Setting the Stage

for Revolution:

Absolute Monarchies In your spiral, use the glossary &

define:

1.divine right of kings

2.Absolutism

3.Absolute monarch (use the

glossary & your brain to define)

Frayer Model: Absolutism Illustrated Dictionary. Follow the directions below & place it in your

spiral :

Vocabulary Word

Copy down the dictionary definition of your word here.

Draw an illustration of your vocabulary word here.

Define the word, using

your own words.

How does this word apply to the United States in the 21st Century?

Absolute Monarchies in

Europe

1550-1800 Spain

France

England

Austria

Prussia

Russia

Thirty Years’ War

1618-1648 1640: Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian

(German) principalities.

Electors from the 7 major German states elect the Holy Roman emperor. Many other German states no longer recognize the power of the Holy Roman emperor.

1641: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control.

Over thirty years alliances continually changed.

War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated.

1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. France is clear winner, gains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. Prussia remains fragmented and Hapsburgs lose much power.

The Philosopher Behind the Age • Thomas Hobbes

• 1660 – Wrote the Leviathon (Giant)

• Discussed the perfect government

• People first lived in anarchy

• Needed a “social contract”

• Required an absolute monarch to maintain order

• People retained the right only to maintain their lives.

Absolutism Summary Chart Use the remaining power point slides to

complete the chart below SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA

Government monarchy

Leaders

(Dates)

Phillip II

absolute

monarch

(1554-1598)

Religion Catholic

Economy Richest in

world, based

on New World

trade

Wars and

Reforms

Defeats

Ottomans

in 1571

England - Pathway to

Revolution

1603-1689 • Elizabeth I (1558 – 1603) –

Absolute ruler of England.

• Kept Parliament on her

side.

• Stabilized the nation and

expanded British territory.

• Died without an heir.

• Country had to decide

who would replace her.

England - Pathway to Revolution

1603-1689

England – James I

(1603 – 1625) • James VI of Scotland

• Became James I of England when Elizabeth I died.

• Believed in Divine Right of Kings. “Kings are called gods because they sit upon God’s throne on earth.”

• Ran up a huge debt in England.

• Had Bible translated from Latin into English

England – Charles I

1625 - 1649 • Absolute monarch - had no

problem with putting his enemies in prison without trial

• Ran up a huge debt

• Dissolved Parliament in 1629

• Touched off a massive civil war between supporters of Charles and supporters of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell.

• Charles I beheaded in 1649.

In England, no ruler could claim absolute power

and ignore the rule of law.

England – Oliver Cromwell

1649 - 1658 • Lord Protector – England

• Ruled through the army

• Exiled Catholics to Ireland

• Strict Puritan laws passed – theaters closed, Sunday set aside for worship, no lewd dancing, taverns or gambling

• Religious freedom for everyone else

• When Cromwell died, Restoration began.

England – Charles II

The Restoration

1660 - 1685

• Popular ruler

• Monarchy restored –

Hence: Restoration

• Bowed to the wishes of

Parliament

• Restored the Church

of England

• Stabilized government

England – James II

1685 - 1688 • Absolute Ruler

• Antagonized Parliament

• Ran up a huge debt

• Openly Catholic

• Forced from throne in what came to be called the Glorious Revolution

• Struggle between king and parliament – page 425

Setting the Stage

for Revolution:

Absolute Monarchies

2. Read the American Bill of Rights.

Which Amendment gives us the right

to freedom of speech? (answer in

your spirals)

England – William and Mary

English Bill of Rights

1689 • William and Mary given the throne after the Bill of

Rights passed.

• Guaranteed supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy.

• Parliament had to meet on a regular basis

• Monarchy could neither make nor suspend laws

• Trial by jury reinstated.

• Abolished fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

• Affirmed “writ of habeas corpus” – no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. Due process of laws.

• Laid groundwork for American system of laws.

The Philosophy Advances • John Locke

• 1690

• People first lived in anarchy

• Needed a “social contract”

• People gave up only SOME of their individual rights.

• Kept the right to: - Live - Enjoy Liberty - Own Property

• Rulers who violated these rights broke the social contract and could be overthrown.

France – Louis XIV

Ruled 1643 - 1715 Called himself the Sun King

Believed in divine right. “L’etat, c’est moi.” (I am the state.)

Made French army the strongest in Europe

France was the wealthiest country in Europe under Louis XIV

Louis XIV spent huge amounts of money

Built Versailles. (page 419)

War of Spanish Succession (page 420)

Spain – Philip II

Ruled 1556-1598 • Sought to expand Spanish influence

– ruled Spain when the empire was at

its height. Included the Spanish New

World

• Devout: tried to strengthen Catholic

church

• Centralized royal power

• Married Mary I of England – returned

England to Catholicism

• Invaded England with Spanish

armada against Elizabeth I – lost

Russia – Peter the Great

Ruled 1682-1725 • Goal was to westernize Russia.

Forced powerful boyars to bow to his will.

• Built modern Western city for Russian capital – St. Petersburg.

• Spread serfdom.

• Studied Western technology. Worked in a shipyard

• Extended Russian territory – to Pacific Ocean.

• 1700: Fought Sweden for control of Baltic. Gained several Baltic ports

Austria – Maria Theresa

ruled 1740 - 1780 Absolute monarch of Austria

Fought Frederick II of Prussia

for control of Hungary and

Silesia

Reorganized the government

Enlightened Despot

Eased tax burden on her

people

Gave more rights to her

subjects

Gave birth to 16 children while

in power

Prussia – Frederick II

Ruled 1740-1786 Absolute ruler of

Prussia (Germany)

Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession

Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation

Absolutism Summary Chart

SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA

Government monarchy

Leaders

(Dates)

Philip II

absolute

monarch

(1554-1598)

Religion Catholic

Economy Richest in

world, based

on New World

trade

Wars and

Reforms

Defeats

Ottomans

in 1571