Settlement of the 13th ColonyAdapted from Georgia and the

American Experience, 2005

Homes

• Used tents upon arrival• Artisans built

permanent homes

Savannah

• Oglethorpe was the leader of the colony

• Setup a militia for protection

• Worked with Colonel William Bull and Noble Jones to design the city based on Robert Castell’s designs

http://savannahvisit.com/media/savannahs-history

Savannah• Savannah had 4 squares • Each square had 20 lots • 4 lots were for churches and

stores• The center of the square was

used for political, social, and religious gatherings

• Squares were divided into blocks

• 10 houses in each block• 21 of the original 24 squares

still remain in Savannahhttp://savannahvisit.com/media/savannahs-history

Expectations

• Settlers had to:– Take care of their

homes, 5 acre garden plot, and 45 acre farm

– Cultivate mulberry trees (silkworms)

– Build a sundial, courthouse, well, bakery, and gristmill http://ronmayhewphotography.wordpress.com/2012/07/

Sickness

• Scurvy, dysentery, and fever due to lack of vegetables, climate change, poor sanitation, and hard physical labor

New Colonists

• A ship with 42 Jewish passengers arrived and asked to join the colony.

• Dr. Samuel Nunis became the new doctor for the colony.

• German Protestants arrived from Salzburg, which was controlled by Catholics.

• John Martin Bolzius led the Salzburgers, and he asked to live in Georgia.

• They began the town of Ebenezer. The land was too marshy.

• They asked for a new site and moved to Red Bluff, which they named New Ebenezer.

Reporting to the Trustees

• Oglethorpe, Chief Tomochichi and 7 other members of the tribe went to Great Britain.

• The British held parties for them; they were excited about the new colony.

• 300 new colonists went back to GA with him.

• Oglethorpe received money for defense and new regulations:– Buying rum was against

the law– Alcohol could not be

used in trading with Natives

– Slavery was not allowed

Conflict

• Colonists were unhappy with the new regulations and their crops.

• SC colonists were doing well; tobacco, cotton, and rice were growing fine. They were able to have slaves.

• Many British settlers wanted slavery; some began to move to new areas with fewer regulations.

• Great Britain continued to control GA’s border; Spain controlled FL’s border. They began fighting.

The Spanish Invasion

• Also called “War of Jenkin’s Ear”• The British militia tried to take Spanish forts,

but the Spanish militia conducted a surprise attack.

• They continued to attack one another for several years.

• Oglethorpe finally was able to beat the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh. (read p. 124-125)

Changes in the Colony

• After the war, Oglethorpe was asked to go before the courts in Great Britain. They were upset that he did not capture St. Augustine.

• He was not found guilty, but he decided to stay in Great Britain.

• William Stephens became the new president of the colony. Rum was allowed in 1742 and slavery was allowed in 1750.

The Charter Colony

• The British Parliament stopped putting money aside for the colony.

• Twenty years had passed, so the trustees returned to Great Britain.

The Charter Colony: Positive and Negative

Positive• 5500 people settled in GA• European protestants were able to

worship freely• Treaties were created among the

Natives and Europeans• The threat of the Spanish was gone• John and Charles Wesley established

the first Sunday School in America; they founded the Methodist Church.

• Homes for children without parents were created.

• Courts remained• Colonists could own land; women

could inherit property

Negative• Slavery• Rum imported freely• Economic failure• The original purpose of the colony

was forgotten about; debtors were not allowed to go to GA