

In conclusion, the HDD/auger boring are the recommended installation technologies for thepipeline crossings with the international coastal road; Mansoura-Faraskour, in addition to the waterbodies. In the agricultural lands, open-cut method may be used since this will not negatively affectthe environment, and it will be a cheap and safe option.

6.3 Routing Alternatives

From the environmental and social point of view, the best pipeline route is the one which minimizesthe change in the land use, the interruption of the ecological nature, the intersection with residentialareas and areas with special nature such as religious buildings and historical areas. This point of viewintersects with GASCO’s strategy which aims to choose a route away from the residential areas, andin locations already containing other infrastructure pipelines/cables to minimize disturbance in newareas. GASCO has an unwritten strategy that avoids passing through any construction buildingsincluding: houses, religious buildings and historical areas.

As shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2, the chosen pipeline route starts from an existing roomwhich lies near from Petrobel Company. Then the route extends 8 km in silty sand soil parallel toport said - Damietta road from its southern direction it continues to extend parallel to the roadpassing through fish farms up to distance 4 km, then it deviates western southern to intersect withInternational Coastal Road until it reaches Manzala Lake. It extends parallel to International CoastalRoad from its southern direction for a distance of 23 km passing through Manzala Lake. After that itextends one km towards west through agricultural land, then it extends western southern direction

of 314

Page 171 of 314


parallel to high voltage elec. Towers behind Ahmad Shulah farm. Then it intersects with el SalamCanal then it extends western northern direction parallel to high voltage elc. towers. Then it extendstowards west intersecting with Mansoura Faraskour road and river Nile, and then it extends towardssouth parallel to river Nile till it reaches an existing valve room in Kafr el Battikh city with totallength 50 km. The presence of residential areas and some factories on the coastal line prevented thepossibility of choosing the coastal line as a possible route. The chosen route passes adjacent toexisting electricity poles to minimize the opportunities of third party trespass on the gas pipeline.For the fish farms located along the pipeline route, the pipeline will pass on the border of the farmsto minimize any negative effect on them.

Thus, this route aligns with GASCO’s strategy which aims at choosing routes already containingexisting infrastructure (electricity poles) and minimizing intersection with residential areas.

The following figures shows that a potential alternative route with a total length of 33 km couldhave been selected (the route highlighted in red). However, this route has been discarded due to thefollowing reasons:

Although the alternative route’s length is 8.5 km which is less than the chosen route (9.5km), the alternative route passes beside two residential areas which are difficult to cross.

of 314

Page 172 of 314


Figure 6-1 Potential Alternative Route

Potentialalternativeroute

of 314

Page 173 of 314


The layout of the potential routing alternative could be found in annex 1 b.

of 314

Page 174 of 314


7 Mitigation MeasuresBased on the ranking system applied in Chapter 5 for identifying the significant impacts resultingfrom the project construction and operation phases, the construction activities will cause elevennegative impacts. Also, during the operation phase, it is expected that two negative impacts willoccur and one positive impact as well.

GASCO will implement the following mitigation measures during the construction and operationphases of the project to eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of the negative impacts.

The controls proposed to mitigate or enhance the negative or positive impacts, successively areelaborated in the following sub-sections.

7.1 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase

7.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust EmissionsDuring the construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation,excavation, etc.), in addition to the various construction equipment and vehicles that will be used onsite. An assigned supervisor will ensure the implementation of good site construction practices asfollows:

Appropriate sitting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with adequate cover inaddition to regular water spraying so as to minimize dust blow.

Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friablematerials.

Transportation of construction waste by a licensed contractor. Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials.

7.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions

Maintaining and operating construction equipment and vehicles properly during theconstruction phase and ensure the compliance of the exhaust emissions from dieselengines with the limits of the environmental law.

Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reducegaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines.

Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible.

7.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration

The existing solid waste management procedures of GASCO will be adopted. Theexisting management system includes sections on waste reduction, material reuse and

of 314

Page 175 of 314


recycling, waste segregation with the objective of minimizing the quantity of waste thatrequires offsite disposal.

The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal ofwastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills,…etc) prior to thecommencement of construction activities.

Wastes will be segregated and safely temporarily stored in the allocated areas for wastestorage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further trafficdisruption.

Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion. Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be

overloaded with wastes volumes. Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded. It is prohibited to stockpile or store wastes on the banks of waterways.

7.1.3.1 Non-Hazardous Waste Generation

The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood, plastics,…) will be segregated andtransported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor

The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposal by alicensed contractor and GASCO will supervise the disposal procedure and theconditions of the trucks.

7.1.3.2 Hazardous Waste Generation The asphalt waste resulting at the end of the construction phase will be disposed with

the construction waste, since asphalt recycling is not a common practice in Egypt.. Activities that involve fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on-site

unless it is necessary to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardouswastes. If such actions will necessarily take place on-site, they will be conducted overimpervious surfaces and a spill kit will be made available on-site. Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approved

hazardous wastes facility in coordination with the local authorities. . The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred to

authorized petroleum companies (Misr Petroleum & Petrotrade companies) to berecycled

According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up recordsand manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contractedto receive such wastes.

of 314

Page 176 of 314


7.1.3.3 Construction Waste Generation The construction waste generated has to be disposed in safe locations assigned by the

contractor and the local authorities before starting the construction phase. Abo Balahdumpsite at Ismailia /Abo Balah road as well as Shatta Landfill in Damietta city can beused for the disposal of construction wastes. However, the contractor will coordinatewith the local authorities before the commencement of construction activities the exactlandfill to be used.

A temporary storage location near the pipeline in the construction process has to beassigned. These storage areas should be far away from the traffic congested areas and thestockpiling isn’t allowed on banks of waterways.

Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved andsafe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make surethat this process occurs without any hazards or problems.

Excavated soil will be reused in the backfilling of the pipeline. The excess excavated soilvolumes will be sent to the construction wastes landfill.

7.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land UseThe construction activities will affect the agricultural areas in the pipeline route passing through andmay force the farmer to lose the income of the whole grossing season. Therefore, a faircompensation should be given to these farmers in addition to restoring the land to its originalcondition at the end of the construction phase to reduce the impacts on the natural habitats.

In addition, hazardous liquids have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks soas to avoid the chances of soil contamination.

7.1.5 Damage to Existing InfrastructureThere is a high risk of damaging the infrastructure lines that have been established a long time agowithout having a proper and accurate mapping or documentation that shows the depths and theroutes of these lines (ex. Water, sewage and telecommunication lines...etc). The following mitigationmeasures will be applied to the proposed project:

The contractor will gather the most accurate area maps for infrastructure routes beforecommencing excavation.

The contractor will performs exploratory excavations manually in the area of the project inorder to avoid any damage to the existing infrastructure.

If a line break occurs, the site manager has to quickly notify the nearest police departmentand the correspondent authority (according to the type of broken pipe). The authority shallrepair the damaged line as soon as possible and the contractor will pay the repairing costs.

of 314

Page 177 of 314


In case an infrastructure line is damaged, a documentation report for infrastructure pipedamage shall be prepared for the any accident, containing the following aspects:

a. Time and location of accidentb. Name of contractor/subcontractor causing the accident.c. Type of damaged infrastructure lined. Description of accident circumstances and causes in addition to the extension of

damage.e. Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as correspondent authorityf. Duration of fixing the damage

7.1.6 NoiseConstruction activities will cause increase in the ambient noise levels resulting from the vehicles andmachines used for excavation and construction purposes. However, this impact is temporary andwill diminish by the end of the construction phase. The following mitigation measures will appliedto reduce the noise impact during the construction phase:

Noise exposure periods should be minimized for workers so as not to exceed the safe limitsmentioned in the environmental laws in addition to the occupational health and safetystandards. .

Workers operating in areas or activities of high noise level intensities should be supplied withearmuffs

Contractors should train all the workers before the commencement of construction activitiesabout this hazard and how to avoid it.

If the construction is done in a populated area, construction activities must be minimizedduring night so as not to disturb the surroundings

Avoid construction activities during peak hours of heavy traffic whenever possible; especiallywhen the project site is in proximity of a sensitive receptor.

Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance in the early morning/late evening All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

7.1.7 Management of Traffic Disruptions Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before the commencement

of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety of the roads. According to the Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998), markings, in

the form of lane lines and directional arrows, will be posted to direct drivers to the properlane changes and turnings during the construction phase.

The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storage ofconstruction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so asnot to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages. In case lateral excavationswill take place, alternative routes should be decided upon and facilitated for the use ofdrivers. The time period of using such alternative roads should be minimized.

Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary.

of 314

Page 178 of 314


Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible. Upon using the open-cut method in agricultural lands, alternative roads should be developed

to facilitate the entrance to the farms and an agreement should be held with the owner ofthese farms beforehand

Uncontrolled off road driving will be prohibited.

7.1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Ecological Impacts

Vegetation clearance should be limited as much as possible The establishment of 20m wide construction corridor to minimize the impacts on vegetation

and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life along the route of the proposed pipeline. The movement of vehicles should be managed to ensure minimal loss of vegetation during

the construction phase. Restoring the dug trench-line to its original condition will help mitigate the adverse impact

on habitat utilization and distribution of the fauna, and will allow plant species to continuegrowing.

7.1.9 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation In case groundwater occurs in the construction site, all the necessary permits from the local

sewage or irrigation authority for dewatering should be obtained and the drainage ofdewatering water should be pre-planned

If the groundwater is contaminated or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed orsmelled, it should be collected in separate barrels and transported to a specialized wastewatertreatment facility

All liquid waste generated such as chemicals and sewage should be collected in suitable tanksto prevent their drainage over land.

The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline should be tested before beingdischarged in a water body or be transported directly to the nearest waste water treatmentplant after coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce theimpacts on the aquatic environment.

Using HDD technology in major water bodies’ crossings is considered a mitigation measureagainst the impacts that would have resulted from using trench technology.

7.1.10 Occupational Health and Safety Ensure the adequate implementation of occupational health and safety provisions on-site

such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers. The site should be provided by all the protective and safety requirements stipulated by labor

laws and occupational health.

7.1.11 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and AccidentsGASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard thepipeline construction process and protect the surroundings. An emergency preparedness

of 314

Page 179 of 314


response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions aboutthe identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that mayoccur during the pipeline construction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks andimpacts that may be associated with these emergency situations.

7.1.12 Management of Street Restoration after asphalt breakingOver the years of implementing natural gas connection projects across Egypt, protocols to deal withnational and local administrative requirements have been institutionalized between companies of theNatural Gas sector and the various government/administration entities. Such protocols comply withnational legislation and administrative procedures and have become familiar and standard. The mainfeatures of the protocols for street restoration are:

- Close and early coordination between the implementing company (and the excavationcontractor, if applicable), the local unit, and any other relevant authorities (in the case ofpublic roads, the Roads and Bridges Directorate may become the counterpart to theimplementing company)

- Agreement on the restoration arrangements, schedules, fees, and payment schedules- Coordination with the General Utilities before starting work especially the Traffic

Department, sewerage, water, telephones and electricity departments.- Payment of restoration fees by the implementing company before works commencement- Documentation of the agreement and adoption by all involved parties- Communication with the Public and relevant authorities (such as the security and the traffic

departments) regarding excavation and restoration plansAs mentioned in the impacts section of the study, restoration and re-pavement of streets post-construction and excavation is one of the impacts which are highly perceived by the public. Theimplementing entity agrees a restoration fee with the local administration unit in charge of the area.The fee is used by the local unit to include the restoration in their re-pavement plans. In some cases,the restoration and re-pavement job is carried out by the Roads and bridges directorate who, in turn,schedule the re-pavements in their own plans. A key to minimize public discontentment andsocioeconomic impacts of excavated streets is quick restoration and effective communication withregarding work and restoration schedules.

7.1.13 Management of Community health and safetyIn addition to all the environmental and social management and monitoring measures in this sectionwhich aim for health and safety, awareness-raising actions and signs should be provided to workersand community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors hired by theimplementing company to oversee work sites and will be largely responsible for children and theirsafety around the construction site.

Trenching activities can cause impacts on safety of the local community or the workers, in case thecontractor does not comply with the safety requirements. It is important to include necessary safetymeasures that the contractor should apply in the contracts and these measures to be monitored aspart of the monitoring activities.

of 314

Page 180 of 314


7.1.14 Management of impacts related to temporary land acquisition

The following measures are proposed to manage the impacts related to temporary land acquisition:

Fair compensation price: The main reference of the crop prices applied to all PAPs is the pricesindicated by the relevant agricultural directorate at the concerned governorate. Previous experienceshows satisfaction with the crop prices offered by GASCO.

Sensitivity to the local community needs: GASCO staff and local farmers with previous experience forsimilar projects implemented by GASCO revealed that a socially sensitive approach is usuallyadapted by the company when it comes to the actual execution of the project. An instance on that isthe flexibility that both GASCO and the contractor show with farmers during the actual executionof the project. Although GASCO does have a decree for temporary acquisition of lands which isissued prior to the implementation of the project, the contractor in several cases allow additionaldays for the farmers in order for them to harvest their crops.

Transparency in the valuation process of crop compensation: Transparency in the process of the damagedcrops valuation is crucial as a proactive mechanism to eliminate any opportunities for disputes. Thisis elaborated in more details on the RAP study. The valuation of the damaged crops and ensuringsatisfaction with the compensation are key issues that should be considered during planning for theproject. It following, however, should be noted:

The Egyptian Government has a very efficient and fair system for crop compensation thatgoes in line with the World Bank Safeguard Policy.

