sensitivity of the western mediterranean sea to holocene climate variability
DESCRIPTION
1/16. Sensitivity of the Western Mediterranean Sea to Holocene climate variability. CLIVAR seminar : Clima en España, Pasado, Presente y futuro (Madrid, 11-13 febrero 2009). Isabel Cacho 1 , Gemma Herrera 1 , Jaume Frigola 1 , Miquel Canals 1 & Ana Moreno 2 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sensitivity of the Western Mediterranean Sea to Holocene
climate variability
Isabel Cacho1, Gemma Herrera1, Jaume Frigola1, Miquel Canals1 & Ana Moreno2
1 GRC Geociències Marines,Universitat de Barcelona2 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología – CSIC - Zaragoza
CLI
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, 11-
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1/16
OutlineC
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2009
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1. Sensitivity of the W Mediterranean surface and deep waters to past rapid climate variability
2. Climate instability/stability along the Holocene
3. Response of the W Mediterranean to Holocene millennial-centennial climate variability
4. Summary and future lines
2/16
Past climate variability in Greenland
GISP2
Dansgaard-Oeschger
Cycles
Holocene
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3/16
Warm
Cold
Age (ka BP)
Dansgaard et al. (1993)
Greenland-Mediterranean connectionsC
LIVA
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Age (cal. kyr B.P.)
D-O variability in Mediterranean SST
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5YD
0
2
4
6
8
10
(%)
Cacho et al. 1999 (Paleoceanography)
GISP2Greenland
GISP2 Dome (Greenland)
Emiliania huxleyi
MD95-2043Alboran Sea
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Age (cal. kyr B.P.)
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
AlkenoneSST (°C)
-44
-42
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
ice18O (‰)
N. pachyderma (s)
N. pachyderma (s)
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5/16
D-O variability in WMDW?
39.0
>39.0
>39.039.0
17.018.2
15
20
38.75
38.65
38.65
>20.0
20o 25o 30o 35o E
CR
ET
A S
ILL
RH
OD
OS
SIL
L
LIW
EMDW
>38.0
37.5
38.0
38.5
38.0
38.0
38.5
38.75
38.65SIC
ILIA
SIL
L
10o 15o
37.0
MA
LT
A S
ILL LIW
EMDW
37.5
>38.0
36.0
35.5
35.535.0 35.0
36.0
35.5
36.0
38.4
38.4
38.5?
36.5
38.4
10o W 5o 0o 5o E
GIB
RA
LT
AR
SIL
L
AL
BO
RA
N S
ILL
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Depth(m) 37.0
MAW
LIW
WMDW
MOW
35°
45°
40°
MarAdriático
MarEgeo
MarNegro
MarJónicoMar de Alborán
Golfo deCádiz
MarTirrreno
Estrechode Sicilia
Estrecho deGibraltar
-10 ° -5 ° -0 ° 5 ° 10 ° 15 ° 20 ° 25 ° 35 °30 °
CuencaLevatina
Golfo deLeón
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6/16
D-O variability in WMDW
H2H1 H3 H5H4YD
-44-42-40-38-36-34-32
GISP218O (‰)
4.8
4.4
4
3.6
3.2
2.8
18O (‰)
2
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
13C (‰)
-4
0
4
8
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Age cal. Kyr B.P.
Po
lar
Circ
ula
tion
In
de
xG
ISP
2
Cacho et al., 2001 (Earth Planet. Sc. L.); Cacho et al., 2006 (QSR)
Colder/saltierWMDW
More oxygenatedWMDW
More intense atmospheric circulation
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7/16
Modes ofWMDW
variability
Interstadial Mode:Pour ventilated WMDW
Stadial Mode:Well ventilated WMDW
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Colder/saltierWMDW
More oxygenatedWMDW
MD95-2043 (dark) and MD99-2343 (light)
H2H1 H3 H5H4YD
10 20 30 40 50
21.6
1.2
0.8
0.44.84.44
3.63.22.8
13C
(‰
)18
O (
‰)
Cacho et al., 2001 (EPSL) and 2006 (QSR)Sierro et al., 2005 (Paleoc.)
8/16
Holocene Atmospheric VariabilityC
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2009
)
Mayewski et al. 2004 (Quat. Res.)
9/16
Holocene variability in North Atlantic Ocean
• Holocene ice rafted events: fresh volcanic glass and hematite-stained grains
Bond et al., (1997)
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10/16
Viking expansion during the MWPC
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C37
Alk
enon
es(n
g/g)
Alk
enon
eSS
T (º
C)
18O(‰)
Age (cal. Ky BP)
GISP2 - Greenland
MD 95-2043 - Alboran
8.2 event
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
10
12
14
16
18
20
-42
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Cacho et al., 2002 (JMS)Rogerson et al 2008 (G3)
Last ORL
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Holocene Variability in the Mediterranean (I)12/16
GISP2
UP1
0 (%
)
Si/A
l
18O (‰)G. bulloides
SST
(ºC
)
18O
(‰)
ice 18O (‰)
ice
Age (ka BP)
Alboran Sea
Menorca Rise
Alboran SST
Frigola et al., 2007 (Paleoceanography) & 2008 (Quarter. Inter.)
0 4 8 12
3
2
1
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
-42
-40
-38
-36
-34
-32
-35.2
-34.8
-34.4
-34
14
16
18
20
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Fastest Deep water current
Stronger WMDW overturning
Holocene Variability in the Mediterranean (II)13/16
Age (ka BP)
Menorca SST
0 4 8 12
20
30
40
50
60
70
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
16
18
20
22
??
UP1
0 (%
)
Si/A
lSS
T (º
C)
Frigola et al., 2007 (Paleoceanography); Herrera unpublished
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Holocene Variability in the Mediterranean (III)
Fastest Deep water current
Stronger WMDW overturning
14/16
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Potential causes of Holocene Variability in the Mediterranean
Could a persistent/intense +NAO state cause Holocene events of enhance WMDW overturning?
15/16
1. Mediterranean Sea has been very sensitive to past rapid climate variability, inducing changes in both surface and deep water masses
2. Western Mediterranean Deep Water cell was very sensitive to Holocene climate variability:
- Recurrent events of faster deep water currents- Parallel cooling of surface layer (1.5-3ºC)
Summary
Future Lines1. Precise characterization of the Holocene variability: reproducing present records at different sites and with different proxies and with improved timing constrain.
2. Reconstruct water properties at deep and also intermediate water layer.
Acknowledgments
• Consolider GRACCIE: Multidisciplinary Research Consortium on GRadual and Abrupt Climate Changes, and their Impacts on the Environment
• The Comer Science & Education Foundation (USA)
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extra
Announcement
Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study