Pastoral Counseling

Getting to know youName Classical Myers Brigs VARKLauren Andrews Sanguine/P ISFJ RKeith Thomas Phlegmatic/M ESTJ AEverest Aaron Phlegmatic/ ISFP RMoonesh Baboo Melancholy/P ISFJ KSahadai Gadar-Baboo Melancholy/P I/E STJ RCheryl Ann Antoine Melancholy/P I/E SFJ RPatricia Musai Melancholy/S ISFJ A/RAbeo Gervais Melancholy/C ISFJ RAllison Ross Sanguine/P ISTJ K

Class Definitions What is Counseling?

What is Christian Counseling?

What is Pastoral Counseling?

What is Pastoral Care?

What is Counseling?

Counseling is a science and an art . It is a science because it applies techniques and procedures that are utilized in helping a person to understand their situations and employ the most adequate solutions for problem solving and life change; it is an art because it allows the therapist to use unique or own personality and experiences in assisting the client.

Counseling DefinedCounseling is the process by which a professional relationship allows an individual to be equipped to deal with crisis/life’s circumstances.

Counseling refers to the application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systematic intervention (Gladding p. 6)

Counseling Defined

Counseling is an applied socialscience that helps individuals getbetter understanding of themselvesto handle their roles & relationshipseffectively.

Counseling Defined

Counseling attempts to provide encouragement and guidance for those who are facing losses, decisions, or disappointments…stimulate personality growth and development; help people cope more effectively with the problems of living, with inner conflict and with crippling emotions… (Collins 1988, p.16)

Christian Counseling Class Definition (2010)

Christian Counseling may be defined as an art and a science of applying Biblical principles to treat clients’ issues with the use of all the rudiments of professional counseling.

Sin is the primary focus of mankind’s dysfunction (Rom 5:12-14)Salvation, and transformation through counseling from the gospel is the primary solution.Scripture is authoritative and necessary for Christian counseling because it is God’s soul care guidebook

The Philosophy of Christian Counseling?

Triune God

Self Others

A Four-Dimensional Relational Model

Material Universe

The Philosophy of Christian Counseling?

Pastoral Counseling Class Definition (2010)

Pastoral Counseling is being able a pastor to effectively listen, discern, interpret and access a situation using Biblical principles to wisely help the individual or patient develop inner strength to cope until they are able to over come. Christian Counseling may be defined as an art and a science of applying Biblical principles to treat clients’ issues with the use of all the rudiments of professional counseling.

Pastoral counseling Pastoral counseling is the application or

employment of psychotherapeutic techniques by trained members of the clergy to assist parishioners who seek help for personal or emotional problems.

This area of counseling incorporates, but does not impose, religious values and spirituality. Pastoral Counselors will talk with you about your religious values and spirituality.

Is "pastoral counseling" different from "Christian counseling?"

Pastoral counseling incorporates religious values, prayer and reading from the scripture together with professional counseling teaching, science and techniques.

Christian counseling generally does not incorporate the scientific or professional teachings and relies more on a strictly Christ-centered approach to healing.

YES

Pastoral CareTo give watchful attention to or to be concerned about the feeding, well being, and growth of the flock.

Pastoral Care & Pastoral Counseling

Pastoral Counseling one-to-one

relationships or in groups …that assist them in working through pressing problems…

Pastoral Care• a supportive

ministry to people and those close to them who are experiencing that familiar trials: illness, surgery, death, bereavement, etc.

DefinitionsHulme 1981

Pastoral Counseling Demonstrates

specific empathy Intimate and

personal Build relationship

Differences

Pastoral Care• Demonstrates

general empathy• Intimate but not

personal• Demonstrates

general courtesy

Pastoral Care & Pastoral Counseling

The relationship between pastoral care and pastoral counseling is intertwined, emphasizing the importance of helping people at various levels: providing support, encouragement and direction.

Within the church pastoral care operates as an initiation (immediate or delayed) to pastoral counseling, and likewise, pastoral counseling utilizes qualities of pastoral care in its execution (empathy, genuineness and non-judgememt).

