Setting the Stage for War

Ch. 18 Sec 1

Do Now!

• In your opinion, how do world wars begin?• What would cause the planet to go to war?

ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

What were the CAUSES OF W.W. I.?

There is no avoiding war; it can

only be postponed to the

advantage of others.

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527),

Italian political philosopher,

statesman. The Prince, ch. 3 (1514).

SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES

•What is an alliance? What is good about an alliance and what is bad about it?

Alliances• Nations formed alliances, or partnerships, for

protection.• Alliances were formed to maintain peace but would

lead directly to war.• Germany formed a military alliance with Austria-

Hungary and Italy called the Triple Alliance.• Fearful of Germany’s growing power, France and

Russia formed a secret alliance with each other.

What were the two sides?– IT GRADUALLY DIVIDED EUROPE INTO TWO

HOSTILE GROUPS OF POWERS.– Triple Alliance/Central Powers • GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY and OTTOMAN EMPIRE

– Triple Entente/Allied Powers• GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND RUSSIA• Some European leaders believed that these alliances

created a balance of power, in which each nation had equal strength, therefore decreasing the chance of war.

Alliances on a Map

Questions

• Analyze the map… Who do you think has the greatest advantage and why?

• Other nations were also trying to expand, and this quest for colonial empires is known as imperialism.• Imperialism– Competition for control of Africa, Asia and other

parts of the world

IMPERIALISM-competition for global control

Militarism • Militarism– The glorification of armed strength.– They thought that they could achieve goals through

the threat or use of force.– By late 1800’s, most nations built large armies.• Nation had to be quick to mobilize–Prepare its army for war.

– First modern battleship was launch in 1906(Dreadnought).• Germany soon built similar ships.

NATIONALISM –

• What is nationalism? Pride in one’s country• POSITIVE-NATIONALISM HAD BROUGHT

ABOUT THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY AND GERMANY.

• NEGATIVE- IT LED TO NOURISHED HATRED BETWEEN GERMANY AND FRANCE AND HATRED BETWEEN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND RUSSIA.

Industrialization

• NEW TECHNOLOGY MEANT MORE CARNAGE • INDUSTRIAL GROWTH LED TO INCREASED

NEED FOR NATIONS TO COMPETE FOR RESOURCES

• INDUSTRIAL GROWTH LED TO INCREASED NEED TO EXPAND

Causes of War

• In your opinion, rank the causes of war from most important cause to least.

• Please be able to explain your ranking.• 1 being the most important • 5 being of least importance.

Back to Alliances…– Bismarck had Italy join

into an alliance with Germany and Aus/Hun.

– This isolated France and gave Germany some security for it borders.

– Agreed to remain neutral, if the others went to war.

Triple Entente• France was trying to avoid

isolation.– Fr. helped Russia out of a

financial crisis.– They signed an alliance in 1894.

• England soon felt pressured by German naval build-up and looked for an allies.

• In 1907, France, England and Russia signed the Triple Entente.

• Europe was divided into two camps

Balkan “Powder Keg”• Serbia was an independent state.– It hoped to become larger, by controlling the areas of

Bosnia and Herzegovina.– Aus/Hun annexed these two provinces.

• This angered the Serbs.• Russia also supported the Serbians in its grievance. (Pan-Slavism).

– Great Britain was alarmed by Russian influence into this area.• G.B. want to keep Russia out of the Mediterranean. • But, it was more of a rival to the Germans.• Russia and England signed a treaty.

The SPARK• June 28, 1914.– The heir the Aus/Hun

throne, Francis Ferdinand visited Sarajevo.• People in Sarajevo want

to be with Bosnia.• Gavrilo Princip

assassinated the Arch duke.

• Some Serbian officals were implicated in the plot.

More on the Assassination • Gavrilo Pincip joined the Black Hand terrorist

organization, which wanted to free Bosnia from Austro-Hungarian rule.

• This group plotted to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia.

• On June 28, 1914, Princip accidentally found himself in front of the archduke’s car and fatally shot the archduke and his wife.

Assassination

– Look at the picture how did he end up accidentally by his target?

The Ultimatum• What is an Ultimatum?

• Aus/Hun vowed to punish the Serbs.– They were afraid that Russia would become involved.– Aus/Hun made sure that Germany supported them.– An ultimatum was sent to the Serbian government.

• If Serbia did not agree to all the terms of the Ultimatum, force might be used.

• Serbia agreed to all of the terms except for one.

The Ultimatum

1. Serbian government must suppress all groups that oppose the Austria-Hungarian government

2. Serbia must dismiss school teachers and books opposed the Austria-Hungarian government

3. Serbia must dismiss government officials who spoke out against Austria-Hungarian

4. Austria-Hungarian must be allowed to participate in the trials of the assassins.

The Ultimatum• Serbia agreed to all of the terms except for the

last one.–Serbia mobilized it troops.–Aus/Hun declared war on Serbia.–Russia sent troops to the Aus/Hun border to

support Serbia.»They also sent troops to the German

border.»Germany warned Russia not to mobilize

troops on its border.

War is ON!!!!

• Aug 1 1914, Germany declared war on Russia.– Since Russia was allied with France, Germany declared war

on France two days later.• Germany moved to defeat France first.– Germany marched into Belgium,

• Belgium signed a treaty not to help any belligerents, or warring countries.– It agreed to stay neutral in any war.– Britain demanded Germany honor treaty.– Germany didn’t and Great Britain declared war on Germany.

Choosing up sides

• Japan entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers (GB, RUS, FR)– Wanted to gain Germany colonies in Asia.

• Italy entered on the side of the allies.– They signed a secret treaty with Allies.

• The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers (Ger, Aus/Hun).– Didn’t like Russian influence in Balkans.

• Bulgaria joined the Central Powers.

How they Stood

Question

• What Super Power is missing?

Around the World

• 3,000 miles away, most Americans cared little about the murder.

• Still, most of Europe plunged into war within five weeks.

• Long before Princip even fired a shot, political changes in Europe made war almost unavoidable.

• By 1914 Europe was ripe for war.

“Quote”

• “As I write, Germany is reported to have declared war against Russia and France…Nothing like it has occurred since the Napoleonic Wars… All of Europe is to be a battle ground…The future looks dark indeed.”

• William Howard Taft (former US President)• Why do you think Taft thought the war would

spread all over Europe?

True/False Review

• In the Century before the start of World War I, some countries contained many nationalities ruled by a single government.

• The spirit of militarism encouraged finding a peaceful solution to disputes.

• The unification of Germany made Germany a weaker country.

• Germany did not take part in the international race for oversea colonies.

True/False Review

• Obtaining Bosnia and Herzegovina was important to Serbia because it would give Serbia access to the sea.

• A Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.

• Germany sent Serbia an Ultimatum after the the assassination.

• Great Britain violated Belgium’s neutrality.

True/False Review

• Germany declared war on Russia two days after declaring war on France.