GASCO also has a clear valuation system that was primarily based on the Ministerial Decree347/2007 that declared the necessity of valuing the vegetation is the responsibility of eachgovernorate and the previous experience of GASCO revealed that the majority of farmerswho were compensated believe that they were offered fair compensations. The field visitsrevealed that according to the estimates provide by farmers during the field interviews, only1% of those who were compensated were not satisfied and their cases was accelerated todisputes. Usually, GASCO overcome such cases through transparent sharing of informationwhich is usually appreciated on the local level.

Awareness raising activities among community members: awareness raising is necessary to mainstream thelocal community’s expectations towards the project and ensure the smooth acceptance of the projectactivities. Local civil society organizations and SDO can develop awareness raising activities toengage the local community during the procedures of temporary land acquisition.

of 314

Page 181 of 314


Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM)is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation forthe project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 7.1.18.

7.1.15 Management of impacts related to permanent land acquisition (valve rooms)Selection of plots: selection of the location of land plots to be purchased for the valve rooms should beconducted in consultation with the local community. GASCO should select different plotsaccording to technical criteria. Different plots should be considered with land owners who arewilling to sell their land voluntarily. It is important to ensure that no one seller will be forced to selltheir land and that there are other alternative plots in case the owner is not willing to sell.

Land valuation process should be based on realistic market prices, after consulting with different actorsat the local level. It is also important to ensure fair negotiation process for sellers. It is important toinvolve community leaders to ensure that sellers are offered fair prices.

Documentation of the negotiation process: It is important for the GASCO compensation committee andSDO to keep all relevant documents for selection of the plots, the process of determining the fairvalue of land according to the market as well as the negotiation process with the seller.

Ensure an efficient grievance mechanism is put in place: Establishing a grievance redress mechanism (GRM)is one of the most fundamental procedures that warrantee smooth and amicable implementation forthe project activities. The grievance mechanism is discussed in section 7.1.18.

7.1.16 Management of impacts related to the temporary land use of workers campsTemporary land occupation

Ensure contractor attends to the health and safety of their workers, maintain and cleanup campsitesand to ensure the utmost preservation of land use environment and deliver the site after workcompletion in a condition that is similar or better than pre-project condition.GASCO has a strict waste management policy to ensure no waste accumulation occurs in workerscamps as well as ensure adhering to health measures concerning sanitation to ensure no negativeimpacts occur.

Fencing the construction area, to reduce disturbance to nearby population, Signage and Markings:provision of informational and directional signs posted prior to the construction. Use ofannouncements to inform local community of health and safety measures to avoid accidents.Pedestrian crossings can be also provided at proper locations. Develop a communication strategy toraise awareness of the community members on health and safety measures.

of 314

Page 182 of 314


7.1.17 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance Redress Mechanisms)Grievance system is also important to ensure that complaints are properly handled without delaythat may negatively affect the project. Moreover, to ensure that information is shared transparentlyand that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning GRM is considered to be agood feedback mechanism from the project affected persons and one tool of the citizenengagement.

GASCO operates a comprehensive GRM procedure: Leaflets, posters and brochures are preparedand distributed to the beneficiaries, NGOs, local governmental units, mosques and churches. Thus,sufficient and appropriate information about the GRM will be shared with the communities prior tothe construction phase.

Additionally, the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional, accessibleway for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if they believe that aWorld Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them or their community.The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability by ensuring that grievancesare promptly reviewed and responded to, and problems and solutions are identified by workingtogether. The GRS ensures that complaints are being promptly reviewed and addressed by theresponsible units in the World Bank.

The objective of the Grievance Redress Service is to make the Bank more accessible for project-affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaintsthrough the following link (http://www.worldbank.org/grs) and e-mail([email protected]).

The following procedures will be applied in order to have a clear grievance’s activities that GASCOapplies:

7.1.17.1 Institutional Responsibility for GrievancesGASCO Compensation Committee and Social Development Officer (SDO) in cooperation with thelocal government units, governorates, agriculture associations, and the project manager will addressall grievances raised by community people, particularly the ones related to resettlement activities.

The main tasks of the Social Development Officer are:

1- Raise awareness about the grievances mechanisms among the PAPs2- Collect the grievances received from different channel3- Document received grievances4- Direct the grievance to the responsible department to address the grievance5- Follow up on the resolution6- Document, report and disseminate outcomes of the grievances7- Monitoring of grievances activities

of 314

Page 183 of 314


7.1.17.2 Grievance tiersFirst tier of Grievances: Project Manager (on Site) Eng. Ahmed Khalifa (01226099995) /Social Development Officer – Eng. Ahmed Galal (01211878678)

The Project Manager for each site / SDO is responsible to ensure that the GRM system iswidely advertised and well explained on the local level. Moreover, s/he will follow up on thecomplaint until a resolution is reached. The turnaround time for the response/resolutionshould be 10 days and The SDO should inform the complainant of the outcome of thegrievance.

It is worth noting that most of the previous experience of GASCO is suggesting thatcomplaints are usually handled efficiently and resolved on the local level. In case the PAP isnot satisfied with the resolution, the complainant shall submit the grievance to the secondlevel of grievance.

Second tier of Grievances: On the level of GASCO headquarter (Mediation Committee)If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the first tier, he can raise thecomplaint to the Mediation Committee at GASCO headquarter. The Mediation committeeshould ensure a resolution is made within 15 days.

The above mentioned tiers are consistent with the World Bank’s policy OP 4.12. Providing multi-levels of tiers will result in amicable implementation of the project. It is a function of the project, toprovide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement without necessarily pursuing acourt case. The absence of first tier mechanism denies project affected groups the direct channel forgrievance and delays resolution of disputes against the interest of both the PAP and the project.

7.1.17.3 Grievance channelsDue to the diversity of the context in different Governorates and the socioeconomic characteristicsof the beneficiaries, the communication channels to receive grievances were locally tailored toaddress all petitioners concerns and complaints. The following are the main channels through whichgrievances will be received:

1. Project Manager (on Site)acts as the main channel for receiving complaints. He isavailable on the location. Most of the complaints raised to him/her are raised verbal.He should document all received grievances in written form, giving each grievance aserial number.

2. Hotline: 149 is the hotline in GASCO3. Community leaders and NGOs/CDAs are an appropriate channel, particularly, in

rural areas.4. Regular meetings with community members including influential stakeholders5. GASCO Website for literate persons who have access to the internet

of 314

Page 184 of 314


6. GASCO Compensation Committee, Mediation Committee and GovernmentRelations Committee

.

7.1.17.4 Response to grievancesResponse to grievance will be through the following channels

1. The same channel the complaint was submitted.2. Response to grievances should be handled in timely manner (according the duration

indicated for each tier), thereby conveying a genuine interest in and understanding of theworries put forward by the community.

3. GASCO should keep a record of complaints and results.

7.1.17.5 Monitoring of grievancesAll grievance activities should be monitored in order to verify the process. The following indicatorsshould guide the monitoring process:

1. Number of received grievances per month (Channel, gender, age, basic economic statusof the complainants should be included)

2. Type of grievance received (according to the topic of the complaint)3. Number of grievances solved4. Level of satisfaction with grievance resolutions5. Documentation efficiency6. Dissemination activities done7. Efficiency of response to grievance provided ( efficiency in time and action taken)

A Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed on a quarterly basis in order to keeptrack of all grievances developed. The report should be developed by the SDO in theGASCO headquarter

All grievances received shall be documented in a grievance register. The following table representsthe main contents of such form:

Box 1: Grievance formSerial Number:MarkazDate:Gender of the aggrieved personAge of the aggrieved personEducation of the person reporting a grievanceTopic of grievanceActions to be taken (short term- long term)The referral of grievance

of 314

Page 185 of 314


Monitoring for grievanceFigure 7-1 Grievance Form

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Operation Phase

7.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the

pipeline during its operation and protect the surroundings. A full description of the technicaldesign measures used to mitigate the risk of any operational failures is provided in the QRAreport prepared by GASCO.

Regarding the possibility of the release of significant amount of natural gas during thepipeline operation, regular inspection and preventive maintenance activities will beconducted by GASCO to check the pipeline connection and the welding efficiency. Theinspection will additionally include checking any construction activities in the vicinity of thepipeline to prevent any failure that may lead to breakage or threaten the safe operation of thepipeline.

The pipeline is monitored by centralized SCADA systems monitored by GASCO to observethe operating parameters of the pipelines. If any failure occurred such as corrosions or leaks,valves supplying the pipeline will be shut down and the maintenance team will implementthe appropriate maintenance actions. In addition to that, signs with a number for emergencywill be placed on the pipeline route to be used in case of any emergency. Also, signsindicating the presence of the high pressure pipeline underneath will be posted.

Advanced fire and gas detection systems as well as shutdown and isolation systems will beinstalled all over the pipeline.

Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on the pipeline, and thefrequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows: Table 7-1 Pipelines Class and

Patrolling FrequencyPipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 1 6 months No survey

Location Class 2 1 month vehicularaccessible areas in canal andriver crossings

6 months Arable land,AGIs, valve rooms,crossings, sleeves

Location Class 3 2 weeks survey all areas

Location Class 4 2 weeks survey all areas

of 314

Page 186 of 314


All necessary permits will be obtained from landowners, farmers, railways, etc. prior tostarting work. The patrol will ensure that he holds a valid identity card or letter ofauthorization.

Leakage surveying will be conducted to protect the surrounding population and workersagainst the effects of gas leakage from the pipeline in case any damage to the pipeline isdetected. The survey will be conducted in areas where the pipeline runs close to buildingsand workers.

Emergency Response Plan

An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place togive instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergencysituations that may occur during the pipeline operation and how to respond to them to reduce therisks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations. Workers will be providedwith adequate emergency preparedness and response training and simulations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures includes the following aspects:

Overview of emergency management Emergencies classes brief description Key personnel responsibilities Typical site emergency procedure Emergency communication plan

GASCO HSE General Manager coordinates with all GASCO sites to review and update theemergency = plan at least once a year, and all GASCO sites are provided with sufficient and suitabletools and capabilities needed for emergency situations. These facilities may be some or all of thefollowing:

Fire-fighting equipment Fire-fighting systems & automatic safety control systems Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The emergency response plan includes also a hotline for the local community to report anyemergencies. The number is “149” and it is advertised along the signs added to locate the pipeline.

Moreover, in planning the emergency preparedness response, GASCO takes into account the needsof relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency services and neighbors; where arrangements with theneighboring communities are agreed and considered to integrate them in emergency preparednessplan to overcome any possible accidents. Trial emergency experiments also take place periodicallyaccording to contingency plan requirements; involving relevant interested parties as appropriate. Thefull details of the HSE plan during the operation are attached in Annex 6.

of 314

Page 187 of 314


7.2.2 Energy UseThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project willsupport Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation inaddition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

of 314

Page 188 of 314


8 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan(ESMMP)Plan (ESMP)

8.1 Objectives of the ESMPThe objective of the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), is tooutline actions for minimizing or eliminating potential negative impacts and for monitoring theapplication and performance of mitigation measures. The ESMMP identifies roles andresponsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation and monitoring of mitigations. Thissection also presents an assessment of the institutional capacity for implementing the ESMMP.

Wherever applicable, the ESMMP is designed to accommodate alternative context-specificmitigations and monitoring measures.

8.2 Institutional Arrangements for ImplementationThe project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO), an affiliate ofthe Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), which owns a majority share.

The following project management hart (Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO),of GASCO indicates that the responsibility of each relevant employee in the project’simplementation.

of 314

Page 189 of 314


Figure 8-1–Site Project Management Structure in GASCO

Project ManagerEng. Ahmed Khalifa

Tasks InspectionEng. Tamer Farahat

Financial andAdministrative AffairsMr. Walid Abdel Kader

Site ManagerEng. Abdel Fattah Abo

Ali

Survey WorkMr. Amr El Hawary

Civil WorkEng. Mohammed Ali

Eng. Hossam Bassiony

Mechanical WorkEng. Ahmed Abdel

Moteleb

Engineering WorkInspection

Eng. Alaa El Shafeiy

Electrical Work andDevices

Eng. Mahmoud Hamed

Governmental RelationsMr. Tamer Ahmed

Othman

Cathodic ProtectionEng. Mohammed El

Saeed

Safety, Environment andHealth

Eng. Hussien Abdel Aziz

of 314

Page 190 of 314


The Environmental Policy of GASCO mentions that the company and its affiliates are committedto:

Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence Follow-up companies and contractors compliance and implementation of health, safety and

environment rules, regulations and provisions Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The

policy shall be reviewed whenever needed

Staff members of GASCO carry out audits and, to make sure the EMS is being implementedaccording to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, GASCO presents monthlyand quarterly reports about its environmental performance. GASCO reviews these reports, andmakes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing AgencyGASCO is also certified for ISO:14001 and OHSAS:18001, and has direct involvement in theenvironmental management and monitoring of the natural gas pipeline. One of the standard tasks ofthe HSE Department of GASCO, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishing EnvironmentalRegisters for facilities, and frequent auditing of this register. The Environmental Register is auditedby the Environmental Department head of GASCO. The HSE Department performs audits twiceannually on the average, in addition to infrequent and emergency inspections. The routinemonitoring activities performed include:

Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or

chemicals used in the heaters Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures, which

are described below Use gas analyzers to measure SO2, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible leaks Noise measurements

GASCO HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmental impactassessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

of 314

Page 191 of 314


The Environmental Department of GASCO has been less involved on design, planning, tenderingand construction procedures of natural gas connection projects. Their role has been more effectivein the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However, the SafetyDepartment in GASCO usually reviews designs, and assigns full time staff member to supervise theconstruction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are considered during design andimplemented during construction.

