Miss Strantz

The Death of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

The Tudor dynasty of y yEngland ended after Queen Elizabeth I’s death in 1603death in 1603King James I (James Stuart) take overHe attempted to bring all Protestants into the Anglican Church andAnglican Church and threatened to “throw out” any who opposed

Settlement in JamestownSettlement in Jamestown

In 1605 the London Company askedIn 1605, the London Company asked King James I permission to found a settlement in North America

In 1605, “Virginia” extended from Maine to South CarolinaIn 1606, King James I granted the request

Jamestown’s SettlementJamestown s Settlement

The London Company knew aboutThe London Company knew about Roanoke’s failure.

They formed a joint-stock company (ratherThey formed a joint stock company (rather than relying on one person’s wealth, as Roanoke did)They advertised Virginia in England ○ Promised wealth

Th d d d h f○ The attracted adventurers and the poor of England

Settlement in JamestownSettlement in Jamestown

On April 26, 1607 p ,the first colonists arrived in AmericaMay 14 1607 theMay 14, 1607, the first 105 colonists of England settled J tJamestownJamestown was located up thelocated up the James River in Virginia. J t d

Jamestown, Virginia

Jamestown, named after King James I

Jamestown VirginiaJamestown, Virginia

Problems in JamestownProblems in Jamestown

The settlers were The settlement site poorly trainedMost signed up to get i h d t h

was a poor choiceOn a peninsula Very little large gamerich and return home

with their fortunesThey had very little

Very little large game Marshland-mosquitoesBrackish water (salty)They had very little

farming experience Few were skilled

ti

2 of every 3 settlers died over the first winter 66%artisans

Communal living All shared equally in

winter…66%

All shared equally in everything

John SmithJohn SmithJohn Smith took control over Jamestown in 1608He made them work harder

Forced settlers to build better homes and grow more foodhomes and grow more food

In 1609, 400 more settlers arrivedAn injury (gun power burn) forced Smith home to EnglandEngland

Without leadership, the winter disease and famine led to “starving time” John Smithstarving timeOnly 60 settlers lived through to spring of 1610

John Smith

Powhatan Confederacy Powhatan Confederacy

John Smith helped arrange an agreement with theJohn Smith helped arrange an agreement with the Powhatan Confederacy of Native AmericansWahunsonasock (Chief Powhatan) led the alliance of the Algonquin Indians

Sometimes the Powhatan brought food to help the colonistsThey taught them how to grow cornThey taught them how to grow cornThey were willing to help

Colonists took food by forceColonists took food by force Pocahontas was Chief Powhatan’s daughter

Pocahontas Saves SmithPocahontas Saves SmithChief Powhatan

d d S ith t bordered Smith to be executedPocahontas laid onPocahontas laid on top of Smith to protect himSmith was granted a release and went back to Jamestownback to JamestownPocahontas saved Smith but was inSmith but was in love with…?

Raising Family was difficult in the colonies

Men outnumberedMen outnumbered women 7 to 1 (wives were scarce) Diseases killed loved onesonesFood, shelter, tools, utensils, furniture, clothing all had to be

d b l i tmade by colonistsSchooling and church services took place in the home because no schools or churches existed

John Rolfe Jamestown was near John Rolfeeconomic disaster. It could not make a profit for its investors In 1612, John Rolfe introduced West Indian tobacco ( not as bitter as thetobacco ( not as bitter as the Powhatan variety) to JamestownM i d P h t i 1614Married Pocahontas in 1614The London Company made its first profit from the Jamestown colony London Company also began to sell land to individualsto sell land to individuals which attracted more settlers

Rolfe and Pocahontas in EnglandRolfe and Pocahontas in EnglandRebecca Rolfe was her baptismal Christian, married nameJanuary 30, 1615 a son Thomas Rolfe was bornThe London Company brought them to England to “sell” the New WorldShe died at Gravesend, England March 21, 1617

Descendants of Rolfe and Pocahontas include First Ladies Edith Wilson and Nancy Reaganand Nancy Reagan

War in VirginiaWar in Virginia

Pocahontas (1617) and PowhatanPocahontas (1617) and Powhatan (1618) diedColonists no longer relied on theColonists no longer relied on the Powhatan for foodColonists wanted to grow tobacco onColonists wanted to grow tobacco on Powhatan ground1622 colonists killed the Powhatan1622, colonists killed the Powhatan chief, Openchancanough, brother of PowhatanPowhatan

War in VirginiaWar in VirginiaThe Powhatan responded byresponded by attacking settlers and killing about 350 men, women and childrenwomen, and children

Among the dead was John Rolfe

Surviving settler thenSurviving settler then burned Indian villagesFor the next 20 years fi hti b t thfighting between the Powhatan and the Virginia setter

ti d Powhatan Warriorcontinued. Powhatan Warrior

Daily Life in Virginia Daily Life in Virginia Headright System-colonists who paid ptheir own way to Virginia received 50 acres of landacres of land

A colonists could earn 50 acres more for every person brought from EnglandgRich colonists (cavaliers) brought servants or relatives Tobacco Plantsservants or relatives and gained large tracts of land

Virginia Colony SettlementVirginia Colony Settlement

Cavaliers- Rich menCavaliers Rich men who owned large farms in eastern Vi i iVirginiaShenandoah Valley

area where poor– area where poor farmers claimed and farmed land

Tobacco PlantationTobacco Plantation

Labor in VirginiaLabor in VirginiaIndentured Servants-colonists who signed a gcontract to work from 4 to 7 years for those who paid their way to America

75% of Virginia’s early settlers were such servants Many died before their service was upservice was up○ Those who lived received

freedom and landfreedom and land

Labor in VirginiaLabor in VirginiaAfrican Slaves- in 1619, the first African slaves arrived in Virginia

Some were indentured t d i dservants and received

freedom and land after their serviceEventually, planters began keeping lifelong slavesWid d f lWidespread use of slave labor made planters richThis wealth came at great s ea t ca e at g eatcost in human life and liberty

Bacon’s RebellionBacon s RebellionNathaniel Bacon led, what most believed to be the first revolution in AmericaHe was fighting Lord Berkley, a tyrannical leader of Virginia wholeader of Virginia who

Refused to protect settlers from Indian attacksRemoved elected officials from the House of Burgesses

The Significance of 1619The Significance of 1619

Women arrived in JamestownWomen arrived in JamestownAfrican slaves arrived in JamestownThe Virginia House of Burgesses beganThe Virginia House of Burgesses began in Jamestown

All men 17 or older could voteAll men 17 or older could vote Representatives legislature Made rules and laws for the colonyMade rules and laws for the colony