SimilaritiesPastoral Care & Pastoral Counseling

Brief history of pastoral counseling Pastoral counseling came into being when pastors decided to incorporate psychology and psychologists wanted to incorporate religion into counseling sessions. There are hundreds of pastoral counseling agencies throughout the United States and other countries.

An association was created in 1960 by a group of local pastors and community leaders. They are also accredited to train pastoral counselors. One of the most immediate and pressing goals is to diversify the staff and client base.

Additional goals (Pastoral Counseling)

Pastoral counseling is to guide you in the process of self-exploration while providing a safe, accepting spiritual environment

Pastoral counseling will help you see yourself from an outside perspective.

Criticisms Pastoral counseling has incorporated much

from the psychological discipline (Hulme 1981) and is criticized as becoming a psychological or psychotherapeutic discipline of its own (Ibid).

Therefore the traditional religious base and approach to pastoral counseling has lost its uniqueness

Terms associated with CounselingGuidance

PsychotherapyPsychologyHelpingMotivationInterventionCoachingMediation

Is the process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives. …(Gladding p.5)

Focuses on serious problems associated with intra-psychic, internal, personal issues/conflict (p.6)

The science that systematically studies behavior and experiences

Help clients to manage their problems in living more effectively

The ability to stimulate a person to operate or behave in a selected wayOperate as an agent between the client and their personal issue

The systematic process of training and assimilation in order to confront issues

An authoritative entity that determines how a dispute is settled or apportioned

Guidance vs. Counseling Guidance focuses on helping

individuals choose what they value most.

Counseling focuses on helping individuals make changes.

Psychotherapy vs. Counseling

Psychotherapy focuses on causing change

Counseling focuses on assisting the person to change

They have different clients› Psychotherapist – deals with neurosis

(mental dysfunctions)› Counselor – deals with persons with poor

coping and decision making skills.

Motivation vs. Counseling Motivation stimulates a person through

external influence and reward Counseling focuses on empowering the

person to effect life change

Psychology and Spirituality Psychology Focus on the mind Describe human

experiences and behaviors

Applies Logic Understand the

structure of being

Spirituality•Focus on God•Describes the

source of man•Applies Faith•Understand the

meaning (source) of being

Psychology can not deduce the meaning or morality of life while Theology/Spirituality is not equip to explore

the dynamics of personality.

Uniqueness of Pastoral (Christian) Counseling

Unique Assumptions – Sin is the primary cause (fall of man) of man’s deprived state and that restoration/forgiveness of God through salvation and transformation will make man ‘totally whole’.

Unique Goals – To stimulate spiritual growth by encouraging confession of sin, experience divine forgiveness and commit lives to Jesus Christ.

Uniqueness of Pastoral (Christian) Counseling

Unique Methods – The application of prayer and faith in God are cornerstones of pastoral counseling.

Unique Counselor-Characteristics – Demonstrate personal reliance upon the same factors of salvation, transformation and a relationship with God.

Unique Giftedness

Counseling in a Church Environment vs. Counseling in an Agency/Centre

In the Church(Counselor: Pastor)

In an Agency(Counselor: Professional)

The counselor may only be trained within a Biblical context, which will be used in guiding the counseling process.

Most persons who are counseled by this person are members of the church/constituency.

Church counselors generally have personal contact with persons before the initiation of counseling.

Persons gravitate towards the church counselor because of relationship.

The counselor has received formal training in understanding behavior and approaches to counseling.

There is no defined demographic (grouping) that comes for counseling at the agency.

Agency counselors do not have any previous contact with clients before counseling.

People gravitate towards the agency counselor because of reputation.

Counseling in a Church Environment vs. Counseling in an Agency/Centre

In the Church(Counselor: Pastor)

In an Agency(Counselor: Professional)

The church counselor may have the ability to enhance the story of the client from sources outside the counseling relationship.

The church counselor generally has direct contact with persons close to the person coming for counseling.