The current positions and person-power of the HSE Department of GASCO is shown inFigure 8-2These positions are divided over three sectors of the HSE Department, namelyEnvironmental Protection, Safety and Fire Fighting, and Technical Consultancy and Inspection.Furthermore, representatives from each sector are present at the Site HSE department, as well as theHSE headquarters. The organizational structure is shown in Figure 8-3.

Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power

The ESMP will suggest mitigation and monitoring responsibilities for the contractor and GASCO’sHSE Department. The assignment of these responsibilities among the various sectors of thedepartment is the decision of GASCO HSE Management.

of 314

Page 192 of 314


Figure 8-3 - GASCO OHSE organizational chart

of 314

Page 193 of 314


8.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency

The analysis conducted during the preparation of the ESIA and the RAP showed clearly that themain impacts that should be carefully mitigated and addressed is the impact related to temporary andpermanent land acquisition and the accompanying process of crops valuation and payingcompensation. Currently, this process is done by GASCO through the Compensation Department,which participated in the formation of a Compensation Committee for the project.

The ESIA team noted that although this department is fully aware of the acquisition andcompensation issues and is adapting an approach which is very close to the Bank's requirements,certain specific considerations related to OP 4.12 are still not very clear for GASCO staff. The ESIAteam suggests appointing a "Social Development Officer" who should be working on full time basisduring the project construction to ensure the social management plan is sufficiently addressed. TheSocial Development Officer might be a GASCO staff with relevant background (e.g. a backgroundin social development or social science). It is required that the "Social Officer" be aware of theWorld Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement and the associated procedures. Trainingcourses on participatory approaches and the aspects of OP 4.12 might be needed in order to buildhis/her capacity to efficiently follow up the implementation of the social management plan. TheSocial Development Officer will be working closely with the Consultant who will be preparing theRAP.

GASCO has appointed Eng. Ahmed Galal, a staff member of the Environmental and SocialDepartment as Social Development Officer during the project implementation. His contacts areadded in the grievance mechanism

8.2.2.1 Social Development Officer

The main roles and responsibilities of the Social Development Officer are as follows:

He/She is the primary person in charge of ensuring that the proposed social managementplan is sufficiently considered and applied.

Develop detailed list of the local stakeholders and the NGOs representatives and maintaincommunication channels with them and ensure that they are engaged and consulted

Developing all the required techniques and formats to monitor the implantation of the socialmanagement plan

Report to the WB on the progress related to the ESMP and the safeguard policies includingthe fair compensation to PAPs

Assure transparent and timely sharing of information Review PAPs grievance and conduct regular feedbacks and meetings as a proactive and early

measure to eliminate disputes

of 314

Page 194 of 314


Follow up the progress to respond to the concerns of PAPs Work closely with local NGOs and other stakeholders to raise the awareness of local

communities on the safety of line and other related issues.

This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibility ofthe Social Development Officer. The monitoring of the compensation process and the adherence tothe safeguard policy OP 4.12 necessitates the development of some forms/templates in order to beable to process the management and monitoring system appropriately. This includes a RegistrationForm for affected plots, containing specific information to identify the owner and the approximatevalue of the crops. Also, a grievance form should be used to record any complaints and ensure thataction will be taken. Draft model for these forms are provided in Annex B. It should be noted thatthese forms should be updated by the Social Development Officer based on the actual needs.

The results of the monitoring and management system should be reported quarterly to theHeadquarter of GASCO. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the branches ofGASCO in each governorate under the supervision of the Social Development Officer.

In addition to appointing the Social Development Officer other local-based mechanisms are alsosuggested, mainly the establishment Compensation Committee with main objective of working as asafeguard mechanism to ensure that the interests of the poor and most vulnerable are protected andto ensure that the valuation and compensation process is as transparent as possible.

8.2.2.2 Compensation Committee

The main roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

Supervise the inventory survey for the project affected persons (PAPs) Valuate the affected assets Estimate the amount of compensations to PAPs based on the collected information

(Egyptian legislations and the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12) Prepare and disseminate lists of PAPs Obtaining approvals from GASCO on the planned compensation Apply proactive mechanism for grievance redress including transparent sharing of

information, carrying out consultative activities with the local communities and ensuringinvolvement of local leaders in resolving disputes.

Ensure that grievances are addressed

Normally, this Committee (currently is formed under GASCO projects) is composed of a manager,an accountant and a lawyer. The committee will be composed of the following members:

A representative from the GASCO (namely the Social Development Officer and the staff ofthe Compensation Department including the lawyer,

of 314

Page 195 of 314


A representative from the contractor A representative from the Agriculture Association

In cases of acceleration of disputes, a Supreme Compensation Committee with the responsibly ofsettling disputes could involve the same composition above headed by councilor from the SupremeCourt. It should be stressed here that all possible mitigation actions and procedures should beconsidered in order to prevent the in necessity of involving the Supreme Committee.

8.3 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Construction Phase

8.3.1 Management of Air Quality

8.3.1.1 Management of Dust EmissionsMonitoring dust emissions will take place by monitoring activities that generate dust such as(excavation, preparation of site, vehicles and equipment movement..); ensuring that measures forminimizing dust emissions are applied properly while performing such activities.

8.3.1.2 Management of Gaseous EmissionsMonitoring of air emissions will be done by the periodic inspection of vehicle maintenanceschedules, and black smoke produced from any machinery should be observed on-site.

8.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation

8.3.2.1 Solid and Construction Waste GenerationTo monitor solid and construction waste management practices, observation of solid andconstruction waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from thesite. Site observations will also take place to ensure that solid and construction wastes stockpiles donot contain hazardous components and monitor the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.2.2 Hazardous Waste GenerationTo monitor hazardous waste management practices, observation of hazardous waste stockpilesshould take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.3 Management of Land Use• Recording any spills or leakages incidents and periodically analyzing these data.

• Surveying of structural status of buildings and performing soil investigations shall be undertakenunder the supervision of a structural consultancy firm if necessary.

• The pipeline route should be revisited and investigated at the end of the construction phase toensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project and to ensure that

of 314

Page 196 of 314


agricultural production is not affected by the pipeline. These observations can be performed as partof the pipeline patrolling and leakage surveying, described in section2.4.1.

8.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing InfrastructureSuch risk can be monitored by documenting and analyzing reasons that led to the existence of suchtype of accidents and updating procedures to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

8.3.5 Management of Noise ProductionMonitoring of noise impacts can be done by periodic observation of the extent of implementationof the mitigation measures mentioned above in section 7.1.6.

8.3.6 Management of Traffic CongestionImplementation of all mitigation measures mentioned in section 7.1.7 in coordination with TrafficDepartments of the appropriate governorate shall be monitored.

8.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and SafetyManagement of Occupational health and safety can be monitored by on-site observations and alsoby assuring that all health and safety measures mentioned in section 7.1.10are applied adequately on-site during the construction phase. An occupational health and safety plan done by the contractor isavailable for the construction phase and could be found in annex 12.

8.3.8 Management of the Ecological System Monitoring of proper implementation of the mitigation measures mentioned in

section 7.1.8to ensure minimum effect on the vegetation and wildlife in the area of theproject.

Pipeline route has to be revisited after construction to ensure that the ecological system isnot affected and that impacts on vegetation and disturbance of wildlife/domestic life alongthe route of the proposed pipeline are minimized.

8.3.9 Management of Water Use/Wastewater Generation Monitoring if any oily appearance or smell is observed on-site. This could indicate whether

to classify this water as hazardous waste or not, and determine whether it should be sent toan appropriate treatment plant. Coordination with MWRI is necessary regarding the watergenerated from the hydrostatic testing.

Reviewing the hazardous wastes register to track the quantities and types of generatedchemicals and oils wastes on-site and assure that the collection and handling of suchsubstances is done by an authorized contractor.

8.3.10 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the construction phase. Thepreliminary cost for the general implementation and supervision for all the proposed mitigation

of 314

Page 197 of 314


measures was estimated to be approximately 13,000 EGP/month. Additional costs will be stated forsome mitigation measures in the following table.

of 314

Page 198 of 314


Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phasePotential EnvironmentalImpact


Responsibility ofMitigation

Responsibility ofdirect supervision

Estimated Cost

Air emissions Implementation ofregular maintenanceschedule for machinery

Ensuring that vehiclesand equipment will notbe left runningunnecessarily to reducegaseous and exhaustemissions from dieselengines


GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water spraying beforeexcavation, filling,loading and unloading

Spraying of stockpiles,storage in covered areas

Using paved routes toaccess the site whereverpossible.

Sheeting of Lorriestransporting friableconstruction materials

Ensuring transportationof construction waste bya licensed contractor

Minimizing drop heights

Contractor GASCOHSE sitesupervisor


of 314

Page 199 of 314


for material transferactivities such asunloading of friablematerials

Risk of damaging existinginfrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits Analysis of accidents

logs If a line break occurs,

the nearest policedepartment and thecorresponding authorityshall be informed torepair the damaged line



Cost of infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to the type ofdamage. The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid, Construction andhazardous waste generation

Identification and useof approved nearbydisposal sites throughlocal authority

On-site segregation ofwastes according totheir types

Designation and use ofappropriate stockpilinglocations on site

Covering wastestockpiles to avoidambient air pollution


Hazardous WasteDisposal: 3500EGP/ton +transportation cost


of 314

Page 200 of 314


Daily hauling of wasteto disposal site incovered trucks

Activities involvingfueling, lubricating oradding chemicals willnot take place on-site(unless it is necessary)to avoid soil pollutionand generation ofadditional hazardouswastes

Containers of usedchemicals and oil willbe collected anddisposed in anapproved hazardouswastes facility

The hazardous liquidwaste will be collectedin specific drums andtransferred byauthorized companies

Noise Minimize the time ofexposure of workers tonoise

Ensuring the use of earplugs in the field

Training all the workersbefore the



of 314

Page 201 of 314


commencement ofconstruction activitiesabout this hazard andhow to avoid it

Construction activitieswill be minimizedduring night so as notto disturb thesurroundings

All machines andvehicles should be shut-off when not used

Traffic Congestion Using signs for driversbefore thecommencement of anyconstruction activitiesto inform drivers andensure the safety of theroads

Planning alternativeroutes when roads areobstructed

Choosing a location fortemporary storage ofconstruction materials,equipment, tools,wastes and machinerybefore construction soas not to cause furthertraffic disruptions



of 314

Page 202 of 314


Avoiding constructionwork at the traffic peaktimes wheneverpossible

Prohibitinguncontrolled off roaddriving

Ecology Vegetation clearanceshould be limited asmuch as possible

Establishment of 20mwide constructioncorridor

Movement of vehiclesshould be managed toensure minimal loss ofvegetation

Restoring the dugtrench-line to itsoriginal condition



Water Bodies/Wastewatergeneration

Acquire dischargepermits fromsewage/irrigationauthority

Liquid waste generatedsuch as chemicals andsewage should becollected in suitabletanks

The water resulting



Sampling cost: 6500EGP/ sample

of 314

Page 203 of 314


from the hydrostatictest of the pipelineshould be tested beforebeing discharged in awater body or betransported directly tothe nearest watertreatment plant. Priorcoordination with theMinistry of WaterResources andIrrigation (MWRI) andthe Holding Companyfor Water andWastewater isnecessary.

Hazards and Accidents An emergencypreparedness responseplan, which is alreadyprepared by GASCO,will be in place to giveinstructions about theidentification of thepotential occurrence ofaccidents andemergency situationsthat may occur duringthe pipelineconstruction and howto respond to them toreduce the risks and

GASCO HSEdepartment

GASCOHeadquarters

GASCO management cost(General Implementation/supervision cost)

of 314

Page 204 of 314


impacts that may beassociated with theseemergency situations

Soil / Land Use Restoring the land toits original condition atthe end of theconstruction phase toreduce the impacts onthe natural habitats.

Hazardous liquids haveto be handled carefullyin order to avoid thespilling or leaks to theground

Contractor GASCOHeadquarters



Ensure the adequateimplementation ofoccupational health andsafety provisions on-sitesuch as providing thepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE) to theworkers.

The site should beprovided by all theprotective and safetyrequirements stipulatedby labor laws andoccupational health.


Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program


Temporary land acquisition andcrop damage

RAP document prepared GASCOCompensation

GASCOEnvironmental

Estimated amount for cropcompensation according to

of 314

Page 205 of 314


Providing faircompensation to theland owners for the lossof crops.

Committee


Department the RAP study

Permanent land acquisition forvalve rooms (willing seller –willing buyer approach)

Ensuring Providing fairmarket value to the landowners for purchasingthe land for the valverooms



GASCO will purchasethe land under willingbuyer – willing sellerscheme

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during ConstructionEnvironmental monitoring during construction





Airemissions

Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule


Quarterly Documentation office

Review ofschedule

13000EGP/month forGeneralimplementation andsupervision cost

of 314

Page 206 of 314







Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators


Once beforeconstructioncommencement, thenquarterly foreach vehicle

Vehiclemaintenancesite

Sampling ofexhaustemissions

10000EGP/sample

DustEmissions

Inspection of theconstructionactivities


Daily Constructionsite

Site observation Generalimplementation andsupervision cost

Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamage incidents


Monthly Documentation office

Documentationin the monthlyHSE reportsand accidentslogs

•GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

•Cost ofinfrastructuredamagewill vary

of 314

Page 207 of 314







accordingto the typeof damage.The costwill becharged onthecontractor.

