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Session 16
Green Materials Properties and
Divya Darshan C. S.
nMSRSAS ss stant ro essor
MSRSAS-Bangalore
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SESSION OBJECTIVE:
The dele ate should be able to understand
What are Green Plastics
The t es of materials available to the desi ners
Advantages of green materials
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a are reen as cs
Biodegradable Plastics are plastics which are made from, ,
rich products
These are required to reduce depletion of non renewable
sources like petroleum They can be used as conventional plastics
On disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide
by the action of microorganisms commonly existing innatural environment.
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They can, thus, be returned to nature, thereby preservingnatures ecological balance
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Plastic polymers account for about 20 percent (by volume)
.
Many cities have run out of space to dispose of their trash
.
It is only a matter of time until we run completely out of
.
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We are also depleting our finite natural resources in the
.
It is estimated that known global resources of oil will run
,
years
The economic im act of the de letion could hit much
sooner; since prices will soar as resources are depleted
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Our tampering with nature to meet our immediate needs is
It is clear that researchers need to work toward replacing
and raw materials for our many petroleum-based products
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Green Plastics ultimately decompose to water and carbon dioxide
by the action of microorganisms in nature environment. When put in composting facilities, they decompose quickly and
do not adversely affect the quality of the compost produced.
When incinerated in furnaces, they do not damage the furnacesbecause of the low heat of combustion.
They are expected to be used as plastic materials in natural
environment and/or in areas where recycling is difficult.
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ecompos t on t me o mater a s
anana pee to ays
Cotton rags 1 to 5 months
Paper -- 2 to 5 months Orange peel 6 months
Tetrapacks -- 5 years
Plastic bags 10 to 20 years
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ecompos t on t me o mater a s
Leather shoes 25 to 40 years
n cans -- to years
Aluminum cans -- 80 to 100 years
Glass bottle -- 1 million years Plastic bottles -- forever
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st o reen ater a s
= o y y roxy utyrate
PLA=Poly(Lactic Acid)
=
PBS=Poly(Butylene Succinate)
PBSA=Poly(Butylene Succinate/Adipate)
PEC=PolyEster Carbonate or Poly(Butylene
Succinate/Carbonate)
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st o reen ater a s
= o y t y ene ucc nate
PBAT=Poly(Butylene Adipate/Terephthalate)
=
PVA=Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Starch=Starch-based GreenPla
CA=Cellulose Acetate
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o y act c ac
Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived
It is made from 100% renewable resources like corn, sugar
-,
Polylactic acid exhibits many properties that are equivalent
to or better than man etroleum-based lastics
PLA is resistant to moisture and grease.
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popular plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used for
soft drinks and many other food products
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o y act c ac
PLA is a nonvolatile, odorless polymer and is fit for food
Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PLA is also
Polylactic acid can be made with different mechanical
ro erties suitable for s ecific manufacturin rocesses
such as injection molding, sheet extrusion, blow molding,
thermoforming, film forming and fiber spinning using
nMSRSAS most conventional techniques and equipment
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A lications
Fields where Green Plastics can be used in natural environment :-
mulching films, pots for transplanting, fishing lines and nets
civil en ineerin and construction materials:
heat insulators and form wares, retaining walls or bagsprotective sheets and nets for tree planting in deserts
leisure goods:
golf tees, disposable goods used in fishing, marine sports and
nMSRSAS moun a n c m ng
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composting of organic waste is effective
food packaging:
tra s for erishables acka es for instant and fast foods
hygienic product:
diapers, sanitary napkins
miscellaneous:pen cases, disposal razors, tooth brushes, cups, trashbags and
cushions
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Field with specific features- slow release:
, ,
water retention:
material for tree lantin in deserts
medical use:
suture threads, bone fixation, films, non-woven fabrics
low oxygen permeability:food packaging and inner coating of cartons for liquids
low melting temperature:
adhesives for packaging and book-binding and bags
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22M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - BangaloreDivyaDars
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Biode radation of Bottle in Leaves Com ost
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Degra at on mechan sms
The classes of biodegradable plastics considered, in terms of
,
a) Biodegradable
ompos a e
c) Hydro-biodegradable
o o- o egra a e
e) Bioerodable
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o egra a e
Capable of undergoing decomposition into carbon dioxide,
methane, water, inorganic Compounds, or biomass in
w c t e pre om nant mec an sm s t e enzymat c act on
of Microorganisms, that can be measured by standardized
, ,
disposal condition.
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x: o ysacc ar es
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Compostable biodegradable plastics must be demonstrated to
biodegrade and disintegrate during the composting process
yp ca y aroun wee s a empera ures over us
Compostable means:
system, such that the plastic is not visually distinguishable and
breaks down to carbon dioxide water inor anic com ounds and
biomass, at a rate consistent with known Compostable
materials.
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EX: Cellulose, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
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PDN507
ompost ng
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ompost ng
When you compost, you convert vegetable scraps, leaves,
,
soil-building material.
or other plants.
Com ostin reduces the amount of materials that o into
landfills, which cuts down on the waste stream
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y ro o egra a e
ese are t e mater a s t at egra e t emse ves y
dissolving in water. They are usually called water-soluble
. .
Ex- polyvinyl alcohol
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o o o egra a e
Photo degradation can be accomplished by using polymers
that undergo photo degradation.
Ex: co ol mers of Divin lketone with st rene, eth lene or
polypropylene. The addition of a UV absorbing material will also enhance
photo degradation of polymers. The manufacturers of these
plastics include DUPONT, ECO ATLANTIC.
nMSRSAS EX: Addition of iron dithiocarbonate
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oero a e
Many polymers that are claimed to be biodegradable are
in fact Bioerodable and degrade without the action of
m croorgan sms at east n t a y. s s a so nown as
abioticdisintegration, and may include processes such as
,
ageing) or photolytic embrittlement (UV ageing).
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ummary
reen mater a s are t e o- egra a e mater a s.
They do not pollute the environment
Some of them can be used as compost on usage.
It is needed to make use of these materials to see greener
env ronmen .
nMSRSAS
35M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - BangaloreDivyaDarsh