session 16 - green materials – properties & applications

8/2/2019 Session 16 - Green Materials properties & Applications

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Session 16

Green Materials Properties and

Divya Darshan C. S.

nMSRSAS ss stant ro essor

MSRSAS-Bangalore

1M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - BangaloreDivyaDarsh


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SESSION OBJECTIVE:

The dele ate should be able to understand

What are Green Plastics

The t es of materials available to the desi ners

Advantages of green materials

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Biodegradable Plastics are plastics which are made from, ,

rich products

These are required to reduce depletion of non renewable

sources like petroleum They can be used as conventional plastics

On disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide

by the action of microorganisms commonly existing innatural environment.

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They can, thus, be returned to nature, thereby preservingnatures ecological balance



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y green p ast cs

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Plastic polymers account for about 20 percent (by volume)

.

Many cities have run out of space to dispose of their trash

.

It is only a matter of time until we run completely out of

.

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y green p ast cs

We are also depleting our finite natural resources in the

.

It is estimated that known global resources of oil will run

,

years

The economic im act of the de letion could hit much

sooner; since prices will soar as resources are depleted

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y green p ast cs

Our tampering with nature to meet our immediate needs is

It is clear that researchers need to work toward replacing

and raw materials for our many petroleum-based products

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Green Plastics ultimately decompose to water and carbon dioxide

by the action of microorganisms in nature environment. When put in composting facilities, they decompose quickly and

do not adversely affect the quality of the compost produced.

When incinerated in furnaces, they do not damage the furnacesbecause of the low heat of combustion.

They are expected to be used as plastic materials in natural

environment and/or in areas where recycling is difficult.

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ecompos t on t me o mater a s

anana pee to ays

Cotton rags 1 to 5 months

Paper -- 2 to 5 months Orange peel 6 months

Tetrapacks -- 5 years

Plastic bags 10 to 20 years

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ecompos t on t me o mater a s

Leather shoes 25 to 40 years

n cans -- to years

Aluminum cans -- 80 to 100 years

Glass bottle -- 1 million years Plastic bottles -- forever

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st o reen ater a s

= o y y roxy utyrate

PLA=Poly(Lactic Acid)

=

PBS=Poly(Butylene Succinate)

PBSA=Poly(Butylene Succinate/Adipate)

PEC=PolyEster Carbonate or Poly(Butylene

Succinate/Carbonate)

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= o y t y ene ucc nate

PBAT=Poly(Butylene Adipate/Terephthalate)

=

PVA=Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)

Starch=Starch-based GreenPla

CA=Cellulose Acetate

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o y act c ac

Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived

It is made from 100% renewable resources like corn, sugar

-,

Polylactic acid exhibits many properties that are equivalent

to or better than man etroleum-based lastics

PLA is resistant to moisture and grease.

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popular plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used for

soft drinks and many other food products


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o y act c ac

PLA is a nonvolatile, odorless polymer and is fit for food

Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PLA is also

Polylactic acid can be made with different mechanical

ro erties suitable for s ecific manufacturin rocesses

such as injection molding, sheet extrusion, blow molding,

thermoforming, film forming and fiber spinning using

nMSRSAS most conventional techniques and equipment


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A lications

Fields where Green Plastics can be used in natural environment :-

mulching films, pots for transplanting, fishing lines and nets

civil en ineerin and construction materials:

heat insulators and form wares, retaining walls or bagsprotective sheets and nets for tree planting in deserts

leisure goods:

golf tees, disposable goods used in fishing, marine sports and

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17M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - BangaloreDivyaDars

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composting of organic waste is effective

food packaging:

tra s for erishables acka es for instant and fast foods

hygienic product:

diapers, sanitary napkins

miscellaneous:pen cases, disposal razors, tooth brushes, cups, trashbags and

cushions

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Field with specific features- slow release:

, ,

water retention:

material for tree lantin in deserts

medical use:

suture threads, bone fixation, films, non-woven fabrics

low oxygen permeability:food packaging and inner coating of cartons for liquids

low melting temperature:

adhesives for packaging and book-binding and bags

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Biode radation of Bottle in Leaves Com ost

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Degra at on mechan sms

The classes of biodegradable plastics considered, in terms of

,

a) Biodegradable

ompos a e

c) Hydro-biodegradable

o o- o egra a e

e) Bioerodable

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o egra a e

Capable of undergoing decomposition into carbon dioxide,

methane, water, inorganic Compounds, or biomass in

w c t e pre om nant mec an sm s t e enzymat c act on

of Microorganisms, that can be measured by standardized

, ,

disposal condition.

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x: o ysacc ar es


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Compostable biodegradable plastics must be demonstrated to

biodegrade and disintegrate during the composting process

yp ca y aroun wee s a empera ures over us

Compostable means:

system, such that the plastic is not visually distinguishable and

breaks down to carbon dioxide water inor anic com ounds and

biomass, at a rate consistent with known Compostable

materials.

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EX: Cellulose, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)


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ompost ng

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ompost ng

When you compost, you convert vegetable scraps, leaves,

,

soil-building material.

or other plants.

Com ostin reduces the amount of materials that o into

landfills, which cuts down on the waste stream

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y ro o egra a e

ese are t e mater a s t at egra e t emse ves y

dissolving in water. They are usually called water-soluble

. .

Ex- polyvinyl alcohol

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o o o egra a e

Photo degradation can be accomplished by using polymers

that undergo photo degradation.

Ex: co ol mers of Divin lketone with st rene, eth lene or

polypropylene. The addition of a UV absorbing material will also enhance

photo degradation of polymers. The manufacturers of these

plastics include DUPONT, ECO ATLANTIC.

nMSRSAS EX: Addition of iron dithiocarbonate


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oero a e

Many polymers that are claimed to be biodegradable are

in fact Bioerodable and degrade without the action of

m croorgan sms at east n t a y. s s a so nown as

abioticdisintegration, and may include processes such as

,

ageing) or photolytic embrittlement (UV ageing).

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ummary

reen mater a s are t e o- egra a e mater a s.

They do not pollute the environment

Some of them can be used as compost on usage.

It is needed to make use of these materials to see greener

env ronmen .

nMSRSAS


session 16 - green materials – properties & applications

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