Solid,Constructionandhazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations


Weekly Constructionsite

Site observation Generalimplementation/supervision cost

On-sitesegregation ofhazardous wastecomponentsfromconstructionwastes and othernon-hazardous



Site observation GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

of 314

Page 208 of 314







wastes

Quantities andtypes of wastegenerated



Recording ofdailytransportationstatistics andrecords fromthe wastedisposal sites

hazardouswastedisposal:3500EGP/ton+transportation cost

Noise

Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations


Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementpercontractor/sub-contractor

Constructionsite

Noiserecording,reporting inmonthly reports

•GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

•SamplingCost: 5000EGP/sample

Complaints fromneighboring

Contractor GASCOEnvironment


Assessment ofthe filed

GeneralImplementation/

of 314

Page 209 of 314







residents al Officer complaints supervision cost

Use of earmuffsby Constructionworkers




TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructedroadsobservation


Complaints fromneighboring/affectedresidents





Appropriateimplementationof the


Monthly Constructionsite

Site observation GeneralImplementation/

of 314

Page 210 of 314







mitigationsmeasures agreedupon with thecontractor

supervision cost

Ecology Minimizing theimpacts onvegetation anddisturbance ofnaturalhabits/domesticlife along theroute of theproposedpipeline




Restoring thedug trench-lineto its originalcondition at theend of theconstruction


At the end oftheconstructionphase

Constructionsite


of 314

Page 211 of 314







phase

Waterbodies/Wastewatergeneration

Oily appearanceor smell ofwastewaterstreams

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD, Oil& Grease…etc)


Continuousduringconstructionandhydrostatictesting

Constructionsite

Site observationand Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


Wastewateranalysis afterhydrostatictesting

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,


Beforedischargingwastewater

Constructionsite

Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample

GeneralImplementation/supervisio

of 314

Page 212 of 314







COD, BOD, Oil& Grease…etc)

n cost

Soil/LandUse

Recording anyspills or leakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upondetection ofany spillage orleakageincidence

Constructionsite


Surveying ofstructural statusof buildings andperforming soilinvestigations



Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancyfirm for theaffected site (ifany)

Structuralconsultancyfirm


The pipelineroute should berevisited andinvestigated atthe end of theconstructionphase to ensurethat the land has



After end ofconstruction

Constructionsite

Siteinvestigation


of 314

Page 213 of 314







been restored toits originalconditionsbefore theproject


PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment.



Observation •GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

•TrainingCost: 6000EGP/trainingprogram

Temporarylandacquisitionand cropdamage






Review list ofPAPs, meetingswith the PAPs,compensationreceipts,grievances, and


of 314

Page 214 of 314








follow upforms

Permanentlandacquisitionfor valverooms(willingbuyer –willing seller)







Review list ofPAPs,contracts,grievances, andfollow upforms


of 314

Page 215 of 314


8.4 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Operation PhaseThis section describes the monitoring activities that will be undertaken during the operation phaseof the project.

8.4.1 Management of Hazards and AccidentsTo prevent, as much as reasonably practicable, the hazards that could be expected from theoperation of the natural gas pipeline on the surrounding communities and environment, GASCOwill implement all the necessary precautions to safeguard the pipelines operation. GASCO will beresponsible for monitoring the entire length of the pipeline outside the power stations, and as forthe components inside the power station; it will be the responsibility of the electricity authority tomonitor these components. In general the monitoring of the pipeline will be done through thefollowing actions.

8.4.1.1 Pipeline PatrollingPatrolling the pipeline is done by GASCO on regular intervals, according to the pipeline locationclass as explained in section 7.2.1, to ensure that no activities or actions undertaken in the area cancause damage to the pipeline. The patrolling is done using either a vehicle or walking over the lineover a duration ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months according to the defined line class.

The patrol will be responsible to observe and report any findings to the Sector Office on a dailybasis, if any pipeline is at risk, the notification should be carried out as soon as possible. In case ofrisk, the patrol will obtain an authorization letter from GASCO to directly stop the work or actionbeing carried out immediately. A report will be written by the patrol on a daily basis to record theday’s proceedings.

8.4.1.2 Leakage SurveySurvey for leakages from the pipeline will be done through several monitoring activities, one beingonsite leakage survey duty which has a certain frequency set by a qualified engineer with suitableexperience in the field of corrosion control for buried ferrous pipes, according to the ASME 31.8.The survey duty frequency will be determined in advance and reviewed annually, and in case itcoincides with the patrolling duties, it can be done simultaneously, but reported in different sheets.

An additional measure will be monitoring the pipeline operation pressure, which will be monitoredthrough the centralized SCADA system operated by GASCO personnel. This monitoring systemwill indicate any significant pressure drop in the pipeline in case of leakages.

Inspection on the status of the cathodic protection should also be conducted on defined intervals,according to the practical experience of the engineering department, in each area to avoid any failurein the pipeline due to corrosion. An inspection and maintenance report will be prepared by theinspection team to report the observations and actions taken during the work performed.

Additional precautions should be taken for the sections of the pipelines marked as vulnerable, orreported as high risk area. Also, the patrolling and leakage survey teams should receive trainingabout the proper method to carry out their tasks.

of 314

Page 216 of 314


8.4.1.3 Emergency ResponseIn case of emergencies, the proper action will be taken according to GASCO’s Emergency ResponseProcedure. The procedure includes the key personnel responsibilities and communication methods,as well as the emergency classes. Reports will be prepared after the necessary actions are taken todocument the cause of the emergency and the remedial actions taken. An emergency response plandone by GASCO is available for the operation phase and could be found in annex 6.

8.4.2 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the operation phase.

of 314

Page 217 of 314


Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phasePotentialEnvironmentalImpact


Responsibility ofMitigation

Responsibility ofdirect supervision

Estimated Cost

Hazards andAccidents

Scheduled patrollingactivities, inspectionand preventivemaintenance activities

Inspection willinclude any activitiesthat could potentiallylead to damage in thepipeline

In case of emergency,the source of the leakwill be isolated untilthe maintenance teamperforms the requiredmaintenance

Signs will be postedover the pipeline pathshowing the numbersto be called in case ofemergency

HSE department atGASCO (on-sitesection)

HSE department atGASCO (central unitand administration)

GASCO managementcost

of 314

Page 218 of 314


Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation PhaseImpact Monitoring

IndicatorsResponsibility Frequency/

DurationLocation Methods Estimated

CostHazards andAccidents

Patrollingreports forthe pipeline

GASCO inspectionDepartment


months(According topipeline Class

Table 2-3)

Pipeline route Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

Regularinspectionandmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment

Quarterly(According tothe inspection

andmaintenancetime plan)

Pipeline route Inspection andmaintenancetime plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADA system)

GASCO inspectiondepartment/GASCO operationdepartment


months(According to

the leakagesurvey

schedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipeline route anddocumentationoffice

Leakage SurveySchedule/operational log

GASCOManagementcost

of 314

Page 219 of 314


9 Stakeholder Engagement and Public Consultation

The public consultation chapter aims to highlight the key consultation and communityengagement activities and their outcomes, in addition to outlining the key aspects to beaddressed when holding the consultation activities.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teams experiencedand recorded the different reactions of the community and the governmental stakeholderstowards the proposed project. The main concern was that the construction of the pipelinesdoes not meet the expectations of the local community to be connected to the natural gasservice. Temporary land acquisition is expected as well as impacts on the market value of theland.

Consultation activities (scoping, interviews, focus group discussions, publichearings/consultations) with various stakeholders and community people in the hostcommunities were held for the proposed NG pipeline connections project in compliancewith:

- WB policies related to disclosure and public consultation, namely,o World Bank Procedure (BP 17.50)o World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01)

- Egyptian regulations related to the public consultationo Law 4/1994 modified by Law 9/2009/2009 modified with ministerial

decrees no. 1095/2011 and no. 710/2012

Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows:1- Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles2- Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to

identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations.3- Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly4- Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with the

community5- Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement

9.1 Defining relevant stakeholders

Given the fact that the project exact routes and project details have not been finalized at thisstage, stakeholder identification was based on analysis of geographical, legal, institutional,and operational scope of the project. The following table represents the stakeholderscontacted and engaged during the consultation events:

of 314

Page 220 of 314


Table 9-1 Main stakeholders identified for the projectStakeholder Role/ concern

Local Governmental entitiesGovernorates The main role of the governorates is the provision of support to

the project through mobilizing people to gain information aboutthe project. Media is known to shed light on activities of thegovernorate entities

Local Governmental units(District authorities andvillage authorities)

- Permissions for the lands needed for valve rooms should beprepared by the governorate and approved by the LGU.

- Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the major issuesraised by the community, will be performed by the LGU.

Agricultural cooperatives - Provide the data about the PAPs.- Provide the data about the prices of the crops

Other governmental entitiesInformation Centers onthe governorate level

Provide NG companies with underground utilities andinfrastructure maps.

GovernmentalAuthorities

Various authorities in the governorate will support the projectthrough permissions for excavation works, maintenance, healthrelated issues, etc.

MediaTelevision and radiorepresentatives

Inform the community about the project and its impacts andsupport dissemination of ESIA studies

Press peopleWebsites editors

NGOs working on environmental and social related aspectsNGOs on the centrallevel

Play an active role in any awareness-raising related to the projectMay provide support during the valuation and compensationprocessNGOs on district level

Specific union of NGOsOther

Traders Provide workers with food and amenities.Contractors From the project adjacent areas, may be affected.

Community peopleCommunity leaders Main cornerstone in mobilizing the communities.Potential beneficiaries Potentially benefit from the projectPotential Project AffectedPersons (PAPs)

Farmers whose lands may be traversed by project components.

Natural Gas companiesGASCO Implementing agency overseeing activities of the Environmental

and Social Management PlanPETROJET The Company What Will Implement The Construction

of 314

Page 221 of 314


The abovementioned stakeholders were consulted using various tools i.e. Individualinterviews, group meetings and public consultation. Most of them have attended the publicconsultation hearings conducted during March – April 2016. However, some of them wereinterviewed in their premises in order to enable them to spell out their concerns and worriesfreely.

9.2 Consultation Methodology and Activities

GASCO has conducted a preliminary public consultation session, as part of the process ofupdating the existing ESIA of Giza North gas pipelines and in line with the nationallegislative requirements and The World Bank requirements. This session was held prior tothe preparing of the draft ESIA and RAP of the current study. The session was held in Cairoon 12th January 2016 (announcement was published on GASCO website:www.gasco.com.eg).

The following topics were presented and raised during the consultation session were:

Introduction about GASCO The proposed new project and proposed routes Project activities Scope of the updated ESIA Anticipated environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures and

monitoring plans Resettlement Policy Framework Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific

ESIA Terms of

Reference ofindependentconsultant topreparesite/routespecificResettlementAction Plan(RAP);

Terms ofReference ofindependentconsultant toprepare due-diligence forassociated

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing thepublic consultation session

of 314

Page 222 of 314


facilities Terms of Reference to prepare Quantitative Risk Assessment

Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines

Later consultation activities held during the current study were conducted on two roundsduring the preparation of the site/route specific ESIA and RAP. The consultation processduring preparation of the ESIA and RAP was a dynamic and evolving process whichadapted with the nature and expectations of the host community. Engaging with the localleadership and the parties involved with agriculture activities such as agriculturalcooperatives in order to reach out to various groups of the PAPs.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work team came acrossvarious prejudices and misconception related to the project. Such perception originated fromthe unfavorable experience the community had with various previous development projectsand other NG pipelines such as community members at Kafr Battikh area who havepreviously witnessed the construction of another NG pipeline.

Additionally, managing community expectations and avoiding over-promising is also a keyaspect of efficient stakeholder communication and helps to avoid

9.3 Scoping consultation event

The scoping session was held in Damitta governorate (Ras el Bar city) on the 23 of March,2016. Three consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social)

of 314

Page 223 of 314


Figure 9-3 - Newspaper ad for thescoping session

Four representatives of GASCO Two representatives of EEAA Governorate representatives

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, governmental media centers, and various government employees. Incooperation with the Consultant, invitees were informed of the date and location of thePublic Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.4- Invitations sent by the consultant to governorate stakeholders

Consultation was held in conference hall affiliated to the Engineers Syndicate at Ras El Barcity.

of 314

Page 224 of 314


9.3.1.1 Participants profileA total of 99 persons attended the consultation event. They are divided into 76.7% malesand 23.2% females. The following table shows the distribution of participants according totheir profession

Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by professionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 19 19.1

Administrative officials target village councils 25 25.2

Gas Companies 18 18.1

Community members 37 37.3

Total 99 100

9.3.1.2 Summary of the discussionsThe welcome note was delivered by Eng. Alaa Hassan, Projects General Manager –GASCO. He welcomed the participants and noted the importance of the scoping event tothe current project. He highlighted the importance of the huge expansion in the energysector that requires expanding the Natural Gas network. The Ministry of Petroleum and theHolding Company for Natural Gas are committed to meeting the energy needs of theelectricity and industrial sector through a cleaner energy source. The current project is aimsat providing natural gas to one of the three mega power plants known as “Siemens Stations”.

Eng. Reda el Hussieny, EEAA – East Delta Regional Office representative, noted thatESIA studies are a requirement of EEAA for any developmental project under law no.4/1994. It is important as a requirement to develop an environmental management plan tominimize the adverse impacts. This line will provide a cleaner source of energy for BorollosPower station. Adverse impacts must be mitigated in order to maximize the use of a cleanerenergy source.

Eng. Adel El Deek – Damietta Governorate – Environment Department, haswelcomed the participants on behalf of the governorate. He noted the importance of thescoping session to discuss the potential impacts in order for the consultant team to exploreduring the study. The governorate is concerned with negative impacts such as restoration ofroads after excavation and the proper handling of excavation waste.

