Separatists

Separatists

vs. vs.

PuritansPuritans

Separatist Beliefs:Separatist Beliefs:

Extreme Puritans who believed only Extreme Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could “visible saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.admitted to church membership.

Because the Church of England enrolled Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjectsall the king’s subjects, Separatists , Separatists felt they had to share churches with the felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”“damned.”

Therefore, they believed in a total Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.break from the Church of England.

Why was this a problem in England??Why was this a problem in England??

SeparatistsSeparatists

1620 1620 a group of a group of 102 102 people [half people [half Separatists] Separatists]

Negotiated with theNegotiated with theVirginia Company to Virginia Company to settle in its settle in its jurisdiction—after jurisdiction—after

spending a spending a short amountshort amount of time of time in Holland.in Holland.

Non-Separatists Non-Separatists included Captain included Captain Myles Myles Standish, and other Standish, and other “strangers.”“strangers.”

They sailed a bit off They sailed a bit off course!course!

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

• Plymouth was way Plymouth was way outside the domain outside the domain of the Virginia of the Virginia Company.Company.

• Became squatters Became squatters without legal right to without legal right to land & specific land & specific authority to authority to establish a govt.establish a govt.

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.

Not exactly a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.

Signed by 41 adult males.

Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

Plymouth PlantationPlymouth Plantation

That First Year….That First Year….Winter of 1620-1621

Only 44 out of the original 102 survived.

None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back.

Fall of 1621 First “Thanksgiving.”

Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber.

Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant.

1691 only 7,000 people

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Self-taught scholar.

Chosen governor of Plymouth 30 times in yearly elections.

Ultimately worried about settlements of non-Puritans springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society.

The MA Bay ColonyThe MA Bay Colony1629 non-Separatists in England got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co.

Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England.

They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities”—hoped to purify the church.

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

..we shall be as a ..we shall be as a City on a hill. The eyes City on a hill. The eyes of all people are upon of all people are upon

us.us.

Well-off attorney and manor lord in England.

Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there.

Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

A Model of Christian Charity.

1630 1,000 people had set off in 11 well-stocked ships

Established a colony with Boston as its hub

“Great Migration” of the 1630s

Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 to America.

About 20,000 came to MA . . . not all Puritans.

The MA Bay Colony/Great Migration

The MA Bay Colony/Great Migration

Covenant TheologyCovenant Theology

“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities

and God

“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan

communities with each other.

Required mutual watchfulness.

No toleration of deviance or disorder.

No privacy.

Colonizing New EnglandColonizing New England

Puritan Society: Patriarchy

Puritan Society: Patriarchy

Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household.

Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

Young, popular minister in Young, popular minister in Salem.Salem.

Argued for a full break Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church.with the Anglican Church.

Condemned MA Bay Condemned MA Bay Charter.Charter.

• Did not give fair Did not give fair compensation to Indians.compensation to Indians.

Denied authority of civil Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious govt. to regulate religious behavior.behavior.

1635 1635 found guilty of preaching found guilty of preaching newe & newe & dangerous opinionsdangerous opinions and was exiled. and was exiled.

Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams

1636 1636 Roger Williams fled there. Roger Williams fled there.

MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.competing colony.

Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI

• Universal manhood suffrage Universal manhood suffrage later later restricted by a property qualification.restricted by a property qualification.

• Opposed to special privilege of any kind Opposed to special privilege of any kind freedom of opportunity for all.freedom of opportunity for all.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters religious dissenters More liberal than More liberal than any other colony!any other colony!

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Intelligent, strong-willed,Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.well-spoken woman.

Threatened patriarchal Threatened patriarchal control and considered a control and considered a hereticheretic

AntinomianismAntinomianism

Carried to logical extremes Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of Puritan doctrine of predestination.predestination.

Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.

The truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of The truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man—saved by faith alone.either God or man—saved by faith alone.

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

Anne Anne HutchinsonHutchinson

1638 1638 she confounded the Puritan she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.leaders for days.

Eventually bragged that she had Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.

Direct revelation was even more serious Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY??WHY??

Puritan leaders banished her Puritan leaders banished her she & she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY.her family traveled to RI and later to NY.

She and all but one member of her family She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.Westchester County.

John Winthrop saw God’s hand in thisJohn Winthrop saw God’s hand in this

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

New England Spreads Out

New England Spreads Out

• Thomas Hooker founded Hartford, CT

• CT Puritans adopted Fundamental Orders– Established a church– Elected governor and

assembly– Voting rights for

property owning men, not just church members

New England Colonies, 1650

New England Colonies, 1650

Puritans saw themselves as God’s people Puritans saw themselves as God’s people and felt justified taking Indian lands.and felt justified taking Indian lands.

Indians viewed as savages who did not Indians viewed as savages who did not deserve civilized treatment.deserve civilized treatment.

Indians especially weak in New England Indians especially weak in New England epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native population.population.

Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers.the settlers.

1621 1621 Chief Massasoit signed Chief Massasoit signedtreaty with the settlers.treaty with the settlers.

Autumn, 1621 Autumn, 1621 both groups both groups celebrated the First Thanksgiving.celebrated the First Thanksgiving.

Puritans vs. Native Americans

Puritans vs. Native Americans

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

Pequots Pequots very verypowerful tribepowerful tribein CT river valley.in CT river valley.

1636 1636 Pequot PequotWarWar

Whites, withWhites, withNarragansettNarragansettIndian allies,Indian allies,attacked Pequotattacked Pequotvillage on Mystic village on Mystic River.River.

Whites set fire Whites set fire to homes & shot to homes & shot fleeingfleeing survivors! survivors!

Pequot tribe virtually annihilatedPequot tribe virtually annihilated an uneasy an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.peace lasted for 40 years.

Only hope for Native Only hope for Native Americans to resist Americans to resist white settlers was to white settlers was to UNITE.UNITE.

MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]white settlers]

Massasoit’s son united Massasoit’s son united Indians (Narragansetts & Indians (Narragansetts & Nipmucks) and staged Nipmucks) and staged coordinated attacks on coordinated attacks on white settlements white settlements throughout New England.throughout New England.

Frontier settlements forced Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.to retreat to Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676)King Philip’s War (1675-1676)

AKA: Metacom’s RebellionAKA: Metacom’s Rebellion

The war ended in failure for the IndiansThe war ended in failure for the Indians

Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England againagain

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

Population of the New England Colonies

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake

Population Comparisons:New England v. the

Chesapeake