sensory memory and working memory. sensory memory brief iconic/echoic high capacity pre-attentive is...
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![Page 1: Sensory Memory and Working Memory. Sensory Memory Brief Iconic/echoic High capacity Pre-attentive Is there a Neural Correlate of Sensory Memory?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649d7d5503460f94a5ff68/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sensory Memory and Working Memory
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Sensory Memory
• Brief• Iconic/echoic• High capacity• Pre-attentive• Is there a Neural Correlate of Sensory
Memory?
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Is there a Neural Correlate of Sensory Memory?
• Stimuli that deviate from a regular sequence cause a change in the ERP/MEG called the mismatch negativity/mismatch field
• MMN/MMF only occurs when stimuli are close together in time
• Thought to reflect an automatic response to detection of difference between current and previous stimuli
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Short-Term Memory
• Duration of seconds• Limited capacity• Not pre-attentive
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Neuropsychology of STM
Removal of tumor in L. Angular Gyrus
• Patient E.E.• Reduced digit-span• Normal speech,
comprehension• Normal long-term memory• Why is this finding puzzling?
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Working Memory
• STM has been replaced by Working Memory model
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Working Memory
• STM has been replaced by Working Memory model
• “Transient representations of task relevant information”
• Limited capacity store AND mechanism for working with that information
• Are there brain structures associated with these functions?
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Working Memory
• Left Supramarginal Gyrus and left premotor lesions associated with difficulty holding strings of words in mind
• Right parieto-occipital damage associated with visuospatial memory deficits
• Thus these are doubly dissociated
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• An important aspect of working memory is maintaining a representation of previous information while it remains relevant to a current goal
• This information may come via sensory systems, or it may be reactivated from a long-term store
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Animal lesion studies reveal that the Lateral Prefrontal cortex is critical for maintaining these “working” representations
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Goldman-Rakic et al. • Spatial working memory is dissociable from
long-term associative memory
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Working Memory Task– Well is baited with food– Target well changes from
trial to trial– Monkey’s view is blocked
for a delay interval– Monkey must indicate the
baited well to get rewarded
– Requires maintained representation of current target location
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Associative Memory Task– Each well is indicated by a
picture– Target is always associated
with the same picture(s)– Monkey’s view is blocked
for a delay interval– Monkey must indicate the
baited well to get reward– Requires recall of cue from
LTM
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Goldman-Rakic et al. • Spatial working memory is dissociated from
long-term memory• Lesions cause deficit in working memory task
but not association task
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Goldman-Rakic et al. • Spatial working memory is dissociable from
recognition memory
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Working Memory and Frontal Cortex
• Working Memory Task– 1 of 3 objects is indicated
to the monkey– View is blocked for a delay– 2 of the 3 objects are
presented– Monkey must select the
non-match object– Requires working memory
because no other cues differentiate the two objects
• Recognition Memory Task– Same as Working memory
task except…– After delay, indicated
object is paired with a novel object
– Monkey must select novel object
– Requires recognition memory to differentiate unfamiliar from familiar objects
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Working Memory and Human Frontal Cortex?
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Working Memory and Human Frontal Cortex
BOLD signal in lateral prefrontal cortex (area 46) is greater for memory task than for colorDiscrimination task