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud – Head of health and Safety department – GASCO, has thendescribed the route of the pipeline and the areas it is supposed to pass through.

of 314

Page 225 of 314


Figure 9-4 - Panel of Speakers Figure 9-5 - Eng. Ibrahim presenting theroute of the pipeline

Figure 9-6 - Environmental Expert duringthe presentation

Figure 9-7 - Participants of the scopingsession

Figure 9-8 - Social expert during thepresentation

of 314

Page 226 of 314


Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the scoping sessionIssues / topics Questions and comments ResponsesRoutealternatives

How will the pipeline cross theNile River? Will it pass at thebottom or above?

River crossings will be passing under thebottom of the Nile. We get the approvalfrom the Ministry of irrigation accordingto their plans for expansion of the riveruntil 2100 or the latest designs. Then theengineering department at GASCOdesigns the crossing. This is similar todesigns for crossing Salam Canal and theCoastal International Road.

NationalSustainableDevelopmentPlanrequirements

The already existing natural gasgrid, was it compliant with thesustainable developmentrequirements indicated in article27 of the constitution?

Pipelines have been established since 1971according to the prevalent regulations atthat time. Now many other approvals arerequired. The company is coordinating forthe approvals of all relevant authoritiesbefore the construction works.

GASCOcommunityparticipationand CSRrequirements

What are the benefits for the cityof Farscour? The area has nohousehold connections to naturalgas?

There is an ambitious time plan to expandthe household natural gas connections.Given that household connections are theresponsibility of other companies notGASCO. GASCO is responsible foroperating the national pipelines grid.

Safetymeasures

What are the safety measures forthe project?

Petroleum substances are hazardous bynature. Risks related to the pipelinescannot be denied. But since the 70’s not asingle accident has occurred in the naturalgas lines except for sabotage. We applyhigh safety standards. The pipelines areour capital at the company we are keen onprotecting them. We are also committed toensuring the safety of the communitieswhere the lines are passing. We have highsafety commitments. We have alsoconducted three studies for safety. Wehave an automated scanning system toensure safety of the lines and identifyprecisely the location of any problems.

of 314

Page 227 of 314


Issues / topics Questions and comments ResponsesGiven that the width of thepipeline is 42”, what is the areaneeded for the RoW? How doyou deal with any encroachmentson the line?

The law number 4/1988 indicates that theRoW is 2 m within cities and 6 m outsideof cities. Any encroachments can bereported to our hotline 02149. We moveimmediately in this case. It must also benoted that we have a patrolling system toensure regular monitoring of the lines.

Compensationand landexpropriation

What is the policy forcompensating land owners wherethe line will be passing? Will thecompany buy the land or onlyrent it?

Land owners will be compensatedaccording to the prices of the crops at theagricultural cooperative. GASCOannounces the land requirements for theproject. The value of the compensation isthen determined according to the cropsand the duration needed for theconstruction. In case the areas are notcultivated they are compensating by undera “passing rent” scheme.

9.4 Second Public consultation event

The second public consultation session was held in Damietta governorate (Ras el Bar City)on the 13 of April, 2016. The session was moderated by the following:

Three consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social experts) Two representatives of GASCO One representative of EEAA (accompanied by the team) Governorate representative (Department of Environment)

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, and various government employees, in cooperation with theConsultant. Invitees were informed of the date and location of the Public Consultation atleast two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Consultation was held in conference hall affiliated to the Engineers Syndicate.

of 314

Page 228 of 314


9.4.1.1 Participants profiles78 persons attended the consultation event. They are divided into 74.3% males and 25.6%females.

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by ProfessionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 6 7.6

Administrative officials target village councils 13 16.6

Gas Companies 21 26.9

Community members 38 48.6

Total 78 100

The event was held on the 13 of April 2016. 78 persons attended the consultation event.They are divided into 74.3% males and 25.6% females. 26.9% of them were affiliated toEGAS & GASCO companies. 29.4 % of participants were affiliated to governmental entities

Figure 9-9 - Public Consultation Advertisement published in ElGomhoria newspaper

of 314

Page 229 of 314


within the governorate authority and 12.8% represented other governmental entities. Thehead of environmental department attended the event and was responsible of moderatingthe event. NGOs also were targeted as they will play major role in raising communityawareness. Road authority and health directorate participated in the event.

of 314

Page 230 of 314


Figure 9-10 - Panel of speakers Figure 9-11 - Participants of the session

Figure 9-12 - Presentation of theEnvironmental expert

Figure 9-13 - Presentation of the Socialexpert

Figure 9-14 - Participants of the session Figure 9-15 - Participants of the session

of 314

Page 231 of 314


9.4.1.2 Summary of discussions:Eng. Reda el Hussieny, EEAA – East Delta Regional Office representative, welcomedthe participants and indicated that the main objective of the session is to identify the adverseimpacts that were concluded from the study as well as explain the mitigation measures. Thecurrent project is one of the major projects that contributes to providing the energy needsand enhancing the national economy.

Eng. Adel El Deek – Damietta Governorate – Environment Department, has alsowelcomed the participants on behalf of the governorate. He indicated that the governoratewill be the entity responsible for monitoring the environmental performance after operationof the line. Hence the governorate is keen to have a special committee established tocoordinate with GASCO during implementation.

Eng. Enayat Farag – Environment Department – Port Said Governorate, has alsoindicated the importance of the consultation sessions in order to highlight the positiveimpacts of the project and mitigate negative impacts, hoping that the project will finally servethe national economy.

The consultant presented the main findings of the environmental and social impactassessment study. The study aims to present mitigation measures to minimize negativeimpacts. This project is considered project C according to EEAA regulations. It requires afull ESIA as well as two public consultation sessions. The consultant has conducted severalfield visits as well as measurements and collected samples during preparing of the study. Theconsultant has presented both the environmental and social impacts during construction andduring operation, as well as the ESMP.

Questions and comments:

Issue Questions and comments ResponsesCompensationand landacquisition

Addressed in theRAP study

Are only legal holdings compensatedaccording to the records of theagricultural cooperatives or are otherforms of holdings compensated(illegal)?

Informal rights holders are also eligibleto compensation.

GASCO accepts any proof of informalrights of the land will make you eligiblefor compensation.

What is the benefit that land ownerswill get from hosting the lines in theirland? It will lead to the decline of themarket price of the land significantly.

GASCO will pay compensation for thedamaged crops only. This is the laws,because you can cultivate the land laterwith no negative impacts.

of 314

Page 232 of 314


Issue Questions and comments ResponsesAs the pipelines pass through thecultivated areas. The company shouldpay like a monthly or annual rent tofarmers.

No, GASCO will pay onlycompensation amounts for thedamaged crops once.

The agricultural directorate needs theofficial approval from ministry ofagriculture as well as the governorateapproval in order to arrangeadministrative work accordingly

GASCO has sent official documents tocoordinate accordingly with theinvolved directorates and agriculturalassociations.

Environmentalimpacts

Analysis of impactsin chapter 5 andESMP

How to ensure that adverse impacts ofthe project are minimized especiallythat the line traverses the Nile River?

No impacts are expected on the RiverNile. GASCO uses HDD technologyto cross under the river.

GASCO requests the most updatedplans for expansion of the Nile fromthe Ministry of Irrigation. The pipelinewill pass the Nile at depth lower thanthese plans. Thus no impact at all onthe Nile either the river itself or themarine environment in the Nile.

How do you get rid of solid and otherforms of waste generated at the sire?Where are they transferred?

According to the legal requirements forhandling waste. They are sent to legallandfills and any hazardous waste istransferred to Nassreya landfill.

After construction of the pipeline, it isimportant to have strong coordinationwith the company and the governorateto avoid any emergencies

GASCO coordinates strongly with allrelevant stakeholders at thegovernorate level. We also operate thehotline for any emergencies and theregular patrolling system formonitoring of the route.

Pollution rates must be presentedregularly to ensure transparency.

There must be an effectiveimplementation measures to handlehazardous waste

GASCO applies the legal requirementsby sending hazardous waste to certifiedlandfill in Nasserya.

With regards the water used formeasuring pressure, please ensurecompliance with relevant regulationsbefore discharging to WWTP.

GASCO applies all relevant regulationsand requirements from EEAA.

of 314

Page 233 of 314


Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts onTrafficAnalysis of impactsin chapter 5 andESMP

It was not clear how the trafficproblems will be solved especially thecrossing of Farscour/Mansoura roadsince it has no alternative road.

The crossing will be conducted usingHDD technology no impacts areexpected on the roads

Selection ofthe route

Chapter 6, analysisof alternatives

Is it possible to avoid passing throughthe agricultural lands?

We have done our best to select theroute to minimize land requirements.The route was carefully selected to passalong the RoW of the roads and oldpipelines whenever possible.

Safetymeasures

Annex 5 –emergency responseplan

It is important to add necessary signsto ensure raising awareness among thecommunity of any risks. This can bearranged in cooperation with the localgovernment units.

We ensure all safety measures and weapply the existing requirements of theASME code. We also operate thenatural gas hotline in case of anyproblems to be reported by the localcommunity in addition to the regularpatrolling of the line.

The study does not include amonitoring plan to ensure monitoringof the line from any sabotage works.

It is very difficult to anticipate impactsfrom sabotage works. We conducted aQRA study though for the project.

What are the safety measures as theline passes in housing areas?

We apply the ASME coderequirements. We also ensure safetythrough technical requirements such ascoating and the depth of the line. Wehave an electronic scanning system tomonitor any problems with the line.

Communityengagementand CSRinitiatives

What will the company offer as acommunity service scheme in order toestablish good relations with thecommunity?

GASCO has an annual fund for thisissue. We provide community serviceprojects in different governorates. Wehave an internal committee to selectthese initiatives.

The company needs to take intoconsideration some benefits to thelocal community such as employmentopportunity to community members.

We ask the contractor to use the labourforce during the construction from thelocal community.

What benefits for the civil societyrepresentatives in Damietta and PortSaid gain from the project?

This is a national project to improveaccess to electricity and this is a benefitto everyone.

of 314

Page 234 of 314


Issue Questions and comments ResponsesLand use andsocial impacts

What is the negative impact on atourist city like Ras el Bar? So far ourcity does not have household naturalgas connections and still uses naturalgas cylinders.

Ras el Bar is far away from the route ofthe pipeline. There is a national plan toincrease access to the natural gas.

With regards the fish farming areas, insome cases we need a year or two togrow our fish, how long will we benotified before clearing the fish farms?

They are already notified through theFish Wealth Authority.

ISOcertification

Is GASCO company an ISO certifiedcompany?

Yes it is.

of 314

Page 235 of 314


References

IFC Performance Standard on Environmental and Social Sustainability, effectiveJanuary 2012.

World Bank Group, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, 2007 Guidelines of Principles and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment,

EEAA, 2nd Edition, January 2009 Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Gas Distribution Systems, IFC

and World Bank, 30 April, 2007 Guidelines for Oil and Gas sector, EEAA, January 2005

World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005. Port Said Governorate Portal Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development, Suez Region Environmental

Report, 2014

http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weathersummary.php3?s=601777&cityname=Damietta%2C+Dumyat%2C+Egypt&units

Meteoblue D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the

Ambient Air Damietta Governorate Environmental Profile, SEAM programme, EEAA, Entec

UK Ltd and ERM with support from the UK Department for InternationalDevelopment

Port Said Governorate Description of Environment, EEAA, 2007

EEAA, Port Said Governorate Profile, 2007

Website of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Mashaly. I, Hegazy. A, Soliman. M, On the ecology of Zygophyllum aegyptium inEgypt. Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants, Volume 27 of theseries Tasks for vegetation science pp 423-433

BirdLife International (2016) Country profile: Egypt. Available from:http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/egypt. Checked: 2016-03-31

State Information service,http://www.sis.gov.eg/newVR/protected/html/ashtum.htm

of 314

Page 236 of 314


Annexes

Annex 1: Pipeline Route Map

of 314

Page 237 of 314


Annex 2: Governmental Approvals

Damietta Governorate approval for the project

of 314

Page 238 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and the Egyptian company for electricitytransmission for middle Delta

of 314

Page 239 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Damietta electricity distribution sector

of 314

Page 240 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Roads and Transportation Directorate

of 314

Page 241 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and the local unit in Kafr el Batikh city

of 314

Page 242 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Damietta City Councilpresidency

of 314

Page 243 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO andSanitation and drinking water CompanyinDamietta

of 314

Page 244 of 314


Kafr el Sheikh Governorate approval for the project

of 314

Page 245 of 314


Minister of Agriculture approval for the project

of 314

Page 246 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and TE Co.

of 314

Page 247 of 314


Kafr el Sheikh governorate electricity sector letter to GASCO

of 314

Page 248 of 314


Kafr el Sheikh Governorate electricity sector letter to GASCO

of 314

Page 249 of 314


Public Administration of east of Kafr el Sheikh Governorate sewage approval for the project

of 314

Page 250 of 314


Public Administration of west of Kafr el Sheikh Governorate sewage approval for the project

of 314

Page 251 of 314


Inspection report from the General Authority for Fish Resources Development

of 314

Page 252 of 314


Kafr el Sheikh Governorate Roads and Transportation Directorate - Baltim sector - approvalfor the project

of 314

Page 253 of 314


Borg El Borollos city council approval for the project

of 314

Page 254 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO andPort Said lines Management - Egyptianelectricity distribution Co.-

of 314

Page 255 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and TECo. in Port Said

of 314

Page 256 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Port Said General Authority for FishResources Development

of 314

Page 257 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Port Said irrigation engineering department

of 314

Page 258 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Port Said western Neighborhood

of 314

Page 259 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Port Said antiquities and el Manzala Lake

of 314

Page 260 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Canal Co. for drinking water and sanitation

of 314

Page 261 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Port Said roads and transportation authority

of 314

Page 262 of 314


Minutes of coordination between GASCO and Canal Co. For Electricity Distribution - PortSaid sector -

of 314

Page 263 of 314


Ministry of defense approval for the project

of 314

Page 264 of 314


Annex 3: Timeline Plan of the Project

of 314

Page 265 of 314


of 314

ESIA study for EG-GIZA North Power Project – El Gamil-DamiettaPipeline

Annex 4: A) Baseline Measurements

of 314


4-b) Water quality MonitoringReportfor Gas pipeline connection

project

El-Salam canal

April 2016

of 314


CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION_______________________________________________________ 269

