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L2B First Linux Course

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L2B Linux First course

L2B Linux course


Our Rules Start at 10 AM. Mobile phone silent please. You can get in or get out without permission. Ask what you want. Some questions will be answered in the end. Only one talks and all listens. You can get materials from us or from outside

faculty To help us give us your feedback.

L2B Linux course


Outlines of this session Introduction to operating systems Introduction to Linux Introduction to Ubuntu Ubuntu installation steps GUI Virtual Box XChat File system hierarch

L2B Linux course


Operating systems introduction Operating system:

• It is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer.

• Windows is not the only operating system in the world.

L2B Linux course


Operating systems introduction There are a lot of operating systems such as:

• Unix• Linux• Minix• Windows• Mac OS

L2B Linux course


Linux Introduction What is GNU/Linux?

• It is an operating system which is free and open source software.

L2B Linux course


Linux Introduction Unix Introduction

• AT&T– BSD– HP-UX– Solaris– AIX

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Linux Introduction History of Linux

• Richard Stallman 1983

L2B Linux course



• GNU

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• Linus Torvalds 1990– Kernel

L2B Linux course


Linux Introduction Why Linux?

• Available and reachable• Stable• Minimum times of rebooting• Open Source• Free• Fast updates• Security• Well-documented

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• Shell• Virus rare• Real multi-user system• Multiple GUIs• Save hardware resources• It's kernel used in Embedded systems• Meets criteria

L2B Linux course



• Well supported by international companies– HP– IBM– Intel– Oracle – Sun

• National Security Agency (NSA) Why copy software illegally if you can get it for

free?

L2B Linux course


Linux Introduction Who uses Linux?

• Famous servers work on Linux such as:– www.google.com– www.wikipedia.com– www.youtube.com– www.4shared.com– www.rapidshare.com– www.cnn.com– download.microsoft.com– www.bing.com

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• 89.2% of super computers works on Linux• Embedded system engineers• 3D graphics such as:• The Matrix• Titanic• Gladiator• Super Man Returns• Spider Man• Men In Black

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• United States Department Of Defense• French Parliament• France's Ministry of Agriculture• NNSA

– National Nuclear Security Administration• FAA

– Fedral Aviation Administration.• ICBC:

– Industrial and Commercial Bank of China– All it's 20,000 branches

L2B Linux course


Linux IntroductionFor more information about Linux and who uses it visit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux

http://news.netcraft.com/

L2B Linux course


Linux Introduction Linux Distributions:

• RedHat• Centos• Fedora• BackTrack• Debian• Ubuntu• Unbreakable Linux

L2B Linux course


Ubuntu Introduction Why Ubuntu:

• Simple• Easy to get it• Free• Famous• Good documentation• Good Internet support

L2B Linux course


Ubuntu Introduction How to get Ubuntu:

• You can order our distribution from Menof• You can download it free of charge from here:

http://www.ubuntu.com/GetUbuntu/download• You can download Sabily from here:

http://www.sabily.org/website/index.php/en/sabily/downloads

• You can order a free CD or DVD from here:https://shipit.ubuntu.com

L2B Linux course


Ubuntu Installation steps Before installation

• What is a live CD?• File System:

– It is a method of storing and organizing computer files and the date they contain to make it easy to find and access them(FAT, NTFS, EXT4).

• Linux File System:– ext2– ext3– ext4

• Hard disk formatting using – GParted

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Ubuntu Installation steps Main installation:

• Booting live cd• Welcome message• Your location• Preparing disk space (manual)• Selecting Linux partitions• Setting username and password• Ready to install ???• One missing step

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GUI Graphical User Interface

• Types– GNOME– KDE– XFCE

Some details about GNOME• GNU Network Object Model Environment• Three menus

– Applications– Places– System

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GUI Some small notes

• Adding Arabic• Installing applications using

– Ubuntu Software Center– Synaptic Package Manager– Add and Remove

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GUI Remember authentication:

• First run the following commandsudo gedit /usr/share/polkit-

1/actions/org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.policy• Find the action id:

org.freedesktop.devicekit.disks.filesystem-mount-system-internal

• Within that action id look for the line:<allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>

• replace it with:<allow_active>yes</allow_active>

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Virtual Box Installation Create new virtual machine Settings of virtual machines General System Hard Disks CD/DVD Network

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XChat Installation How to connect to channel

/j #ChannelName Register

/msg nickserv register <password> <email> Authenticate access

/msg nickserv identify <password> Problem

• Server list disappear when your disk is fullSudo rm -f ~/.xchat2/servlist_.conf

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XChat important channels #linuxac #ubunu #centos #fedora #redhat #microcontrollers #oracle #php

L2B Linux course


XChat important channels #windows #java #c++ #c

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File System hierarchy

Files and directories are organized into a single-rooted inverted tree structure

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File System hierarchy

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File System hierarchy /bin

• Essential user command binaries /sbin

• System binaries /boot

• Files of the boot loader and kernel /etc

• Configuration files /home

• User's home directories

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File System hierarchy /lib

• Shared libraries /media

• Mount point for removable media /mnt

• Mount point for temporarily mounted file systems /root

• Root's home directories

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File System hierarchy /usr

• Non-essential user programs /var

• Variable files /proc

• Virtual documentation• Documentations for information about kernel and

its work /srv

• Contains server data such as databases

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File System hierarchy /opt

• Optional applications (Third-party programs) /dev

• Device files /tmp

• Temporary files

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How to self study www.linuxac.org L2B Linux Guide Virtual Box www.google.com IRC Man Pages RedHat Books

L2B Linux course


How to self study www.arabhardware.com

• Eng: Mostafa El-Tantawy– http://arabhardware.net/forum/showthread.php?

t=102331&page=6– http://4shared.com/dir/10800192/9e812230/Lunix.html

L2B Linux course


How to self study

Ubuntu Linux For NovicesPractical guide to use Ubuntu Linux

Arabic Linux Bash Guideكتاب لينوكس الشامل

For More info Please Visit Our Facebook Group

session1

Technology

linux coursel2b linux

session introduction

embedded systems

lot of operating systems

open source software

hardware resources

national security agency

super computers