english civil war – glorious revolution. james i wanted absolute power when he inherited the...
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English Civil War – Glorious Revolution
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James I wanted absolute power when he inherited the throne from Queen Elizabeth
Elizabeth wanted absolute power too, but was better at flattering parliament to get her way
Always conflict between the royalty and parliament over $ - royalty wants $ for royal court and foreign wars
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English kings want to be absolute monarchs
Problem – English kings need Parliament (representative assembly) for money
James I dies and son Charles I takes overCharles I 1. 1628 – summons Parliament because he needs money
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2. Parliament forces him to sign Petition of Right – king cannot raise taxes without Parliament’s consent and king cannot imprison anyone without just cause-
3. 1629 – Charles I dismisses Parliament
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Petition of RightNo imprisonment without due causeNo taxation without parliament’s
consentNo putting soldiers in private homesNo martial law during peacetime
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Charles I signed the petition and then ignored it – even dissolved parliament again and levied mad taxes on the people
The people hated the taxes (obviously)
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1640-1653 – Long Parliament declared that Parliament could not be dissolved without its consent
1642 Charles I led troops into Parliament English Civil War begins
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Cavaliers (supported Charles I) vs. Roundheads (supported Parliament and its leader – Oliver Cromwell)
Roundheads got their names because they had short hair- exposing their “round head”
1649 Charles I executed – first time that a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own people
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Commonwealth – England ruled by a commoner (Oliver Cromwell) and not by a king
Cromwell promoted Puritan beliefs (closed theaters, pubs, etc…)
No sporting events
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Cromwell dies1660 Parliament invited Charles
II (son of Charles I) to rule England – restoring monarchy to England
Charles II – reopened theaters and taverns & restored Church of England –People
1685 James II becomes king of England
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James II was openly Catholic and appointed Catholics to high office problem because England is a Protestant nation
Many feared James II would restore Catholic Church
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1688 Parliament invited William and Mary (Protestant daughter of James II) to rule England – bloodless revolution
James II fled1689 Bill of Rights – trial by jury
& abolished excessive fines and cruel and unjust punishment
Limited Monarchy monarch + representative assembly
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Habeas Corpus no person can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime “to have the body” People need to know why they’re arrested Could not be held indefinitely without trial
Parliament is more powerful than the king