1.1 OBJECTIVES _________________________________________________________ 269

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK ______________________________________________________ 269

1.2.1WATER QUALITY_________________________________________________________ 269

2. LEGISLATION AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK _________________________________ 270

2.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________ 270

2.1.1DISCHARGE TO PUBLIC SEWER NETWORK________________________________________ 270

2.1.2DISCHARGE TO THE RIVER NILE AND ITS WATERWAYS _______________________________ 271

2.1.3INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ________________________________________________ 275

2.1.3.1.SURFACE WATER STANDARDS______________________________________________ 275

3. METHODOLOGY ______________________________________________________ 277

3.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________ 277

4. RESULTS____________________________________________________________ 280

4.1 WATER QUALITY ______________________________________________________ 280

4.1.1SURFACE WATER ________________________________________________________ 280

5. CONCLUSION ________________________________________________________ 282

6. REFERENCES _________________________________________________________ 283

FIGURE 3-1 SURFACE WATER ____________________________________________________ 277

TABLE 2-4 PERMISSIBLE LIMITS FOR DISCHARGE TO PUBLIC SEWER (ARTICLE 14, DECREE 44/2000) ____ 271

TABLE 2-5 CRITERIA FOR TREATED INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES TO CANALS (A61, D8/1983, LAW 48/1982) _ 271

TABLE 2-6_____ CRITERIA FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY INTO WHICH TREATED INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AREDISCHARGED TO (ARTICLE 49 , D 92 / 2013, LAW 48/1982)________________________________ 274

TABLE 3-1 METHODS USED FOR WATER ANALYSIS _____________________________________ 278

TABLE 4-6 SURFACE WATER SAMPLES ANALYSIS RESULTS ________________________________ 132

of 314


1. Introduction

Water samples were collected based within the frame work of the environmental impact assessment studyproject for the gas pipelines connected to the power plant in several locations in Egypt.

1.1 Objectives

The overall objectives of this monitoring round are to:

Assess/confirm compliance of the air quality, noise levels, water quality with relevantnational guidelines;

Assess/confirm compliance of the in surrounding environment with relevant national guidelines;

identify any non-compliance issues, if any; and

Provide general conclusions based on analysis results.

1.2 Scope of Work

The scope of work of the present monitoring includes the sampling and analysis of active airin the surrounding area, noise levels and water quality as to distinguish whether is impactedby the project activities or not.

1.2.1 Water Quality

4fresh water samples were collected four of them are ground water and two are surfacewater.

of 314


2. Legislation and regulatory framework

2.1 Water Quality

2.1.1 Discharge to Public Sewer NetworkLaw 93 (1962) regulates the discharge of industrial liquid wastes into the public sewer system. This Law wasamended by Decree 44 (2000) passed by the Egyptian Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities.A license is required to discharge industrial liquid wastes into the public sewer system (A7/Law 93). Liquidwastes licensed for drainage into the public sewage network must adhere to the standards decreed by theEgyptian Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, after obtaining the approval of the Ministryof Health (A8/Law 93, A14/Decree 44).

Table 2-6 presents the permissible limits set for discharge to the public sewage network. Analyses of theliquid wastes should be carried out periodically to prove compliance (A9/Law 93); the General Authority forSanitary Drainage has the right to obligate the owner to undertake treatment or purification (A11/Decree 44).

of 314


Table 2-1 Permissible Limits for Discharge to Public Sewer (Article 14, Decree 44/2000)Parameter Limit Concentration Parameter Limit Concentration

Temperature 43 oC pH 6 - 9.5

BOD5 600 ppm Cr6 0.5 mg.L-1

COD 1100 ppm Cd 0.2 mg.L-1

Suspended Solid 800 ppm Pb 1 mg.L-1

Oil & Grease 100 ppm Hg 0.2 mg.L-1

SO4 (soluble) 10 ppm Ag 0.5 mg.L-1

Total N 100 ppm Co 1.5 mg.L-1

Total P 25 ppm Ni 1 mg.L-1

CN 0.2 ppm Ti 2 mg.L-1

Phenol 0.05 ppm As 2 mg.L-1

Precipitate/ litter Boron 1 mg.L-1

After 10 min. 8 cm3 Total Heavy Metal 5 mg.L-1

After 30 min. 15 cm3

2.1.2 Discharge to the River Nile and its waterways

Law 48 (1982) amended by the ministerial decree No. 92 of the year 2013 regulates the protection of theRiver Nile and its waterways against pollution. The quality of the returned treated raw water will becompared to criteria presented in Article 60 and 61 of the Executive Regulations. Regulated parameters forindustrial wastewater discharges to the canal are presented in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.

Table 2-2Criteria for treated industrial discharges to canals (A61, D8/1983, Law 48/1982)

Parameters Units Limiting criteria

Temperature oC 35

pH 6-9

of 314



Colour Colourless

Absorbent activatedoxygen

mg.L-1 30

Chemically consumedoxygen (Dichromate)

mg.L-1 40

Chemically consumedoxygen (permanganate)

mg.L-1 15

TDS mg.L-1 1200

Ashes of dissolved solidsmaterials

mg.L-1 1100

Suspended materials mg.L-1 30

Ashes of suspendedmaterials

mg.L-1 20

Sulphate mg.L-1 1

Oil and grease mg.L-1 5

Phosphates mg.L-1 1

Nitrate mg.L-1 30

Phenol mg.L-1 0.002

Fluorides mg.L-1 0.5

Residual chlorine mg.L-1 1

Mercury mg.L-1 0.001

Lead mg.L-1 0.05

Cadmium mg.L-1 0.01

Arsenic mg.L-1 0.05

of 314



Hexavalent chromium mg.L-1 0.05

Copper mg.L-1 1

Nickel mg.L-1 0.1

Iron mg.L-1 1

Manganese mg.L-1 0.5

Zinc mg.L-1 1

Silver mg.L-1 0.05

Industrial detergent mg.L-1 0.05

Colony count MPN/100 cm3 2 500

of 314


Table 2-3 Criteria for surface water quality into which treated industrial effluent are discharged to(article 49 , D 92 / 2013, Law 48/1982)

Parameters Limiting criteria (mg.L-1)

Colour Less than 100 Col. Unit

Temperature + 5 oC of the receiving water temperature

Total solids 500

DO ≥ 5

pH 7 - 8.5

Absorbent oxygen ≤ 6

COD ≤ 10

Organic nitrogen ≤ 1

Ammonia ≤ 0.5

Oil and grease ≤ 0.1

Total alkalinity ≤ 20- 150

Sulphate ≤ 200

Mercury ≤ 0.001

Iron ≤ 1

Manganese ≤ 0.5

Copper ≤ 1

Zinc ≤ 1

Industrial detergents ≤ 0.5

Nitrate ≤ 45

Fluoride ≤ 0.5

Phenol ≤ 0.02

Arsenic ≤ 0.05

Cadmium ≤ 0.01

Cyanide ≤ 0.1

Lead ≤ 0.05

of 314


Parameters Limiting criteria (mg.L-1)

Selenium ≤ 0.01

2.1.3 International Standards

2.1.3.1. Surface water Standards

Parameters Units EPAnationalrecommendedwaterquality criteria,2009

Temp. oC N/A

DissolvedOxygen(DO) mg/l 5

pH ----- 6.5-9

TotalAlkalinty mg/l 20

TotalDissolvedSolids(TDS) mg/l 250

TotalSuspendedSolids(TSS) mg/l N/A

Ammonia(NH3) mg/l N/A

TotalOrganicNitrogen mg/l N/A

Turbidity BTU 5

Colour Hazen N/A

ChemicalOxygenDemand(COD) mg/l N/A

BiochemicalOxygenDemand(BOD) mg/l N/A

Oil&Grease mg/l N/A

IndustrialDetergent mg/l N/A

Phenol mg/l N/A

Benzo(a)Pyrene µg/l 0.0038

ResidualChlorine mg/l 0.019

Fluoride(F) mg/l N/A

Nitrite(NO2) mg/l N/A

Phosphate(PO4) mg/l N/A

Sulfate(SO4) mg/l N/A

Sulphide(S) mg/l N/A

Cyanide(CN) mg/l 0.022

Arsenic(As) mg/l 0.34

Cadmium(Cd) mg/l 0.002

Chromium(Cr) mg/l 0.016

HexavalentChromium mg/l 0.016

Copper(Cu) mg/l 1.3

of 314


Iron(Fe) mg/l 1

Lead(Pb) mg/l 0.065

Manganese(Mn) mg/l 0.05

Mercury(Hg) µg/l 0.0014

Nickel(Ni) mg/l 0.47

Selenium(Se) mg/l 0.005

Silver(Ag) mg/l 0.0032

Zinc(Zn) mg/l 0.12

TotalColiform CFU/100ml N/AWhere:


of 314


3. Methodology

3.1 Water Quality

4 water samples were collected by a team of specialists. Two surface water samples were taken fromIsmailia canal and according to ESIA prepared by Worley Parsons (2008), there are four existing wells inthe cultivated area east of the project site. This wells can be used to monitor ground water quality.

Figure 3-1 surface water

The surface water samples were taken from Ismailia canal; the remaining ground water samples were

taken from the ground water wells irrigation use. The analyses have been conducted at the Central

Water Quality Laboratory at the national research institute.

The measured parameters and the method used to analyze each parameter are specified in Table 3-1

Method of analysis and instruments

Extraction of tap water samples by liquid-liquid extraction procedure according to EPA method no.

3510C

of 314


Clean-up of organic extract was carried out according to EPA method no. 3600C.

Gas Chromatograph (GC) HP 6890 equipped with ultra 1 HP column (25 m x 0.25 mm x 320 µm)

was used for identification and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and aliphatic

and aromatic split.

Atomic absorption Spectra AAS Varian 220 equipped with several lamps was used for determination

of metals.

Method 625 B for aromatic using external standard.

pH meter-Jenway-3510 for pH meter, DO-meter thermo for dissolved oxygen.

Electric balance for gravimetric analysis.

Spectrophotometer, JASCO-V 630

Table 3-1 methods used for water analysisParameter Reference Method of analysis Tools of methods

Temp Using Thermometer Using Thermometer

pH 4500 – H+ pH Value Using pH meter

Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)

5210-Biochemical OxygenDemand (BOD)

Iodometric titrationmethod

Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)

5220-Chemical OxygenDemand (COD)

Closed Reflux,Colorimetric Method

Total Suspended solids (TSS) 2540-Total Suspended Solids Gravimetric method

Oil & Grease 5520 - Oil and Grease Liquid-Liquid, Partition-Gravimetric Method

Sulfide 4500-S2- Sulfide Iodometric titrationmethod

Phenol 5530 Phenols Colorimetric method

Total Nitrogen 4500 – N Nitrogen TN analyzer

Nitrate 4500 – NO3 Nitrogen Colorimetric method

Nitrite 4500 – NO2 Nitrogen Colorimetric method

of 314


Ammonia 4500 – NH4 Nitrogen Colorimetric method

Phosphate 4500 – PO43--Phosphate Colorimetric method

Ni 3500 -Ni Nickel

Using Atomic AbsorptionSpectroscopy AAS 200

Pb 3500 – Pb Lead

Hg 3500 – Hg Mercury

Zn 3500 – Zn Zinc

As 3500 - As Arsenic

Se 3500 – Se Selenium

Cr 3500 - Cr Chromium

Cu 3500 – Cu Copper

Ag 3500 – Ag silver

Fe 3500 – Fe Iron

Mn 3500 – Mn Manganse

PAHsMethod EPA 610-Polynuclear AromaticHydrocarbons

Gas chromatography-FID

Chlorinated Pesticides EPA method 608 Gas chromatography-ECD

Phenols EPA method 604-Phenols Gas chromatography-FID

PCBs EPA method 608-PCBs Gas chromatography-ECD

of 314


4. Results

4.1 Water Quality

4.1.1 Surface Water4 Surface Water samples in 4 different locations were taken and analysed in the national research institute labthe results are shown in Table 4-16.