The church counselor may be engaged in counseling persons close or related to the person.

Church counseling is used to guide a person morally/spiritually.

The agency counselor relies totally upon the story of the client during the counseling relationship.

The agency counselor does not have any contact with persons close to the client; except by consent.

The agency counselor can not cross reference independent counseling relationships; except for couples, family and group counseling.

Agency counseling is used to explore choices.

Motive for Counseling The actions of people are as a result of

basic desires and needs. Basic Needs

› Love› Acceptance/Belonging › Companionship/Support› Identity and Direction (who am I?)

If a needs are not fulfilled people become dysfunctional .

Functioning within a Dysfunction

Low Self-Esteem Poor Judgment Skills Dependency Mistrust/Rejection Isolation Anxiety/Double Mindedness

Feelings within a Dysfunction

Anger Suspicion Resentment Loneliness Frustration Depressed

People come for counseling when the have S.A.L.T.

S.A.L.T. stands for stressed, angry, lonely, and tired/ threatened

The effect of an issue/problem on a person’s life:• View of Self• Choices• Response to situations• View of Others• Expectations• Relationships• Functioning• Health

Who I am!

Who I am!

Public (Superficial) Self

Private (Hidden) Self

Extravert (Open)

More is revealed than hidden

Introvert (Closed)

More is hidden than revealed

Johari window

Johari window four regions

What Counseling is Not!

≠ It is not about giving advice

≠ It is not about the coercion of people into your way of thinking

≠ It is not about working out someone’s problem for them

≠ It is not telling the client what to do

≠ Not criticizing the client

What Counseling Is!

Providing a support

base for people

It focuses on the needs of the client

Provides realistic tools that can be used by the client

Counseling as a Ministry – Gal. 6:1-2 and Hebrews 5:1-4

Caught = the condition (sinfulness) Restore = the mission (heart

transformed) Gently = the attitude/character (do no

harm) Watch = the protection (watch self &

ministry); see also I Tim. 4:16 Carry = daily goal (help bear burdens

in personal relationships with people)

PREACH to them

The PREACH principle for development: − Physical − Resources − Emotional − Action − Conceptual − Historical

Equipped to Counselin the Church?

Adequately Trained

13%

Need Train-ing

87%

Survey conducted among pastors:

Types of Counseling (Therapy)

• Marriage Counseling• Family Counseling• Career Counseling• Financial Counseling• Grief Counseling• Substance Abuse

Counseling• Rehabilitative

(behavioral) Counseling• Mental Health

Counseling

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Adlerian TherapyExistential TherapyPerson-centered

TherapyGestalt TherapyBehavioral TherapyCognitive Behavioral Reality Therapy

•HIV/STI Counseling•Pastoral Counseling

Goals of Counseling• Facilitating Behavior Change• Improve ability to develop healthy relationships• Enhance coping skills• Promote/ Improve decision making skills• Facilitating overall development of the client• Clients to develop a Christian/moral base (salvation and transformation)

The Counselor’s Motivation for Counseling

Positive Motives• Is adjusted (have an

identity)– copes with personal issues

• Respect and appreciate self• Objective (Open to Change)

– ability to be open minded• Makes life oriented chooses• Can admit to mistakes • Appreciate the influence of

culture• Sincere interest in other• Effective interpersonal skills

Negative Motives• Emotional distress/displacement

– unresolved issues, and using someone else's problems to over shadow own.

• Vicarious Coping – Live their lives through others

• Filling Void of Loneliness – a since of feeling important to others

• Desire Power – Ability to control others

• Need to Rescue – The counselor places self as the rescuer (personal healing)

Glossary Empathy Ethics Expectations Feelings Grief Guidance Intervention Mood Needs Problems Psychology Stress Sympathy Therapy Trauma

• Affect• Anxiety• Behavior• Client• Cognition• Confidentiality• Coping Skills• Counseling• Crisis• Denial• Depression• Diagnosis• Disorder• Dysfunction