MADE BY : MOHIT GUPTA

CLASS : IX GROLL NO : 30

WAY OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES.

MIXTURESMixtures are constituted by more than one kind of pure form of matter, known as a substance .We can also say that a mixture contains more than one substance.

Mixture Of Dry Fruits Soi

l

Air is mixture of various gases.

There are two types of mixtures

HOMOGENEOUS

HETEROGENEOUSIn which

constituents present are

uniformly mixed and have no

arise of separation.

In which constituents

present may not uniformly mix and have clear bound

arise of separation.

We have learnt that most of the natural substances are not chemically pure.Different methods of separation are used to get individual components from a mixture. Separation makes it possible to study and use the individual components of a mixture.

SEPERATION OF MIXTURES

METHODS OF SEPERATING MIXTURES

• EVAPORATION• CENTRIFUCATION• DISTILLATION• SEPERATING FUNNEL• SUBLIMATION• CHROMATOGRAPHY• FRACTIONAL

DISTILLATION• COMPONENTS OF AIR

EVAPORATION

It can be used to separate solute from solvent.

We find that ink is a mixture of a dye in water . Thus, we can separate the volatile component (solvent) from its non-volatile solute by the method of evaporation.

CENTRIFUCATIONIt can be used to separate :• CREAM FROM MILK• SQUEZZE OUT WATER FROM WET

CLOTHES• BLOOD AND URINE TESTS

The centrifuge works on the principle of increasing effective gravity (g's) to enhance the rate of settling of suspended particles more dense than the buffer. Effective gravity increases as you increase the radius of your centrifuge arms, or with the square of the rate of rotation.

SEPARATING FUNNELIt is used to separate a mixture of

two immiscible liquids.

It works on principle that immiscible liquids separate out the layers depending on densities till denser liquid will always form denser layer and lighter liquid will form upper layers.

DISTILLATION

It is used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids.

Distillation is a method of separating the constituents of mixture (either a liquid or q gaseous one). It is a physical process and not a chemical reaction using the different boiling temperatures of the constituents to separate them from the others.

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONIt's what produces gasoline for cars

and spirits for cocktails.

It is based on the principle that every liquid has different boiling point, none of the mixture of two or more miscible liquid have same boiling point on the universe. So a mixture of two miscible liquid will have different boiling point and on the basis of this it is separated by the fractional distillation.

SUBLIMATIONIt is used to separate mixture of salt

and ammonium chloride.

It is technique which is used to separate those solids from mixtures which directly pass to vapour state upon heating and vapors on cooling give back solid again.

CHROMATOGRAPHYIt can be used to

separate:• Colours in a dye• Pigments from natural

colours• Dugs from blood

It is the technique used for separation of those solutes that dissolve in the same solvent.

SEPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL GASES FROM MIXTURE OF GASES

Air is a

homogenous

mixture and

can be

separated

into its

components

by fractio

nal

distillatio

n.

AIR

Compress and cool by increasing pressure and decreasing temperature.

LIQUID AIR

Allow to warm up slowly in fractional distillation column.

Gases get separated at different heights.

OXYGEN ARGON NITROGEN

BOILING POINT(`C) -183 -186 -196

% AIR BY VOLUME 20.9 0.9 78.1

Flow diagram shows the process of obtaining gases from air.

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