Table 4-1 Surface water samples analysis resultsParameters Unit El-Salam canal

pH - 8.2

Electric conductivity (EC) µS 446

Temperature O C 24.5

Total dissolved solids mg/L 219

Total suspended solids mg/L 2

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mgO2/L 30

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) mgO2/L 18

Total alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 108

Biocarbonateas alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/L 108

Carbonate as CaCO3 mg/L ND

Hydroxide as CaCO3 mg /L ND

Chloride mg Cl-/L 38

Sulfate mg SO4/L 42

Ammonia mg NH4+/L 0.7

Nitrate mg NO3-/L ND

Sodium mg Na/L 58

Potassium mg K/L 6.5

Lead mg Pb/L < 0.01

Arsenic mg As/L < 0.01

Copper mg Cu/L < 0.01

Nickel mg Ni/L 0.01

Zinc mg Zn/L < 0.01

Iron mg Fe/L 0.06

of 314


Total Heavy Metals mg /L 0.07

Calcium Mg Ca/L 30

Magnesium mg Mg/L 14


of 314


5. ConclusionConcerning the surface water quality monitoring with respect to the parameters analyzed, it may be concludedthat the overall quality of water sampled was deemed to be good.

of 314


6. References Egyptian Law 4/1994 Amended by law 9/2009 and the executive regulation issued in 1995 and its

amended by Decree 1741/2005, decree 1095 /2011, decree 710/2012 and decree 964/2015.

of 314


Annex 5: Emergency Response Plan

of 314


Annex 6: Solid Waste Management Plan

of 314


Annex 7: Grievance Form

of 314


Annex 8: Scoping Session Participants list

N Name Job Mobile

1. Ahmed Ahmed Abou-Elfotouh Badawy Head of Kafr Saad Local Unit 010043665902. Fawzy Othman Mousa Abou El-Aata Head of El- Wastani Local Unit 010978900323. Magdy Mohammed Mosbah El-Abd Head of Kafr El-Marabeen Local Unit 012289900354. Ibrahim Hassan El-Abd Official Organization department at local

unit01226505492

5. Nagwa Magdy Kamel El-Atbany Chemical management EnvironmentalAffairs in Damietta

01065657696

6. Magdy Khater Hessien El-Gendi Vice President of Damietta City &Center 010944681507. Hassan Hessien Sheta Head of Local Unit 011118070598. Alaa Ali Employee At Local Unit -9. Mahmoud Ali Mahmoud Ali Nahdet Porsaid association 0122273975810. Ahmed El_Sayed El-Malahy Director of the Department of Agriculture

in Damietta01005229404

11. Amany Ahmed El-Alfi Vice president city center of Kafr Saad 0101800012312. Reda Sedki Mohammed El-Kafrawi Employee At Om El-Reda Local Unit 0106332376613. Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed Zaiat Head of Om El-Reda Local Unit 0106807747814. Esmat Mohammed President of Sheikh Dorgham Village 0100435035315. Wafi Abd- ElSalam Technician engineering department 0100465606616. Mohammed Ahmed Attia Employee at Department of Agriculture 0100390696117. Hassan Abou Hessien Employee at Department of Agriculture 01002574070

of 314


18. Lotfi Ahmed Gaafar Head of Local Unit 0100335769019. Abd El-Moniem Ahmed El-Wahdan Employee At Local Unit 0122373339620. Jamal El-Dien Abd El-Hamid Reform and the development of a

sustainable environment01001729103

21. Yara Mamdouh Abd El-Wahed General Cabinet governorate- Departmentof Environmental Affairs

01000569009

22. Mohammed Sayed General Cabinet governorate- Departmentof Environmental Affairs

01110051573

23. Sameh Mohammed El-Kenany Employee At El-Shoaara Local Unit 0122472824224. Mohammed Shalabi Hassan Secretary of El-Shoaara Local Unit 0111090907725. Wafaa Abd El-Rahman Amin Vice president Zarqa city center 0128555004426. Ahmed wafiq Environmental expert 0100370439027. Mohannad Ma’mon Anan Salem Secretary at Local Unit 0100023343328. Ezzat Rashed Mohammed - 0100133690329. Azza Abd Al-Fatah El-Atban Director of Environmental Affairs Council

of the city of Damietta01281803046

30. Abeer Abduallah Farahat Engineer management EnvironmentalAffairs Council of the city of Damietta

0122240890

31. Saber Ayman Mohammed Khodier - 012281962732. Tharwat El-Saied Head of Muhammadiyah village 0122523119133. El-Saied Mohammed Ahmed Gad Director of Environment Department in

Kafr El-Batekh-

34. Hossam Nasr Fahmi Chairman of El-Huda El-NabawiAssociation

01002000119

35. Ismail Ismail Mohammed Vice Chairmanof El-Huda El-NabawiAssociation

-

36. Alaa El-Dien Hassan Mohammed General Manager of Projects – GASCO 01006683523

of 314


37. Mahmoud Abo El-zaiem Vice President of the city of El-Sarw 388031138. Lamiaa Fathy Abd Al-Bar Head of Department of Environment Ras

Al-Bar01208906162

39. Mohammed Mohamme El-Attawi Employee atAlbsarthLocal Unit -40. Sameh Mahmoud Mansour First planning and project engineer - The

Holding Company01003435411

41. Ahmed Mohammed Samy Head of Alsoualem Village 0109029001342. Ahmed Essam Amer - 0100123092743. Tarek Ahmed Yasser Environmental specialist -44. Nashwa Mohammed Zakria Agent Agricultural Cooperation

Department in the Office of thegovernorate

01093946979

45. Amira Taher An environmental inspector in the Officeof Damietta

01278453206

46. Neamat Hassan Employee environmental management inthe Office of the governorate

01289184896

47. Sawsan Hassan Helal An environmental inspector in the Officeof Damietta

01012681813

48. Abeer Hassan Abd El-Khalee Information Officer environmental atgovernorate

01003293931

49. Nevien Mohammed El-Galad Chemical management EnvironmentalAffairs

01067737780

50. Hend Nagy Al-Meghlawy Chemical management EnvironmentalAffairs

01284449362

51. Sami Abaas El-Basha Head of the local unit in Kafr El-Manazlah 0109815560052. Ibrahim Mohammed l-Ramli Head of A Local Unit 0100743936453. Amr Mohammed Hassan El-Foli Director of the Department of

Environmental Protection - EGAS01002103131

of 314


54. Ahmed Ayoub Zyara Head of the local unit of El-Zahraa 01065853700

55. Maha Metwaly Fayed Assistant Chief Kafr Saad Center forEnvironmental Affairs

01017748135

56. Abd El-Raziq Shams GASCO 0100253380557. Mokhtar Youssef General Manager of Damietta district -

GASCO01006506243

58. Ahmed El-Hawary General Manager of Services - GASCO 0111111717259. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed El-sayed General Manager of Occupational Safety

and Health - GASCO01006072291

60. Hessian Abd El-Aziz Hamed General Manager of Occupational Safetyand Health - GASCO

01001663863

61. Reda El-Hosieny EEAA Mansoura Branch 0100915025162. Hameed Boghdady Mohammed Technician at local unit ofEl-Anina 0100024702563. Nehad Shawky Hassan El-Adawy Head of El-Anina Local unit 0100330447864. Mostafa Nabil Mostafa Nager GASCO 0100085878865. Mohammed Ahmed El-Sayed Awad Head of Government Relations – GASCO 0122922818766. Ahmed abd El-Hamid Youssef Assistant Director-General - PETROGET 0100308918967. Saber Ahmed Agent Environmental Affairs Management 0115015338868. E-Saeid Farouk El-Kordy Head of El-Basarta Village 0106587007069. Magdy Kotb Head of Faraskour city center 0100011124170. Safia Mosataf El-Sayed Director of the Regional Association in

Damietta01002448107

71. Mahmoud Ali Mohammed Ibrahim GASCO 0101028703572. Khairy Abd El-Fatah Ezz Director General of the Executive 0111010310073. Mohammed Mohammed El-Fayoumy Head of the local unit in Kafr Al-Nab 0101802042674. Ahmed Khalifa Abd-Elsalam Director General of the Executive 01226099995

of 314


75. Mohammed Abdou Head of the local unit of El-Syala 0100850576476. Diaa El-Sayed Youssef Director of Environmental Affairs at El-

Syala01003239486

77. Rehab El-Sayed EEAA Mansoura 0122355800878. Slama Serag El-Dien Head of Kafr Shehata 0106670388379. Mohammed Kadhy Director of Environment Department -

GASCO01110103154

80. Hisham El-Gharbawy General Manager of Civil Works Assistant- GASCO

01111117536

81. Ossama Abo El-Fotouh Mohammed Faraskour City Council 0106240637282. Fatma Ali Director of Emergency Management 0100808662083. Amaal Wahid Abd El-Hakim Vice President of the city of Ras El Bar 01016504588084. Ahmed Ibrahim El-Wasti Head of the local unit 0101782186785. Nawal Mohammed Behiery Head of El-Basatin Unit -86. Ahmed Mady El-Hendawy Employee at El-Basatin unit 0109210218187. Nasr Abdou Inspector at the governorate 0122309514988. Jamal Abd El-Aziz General Manager of the safety of lines and

stations Assistant - GASCO01005641957

89. Yasser Okasha Head of Safety Section Canal Zone 0100607254490. Salem Mohammed Salem GASCO 0100999487191. Ali Ahmed Ibrahim Chairman of El-Abasia village 0106155406692. Eman Youssef Hessien Chairman of Kafr Souliman village 0109375027693. Mohammed Mahmoud Abd El-Meged Director of Inspection Department and

Environmental Audit - GASCO01006752758

94. Hassan Hassan El-Sers Chairman of Ezbat El-Nahda 0106339677095. DR. Amr Ali Abd El-Meged Director General of the Executive -

GASCO01123999918

of 314


96. El-Saied Farouk El-Koufy Head Of a Local Unit 0106587007097. Abd El-Wahab Fathy Rezq Deputy Prime Faraskour city center 0100508912698. Mohammed Wageh Director of Environmental Affairs Gamasa -99. Mohammed Mansour Mahmoud Director of the Canal Zone - GASCO 01006072871

of 314


Annex 9: Public Consultation Participants list

No. Name Job Telephone1. Yasser Abd Al-Gawad Fish Resources in Damietta 010930294972. Mokhtar Mohammed Mokhtar GASCO – Damietta zone 010065062433. Hossam Mahmoud Mohammed GASCO – Damietta zone 010655166954. Yara Mamdoh Abd El-Wahed Chemical management Environmental Affairs 010005690095. Sawsan Mosaad Helal Environmental Inspector General Diwan of

the province01012681813

6. Abeer Hassan Abd El-Khalee Media environmental - Office of the province 010032939317. Lamiaa Fathy Abd Al-Bar Head of Environment Department – Ras El-

Bar01208906762

8. Sami Abas Basha Head of the local unit in Kafr El-Manazlah 0105181556009. Tharwat Saied Chairman of Muhammadiyah village 0122523119110. Hesham El-Gharbawy Assistant Director-General - GASCO 0111111753611. Waleed Fathy Operating Coordinator 0111112252012. Amr Mohammed Hassan El-Foli Director of the Department of

Environmental Protection - EGAS01002103131

13. Seham Youssef Roads and Transportation Directorate 0100120850014. Eman El-Sayed Roads and Transportation Directorate 0102884778115. Kholoud Kareem Roads and Transportation Directorate 0122280937216. Ibrahim lofty Secretary General of the Association of

Engineers01221044774

17. Mohammed Ali Department of Environmental Affairs 0115015328818. Nasr Abdo Large environmental management inspectors 0122309514919. Mohammed Ahmed El-Sayed GASCO 0122922818720. Mohsen Mohammed Fayed Roads and Transportation Directorate 012717265021. Abd El-Gelil Mohammed Head of agricultural unit 01271978408

of 314


22. Salem Hassan Ali Agricultural Management Coordinator -Damietta

01142411658

23. Kamal Isamiel Aayad Agricultural Society - Albesarth 0109922971824. El-Sayed El-Habashi El-Sayed Khafagy Head of Unit Albesarth 0106728835025. Ahmed Mohammed Sami Head of Al-Swalem Unit 0109029001326. Ahmed Mohammed Ayoub Head of Al-Zahraa Unit 0106585370027. Ahmed Abd El-Hamed Youssef Assistant Director-General - PETROGET 0100308918928. Amr Abo Al-Amir Local city El-Sarw 0101627960829. Hessian Abd Al-Aziz General Manager of Safety 0100166386330. El-Saied Mohammed Gad Director of Development and Management

Kafr El-Batekh Center01073730010

31. Fawzy Othman Head Of El-Wastany Local Unit 0109789003232. Mohammed Fathy GASCO 0111010315433. Seham Ahmed Shoieb Head Of Om El-Zrqa Local Unit 0106225995634. Azza Abd El-Fatah Damietta Local Unit 0128180304635. Dina El-Sayed El-Balah Engineer manages Environmental Affairs - in

Damietta-

36. Eaniat Mohammed Farag Director General of Environmental Affairs 0101173029937. Mohsen Mohammed El-Gohary Director of the Association of Environment

Friends - Port Said01222456621

38. Mohammed Ali Hassan Hegazy Port Said Society for EnvironmentalDevelopment

01003949170

39. Amal Abd El-Hamid Hameed - 0100109042740. Magdy Ahmed Abd El-Wahed Director of Project Management - Fish

Resources01224729855

41. El-Metwaly El-Sayed El-Metwaly Director General of the operating and safetylines stations - GASCO

01001324980

42. Jamal El-Dien Abd El-Hamid Reform and sustainable development officer 01001729103

of 314


43. Neamat Hassan Ayoub An employee in the Office of Damietta 0128918489644. Nevien Mohammed El-Galad Chemical in The Environmental Affairs. 0106773778045. Ahmed Abd El-Salam GASCO 0122606999546. Amaal waheed Barakat Vice President of the city of Ras El Bar 0101650458847. Mohannad Maamon Othman Salem Local Unit secretary 0100023343348. Ezzat Rashed Environment director In a local unit 0100133690349. Abd El-Wahab Fathy Rezq Deputy Prime Faraskour city center 0100508912650. Magdy El-Hosieny Hatab Head of Faraskour city center 0100010124151. Ossama Abu El-Fotouh Mohammed Environmental official Faraskour Council 0106240637252. Reda El-Hosieny Management Environmental Impact

Assessment - the regional branch01009150251

53. Hwida Mounir EEAA -54. Rehab El-Kawi EEAA 0100533880155. Ahmed Aarfa Director of Operation - GASCO 0100171949156. Yasser Okasha Head of Safety Section - GASCO 0100607254457. Mohammed Essam Ashour Environmental Protection Engineer - EGAS 0100899305858. Eman Youssef Hessien Head of the local unit in Kafr Soliman -59. Fathy El-Sayed Employee At a Local Unit -60. Gaber Ayman Mohammed Khodier Al-Rawda City Council Director 0122890962761. Qotb Mohammed GASCO 0111111737662. Mohammed Fathy El-Sayed GASCO 0111111724563. Mohammed Hassan GASCO 0122245022064. Tawfik Abd El-Latif GASCO 0106440582465. Noura Mahmoud Qassem Environmental Affairs in the village of Um

El-Reda01015851035

66. Ahmed El-Qenishy Director of Safety Management -67. Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohammed Director General of Occupational Safety and

Health - GASCO01116117316

of 314


68. Soliman Mohammed Hassan Executive Director 0100505290569. Mohammed Nasr El-Dien Head of Ras El-Bar networks 0102603011170. El-Dieb Mousa General manager of networks and leverages

Ras El-Bar01026017799

71. Magda Mohammed Amin Director General of the Health Protection -GASCO

01099917122

72. Azza Abas El-Trabeli Executive General Manager of theEnvironmental Protection - GASCO

01224566425

73. Hossam Nasr Fahmy Chairman of El- Huda El-Nabwi Association 0100200014974. Abeer Abdullah Farhat Agricultural engineer environmental

management - Damietta01222407890

75. Mohammed Mansour Mahmoud Director of the Canal Zone - GASCO 0100607287176. Mohammed El-Sayed Ahmed Canal Zone Driver - GASCO 0120264076777. Ahmed El- Sayed Port Said Governorate 0100695646378. Mohammed Mahmoud Fish Wealth Authority - Damietta 01009261845

of 314


Annex 10: Applying the Rating Matrix Method to Assess the Environmental Impacts in theConstruction and Operation Phases

Table 6-1 - Impact assessment for construction stage environmental aspects

Aspect Description ImpactSeverityRanking

(S)

FrequencyRanking

(F)× Significant

Air Quality

Dustemissions areexpected tooccur during

theconstructionphase due to

on-siteactivities andfrom trucksfugitive dust.

Adversehealth

impact onthe

respiratorysystem of

the workers

4 4 16

AquaticEnvironment

Improperdisposal of

thewastewaterresultingfrom thetesting

activities

Negativeimpact onthe water

bodiesreceiving thiswastewater

4 2 8

Noise andvibration

Noise arisingfrom the

operation ofconstructionequipment

andmachinery

Adversehealth

impacts onthe auditorysystem of

the workers

4 4 16

Flora andFauna

Effect of theproject

activity onthe existing

habitats(Flora &Fauna)

located within

Temporaryecological

impacts willoccur in theconstruction

phase3 4 12

of 314



(S)

FrequencyRanking

(F)× Significant

thesurroundingregion of the

plant.

Land use,Landscape andVisual Impact

Theconstructionactivities will

affect theagriculturalareas the

route passingthrough.

Additionally,the

excavationactivities

during theconstruction

phase willaffectThe

residentialareas located

along thepipelineroute.

Negativeimpact on

theagriculturallands during

theconstruction

phase

Negativeimpact

resultingfrom

damagingthe streetsduring the

constructionphase

3 4 12

Soils, Geologyand

Hydrogeology

Theexcavation

activities willresult in

disturbanceof the soil

andgeological

characteristics

Negativeimpact on

the soil andgeology

during theconstruction

phase

2 2 4

TrafficTraffic anddelivery of

construction

Adverseimpact

concerning4 4 16

of 314



(S)

FrequencyRanking

(F)× Significant

materials andequipment to

the projectsite, in

addition torerouting the

smallsecondary/internal roads of

which thepipeline routepasses underfor 1-2 days,when eitherboring oropen cut

excavationmethods are

used.

the trafficduring the

constructionphase.

Reroutingwill also leadto reduction

in theaverage

speed of thevehicles on

the road andthe numberof operatinglanes, andmay affectthe areas

devoted forparking. This

may alsoincrease theprobability

of having caraccidents.

Archaeological,Historic and

CulturalHeritage

There is noany

archaeologicalconcerns

encountersthe pipeline

route

Noarchaeological impact will

take placeduring the

constructionphase

- - -

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakeand floodsmay disturb

theconstruction

activities

Negativeimpact onthe time

schedule ofthe

constructionactivities

3 4 12

of 314



(S)

FrequencyRanking

(F)× Significant

MajorAccidents and

Hazards

Theconstructionactivities mayinclude leaks

of the oilequipment

andmachinery

Negativeimpacts onthe soil andgeneration

of hazardouswaste

3 4 12

Solid WasteManagement

Generationof

constructionwaste e.g.

SoilConcrete;

Welding beltsUsed oils

Adverseimpacts on

theenvironment

from thepossibleimproper

disposal ofthe solidwastes.

Furthermore, adverseimpacts

fromincreased

traffic loadwhen

transportingwaste to

designatedlandfillsand/or

disposal sitesare expected.

4 4 16

Public Health

The dustresultingfrom the

constructionactivities may

affect theresidents

Negativeimpact on

the residentsalong thepipeline

route

2 2 4

of 314



(S)

FrequencyRanking

(F)× Significant

along thepipelineroute.

OccupationalHealth and

Safety

Health andsafety hazards

during theconstructionphase fromthe on-site

constructionactivities.

Adverseimpacts on

occupationalhealth &

safety of theworkers

4 3 12

ExistingInfrastructure

Theconstructionphase may

lead tobreaking any

of theundergroundinfrastructure

pipeline(water,

sewerage ortelecommunic

ation)

Negativeimpacts onthe water

supply or thetelecommuni

cationservice for

thesurrounding

areas

3 4 12

Energy Use

Fuelconsumptionby vehicles

andequipment

Air pollutionand the

associatedhealtheffects

2 3 6

of 314


Table 6-2 - Impact assessment for operation stage environmental aspectsAspect Description Impact Severity

Ranking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

Air Quality

Gaseousemissionsformmaintenanceactivities.Gaseous, dustor odoremissions areexpectedduring theoperation ofthe line.

Small amountsof CH4 releaseduringmaintenance.Generaldecrease ingaseousemissionsfrom powerplants due tofuel switch.

2 1 2

AquaticEnvironment

The projectoperation willnot affect theaquaticenvironment

The projectwill not impactin this regards

- - -

Noise andvibration

Minimalnoise will begeneratedfrom theoperation ofthe valverooms

Noise resultingfrom the valverooms is notconsidered tobe significant

2 2 4

Ecology (Floraand Fauna)

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill not impactthe flora andFauna exceptduringmaintenance.

2 1 2

Land use,Landscape andVisual Impact

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill not impactthe land useexcept duringmaintenanceand inspectionof cathodicprotection

3 2 6

Soils, Geology The No geological - - -

of 314


Aspect Description Impact SeverityRanking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

andHydrogeology

operation ofthe pipelinewill not affectthe soil or thegeology ofthe land

impact willoccur duringthe operationphase

Traffic

Theoperation ofthe pipelinedoes notincludeanytruckmovementexcept duringmaintenanceandinspection

Very smallincrease intraffic volumeduring theoperationexcept duringmaintenance

1 2 2

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakesmay lead topipelinebreakage

Negativeimpact on thegas networkconnections

4 1 4

MajorAccidents andHazards

Release ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gasdue to anyfailure in thepipeline orduring themaintenanceactivities inthe valverooms

Adverseimpact on thesurroundingenvironment

4 1 4

Public Health Away of therelease ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gasdiscussedabove, The

Adverseimpact on thesurroundingenvironment

1 1 1

of 314



FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

projectoperation willnot affect thepublic health

OccupationalHealth andSafety

The pipelineoperation willnot affect theoccupationalhealth andsafety as therewill be a smallnumber ofworkersduring theinspectionandmaintenanceactivities.

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thatregards

1 1 1

Solid WasteManagement

The pipelineoperation willnot disposeany type ofsolid wasteexceptoccasionallyduringmaintenance.

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thisregards.

1 1 1

ExistingInfrastructure

The projectoperation willnot affect theexistinginfrastructure

No significantimpactconcerning theexistinginfrastructure

- - -

Archaeological,Historic andCulturalHeritage

The projectoperation willnot includeany activitiesaffecting thehistoricheritage

There is nonegativeimpactconcerning thehistoricheritage duringthe operation

- - -

Energy Use This project Positive 3 4 12

of 314



FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

will help insupplying theregion withnatural gasforgeneration ofelectricitywhich willenrich thenationalelectricitygrid.

impact on theenergyresources

Annex 12: Occupational Health and Safety Plan for Construction

of 314


Annex 13: Emissions Reductions Calculations

The pipeline will serve new El Burullus Power Plant. The power plant will utilize natural gas togenerate 4800 MW electricity per year, that would have otherwise be generated using a mix of morecarbon intensive fuels (Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel Oil and Coal).

of 314


1. Baseline Emissions:

The following equation has been used to estimate the baseline emissions:BE CO2,elec,y = EC,y * EFgrid,y

Where:BE CO2,elec,y are the baseline emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year

y (tCO2/yr);

ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFgrid,y is the emission factor for the grid in year y (tCO2/MWh)

The emission factor of the grid is calculated as follows:

y

yi,,COyi,i,

y,i,

y,grid,EG

.EF.NCVFCEF

2

Where:

EFgrid,OMsimple,y = CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)

FCi,,y = Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed by power plant / unit m in year y(mass or volume unit)

NCVi,y = Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y (GJ / massor volume unit)

EFCO2,i,y = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in year y (tCO2/GJ)

EF,y = Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by all power sourcesserving the system in year y (MWh)

i = All fossil fuel types combusted in power plant / unit m in year y

In order to estimate the Emission factor of the grid, data from the latest report issued by theMinistry of Electricity & Renewable Energy (2013/2014) has been used. Additionally, data from theMoEE regarding the future energy mix that will be used to generate electricity in 2022 has been usedto estimate the future EF of the grid. The values of grid emission factor in the years between 2014and 2022 and post 2022 have been estimated.

of 314


Table 6-3: Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014 11

Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014

Hydro 13,352

Thermal 138,795

Generated Energy from Wind (Zafarana) 1,446

Purchased Energy from IPPs 62

Generated from private sector (BOOT) 14,154

Total Net electricity generated (excluding isolated units), (GWh) 167809

Table 6-4: Fossil fuels amounts consumed in the electricity system in year 2013/2014 12

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 7,809,000

Natural Gas (NG) m3 28,263,000,000

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 21,994,553

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 56,600

Special Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 76,800

11 Egyptian Holding Electricity Company, Annual Report, 2014


of 314


Table 6-5: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne13 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 14

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 7809000 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 23,819,012

NG 28263000000 m3 -

NG 21994553 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 57,326,602

LFO 56600 Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 176,694

SpecialLFO 76800

Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 239,754

CO2 emissions, 2013/2014 (tCO2) 81,562,062

CO2 emission factor 2013/2014 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5874

Table 6-6: Anticipated Net electricity production for Year 202215

Net Electricity Production in year 2022

Hydro 13,519

Thermal (NG + HFO) 256,865

Wind and solar 112,660

Coal 67,596

Total Net electricity generated (GWh) 450640

Total installed capacity (MW) 86000

13 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

14 ibid

15 “Addressing Egypt’s Electricity Vision, Minister of Electricity & Renewable Energy: Dr. Mohamed ShakerEl-Markabi

of 314


Table 6-7: Anticipated Fossil fuels amounts to be consumed in the electricity system in year 2022 16

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 9,441,689

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 45,031,610

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes -

Coal Tonnes 31,271,047

Table 6-8: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne17 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 18

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 9441689 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 28,799,039

NG 45,031,610 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 117,370,389

LFO - Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 -

Coal31,271,047

Tonnes 0.035 94.6 103,538,436

CO2 emissions, 2022 (tCO2) 249,707,864

CO2 emission factor 2022 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5541

2. Project Emissions:

The project emissions are calculated based on the following equation:


17 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

18 ibid

of 314


PE CO2,elec,y = ECPJ,y * ECNG,y

Where:PE CO2,elec,y are the project emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year y

(tCO2/yr);

ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFNG,y is the emission factor of the power plant that utilizes natural gas in year y (0.51tCO2/MWh)19

The following table summarizes the baseline emissions, the project emissions and the emissionreductions generated by the project.

Year Electricitygenerated

byBurullusPowerPlant

(MWh)

EF grid

(tCO2/MWh)

BaselineEmissions

(t CO2/y)

Project Emissions

(t CO2/y)

EmissionsReductions

(t CO2/y)

2014 - 0.5874 - - -

2014 - 0.5832 - - -

2016 - 0.5791 - - -

2017 38016000 0.5749 21,855,439 19,388,160 2,467,279

2018 38016000 0.5707 21,697,284 19,388,160 2,309,124

2019 38016000 0.5666 21,539,130 19,388,160 2,150,970

2020 38016000 0.5624 21,380,975 19,388,160 1,992,815

2021 38016000 0.5583 21,222,820 19,388,160 1,834,660

2022 38016000 0.5541 21,064,666 19,388,160 1,676,506

19 US Energy Information Administration (EIA)

of 314


2023 38016000 0.5499 20,906,511 19,388,160 1,518,351

2024 38016000 0.5458 20,748,356 19,388,160 1,360,196

2025 38016000 0.5416 20,590,202 19,388,160 1,202,042

of 314


Annex 14: HSE Management Procedure for Oil spill

HSE Management procedure for accidental oil or leak for chemicals or oil

of 314


HSE Management procedure for oil change and greasing of equipment or valves