pThe contents of her last note

Welcome to iVisit :-).to her mother; for Willoughby neither came nor wrote. Lynne_Hand: insensible Lynne_Hand: involuntarily

involuntary       adjectivenot done by choice; done unwillingly, or without the decision or intention of the person in-volved:A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg.

involuntarily       adverbArthur shivered involuntarily as he came out of the building.

insensible   adjective FORMAL1 unconscious:We found her lying on the floor, drunk and insensible.

2 be insensible of/to sth to not care about something or be unwilling to react to it:I think he's largely insensible to other people's distress.

sensible   adjective FORMAL having an awareness or understanding of a situation:He did not appear to be sensible of the difficulties that lay ahead.

insensible adj. (formal) 1 [not before noun] ~ (to sth) unable to feel sth or react to it: insensible to pain / cold2 [not before noun] ~ (of sth) not aware of a situation or of sth that might happen unaware: They were not insensible of the risks. sensible3 unconscious as the result of injury, illness, etc.: He drank himself insensible.

insensibility       noun [C or U] FORMAL

permit       noun [C] an official document that allows you to do something or go somewhere:a work/travel/parking permitShe has managed to obtain a temporary residence permit.[+ to infinitive] Do you need a permit to work here?

Lynne_Hand: crimsoned Lynne_Hand: pause Lynne_Hand: fortunate

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Lynne_Hand: exertion vs excursion Lynne_Hand: bow Lynne_Hand: paws - porse - pause Lynne_Hand: Marianne, now looking dreadfully white, Lynne_Hand: chair vs share Lynne_Hand: lavender water Lynne_Hand: explanations Lynne_Hand: to explain but explanation Lynne_Hand: incessantly Lynne_Hand: urged Lynne_Hand: permit Lynne_Hand: ran vs run Lynne_Hand: joke vs choke Lynne_Hand: Bless you. Lynne_Hand: spreading Lynne_Hand: opening Lynne_Hand: drew Lynne_Hand: latter vs letter Lynne_Hand: read vs read Lynne_Hand: Devonshire vs Denver Lynne_Hand: and it will not be many weeks, Lynne_Hand: obligingly Lynne_Hand: inconstancy Lynne_Hand: impudently Lynne_Hand: period

period (TIME)       noun [C]1 a length of time:Her work means that she spends long periods away from home.Unemployment in the first half of 1993 was 2% lower than in the same period the year before.Fifteen people were killed in/over a period of four days.The study will be carried out over a six-month period.

2 in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is taught:We have six periods of science a week.

3 a fixed time during the life of a person or in history:Most teenagers go through a rebellious period.The house was built during the Elizabethan period.

Lynne_Hand: Yes--no--never absolutely.

instigate   verb [T] FORMAL to cause an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin:The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism.The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general.

instigation   noun [U] FORMALThe inquiry was begun at the instigation of a local MP.

instigator     noun [C]

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belie   verb [T] belying, belied, belied to show something to be false, or to hide something such as an emotion:Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

be·lie (b-l)tr.v. be·lied, be·ly·ing, be·lies 1. To picture falsely; misrepresent: "He spoke roughly in order to belie his air of gentility" James Joyce.2. To show to be false: Their laughter belied their outward grief.3. To be counter to; contradict: At first glance, life at the boarding school seemed to belie all the bad things I had heard about it.

contend with sth phrasal verbto have to deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation:At the age of nine, he had the death of both parents to contend with.We don't need a computer failure to contend with as well as all our other problems.

contend v. contended, contending, contends v.intr.1. To strive in opposition or against difficulties; struggle: armies contending for control of strategic territory; had to contend with long lines at the airport.2. To compete, as in a race; vie.3. To strive in controversy or debate; dispute. See Synonyms at discuss.v.tr.To maintain or assert: The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.

malignant   adjective1 describes a disease or a diseased growth that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and lead to death:The process by which malignant cancer cells multiply isn't fully understood.Is the tumour malignant or benign?Compare benign.

2 FORMAL evil: having a strong desire to do harm:He developed a malignant hatred for the land of his birth.

malignantly   adverb

malignancy   noun [C or U] SPECIALIZEDThe malignancy of these tumours makes them difficult to treat.Tests revealed a malignancy that had to be removed.

laudable       adjective FORMAL(of actions and behaviour) deserving praise, even if there is little or no success:

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a laudable aim/ambitionThe recycling programme is laudable, but does it save much money?

laudably       adverb

laudatory       adjective FORMALexpressing praise

malevolent   adjective LITERARYcausing or wanting to cause harm or evil:The central character is a malevolent witch out for revenge.I could feel his malevolent gaze as I walked away.

malevolently   adverb

malevolence noun [U]It was an act of great malevolence.

shudder       verb [I] 1 to shake suddenly with very small movements because of a very unpleasant thought or feeling:The sight of so much blood made him shudder.She shuddered at the thought of kissing him.

2 When something shudders, it shakes violently and quickly:I heard a massive explosion and the ground shuddered beneath me.There was a screech of brakes and the bus shuddered to a halt (= shook violently and stopped).

shudder      noun [C]when someone or something shudders:He gave a slight shudder as he considered how near he had come to death.She recalled with a shudder how her boss had once tried to kiss her.FIGURATIVE Britain's second biggest supermarket chain has sent a shudder through (= has had a strong effect on) its rivals by slashing its prices.

lean (sth) against/on sth phrasal verbto sit or stand with part of your body touching something as a support:He leaned against the wall.She leaned her head on his shoulder.

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foot (BOTTOM)   noun [S]the bottom or lower end of a space or object:They built a house at the foot of a cliff.She dreamed she saw someone standing at the foot of her bed.There's a note to that effect at the foot of the page.

clear (NOT GUILTY)       adjectivefree from guilt:to have a clear conscience

clear       verb [T] to prove that someone is not guilty of something that they were accused of:After many years in prison, the men were finally cleared of the bombings.

bestow       verb [T often passive] FORMAL to give something as an honour or present:The Chancellorship of the University was bestowed upon her in 1992.The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed on British civilians for acts of great bravery.

bestowal       noun [U] FORMALHer father's blessing represented a bestowal of consent upon her forthcoming marriage.

posture (POSITION OF BODY)     noun [C or U]the way in which someone usually holds their shoulders, neck and back, or a particular position in which someone stands, sits, etc:She's got very good/bad posture.He always adopts/assumes (= moves into) the same posture for the cameras.

lavender (PLANT)       noun [U]a plant which has grey-green needle-like leaves and small, pale purple flowers with a strong smell, or its dried flowers and stems which have a pleasant smell:a lavender bush

constraint   noun1 [C] something which controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits:The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking.Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff.

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2 [U] FORMAL unnatural behaviour which is sometimes the result of forcing yourself to act in a particular way:She tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious.

constrain  Hide phoneticsverb [T often passive] to control and limit something:The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.

constrained  Hide phoneticsadjective1 constrained to do sth forced to do something against your will:Don't feel constrained to do what he says - he's got no authority.

2 describes behaviour that is forced and unnatural:a constrained voice/manner

or else1 used to say what will happen if another thing does not happen:We must be there by six, or else we'll miss the beginning.

2 used to compare two different things or situations:She's either really talkative and you can't shut her up or else she's silent.

3 INFORMAL used as a threat, sometimes humorously:He'd better find it quickly, or else (= or I will punish him in some way)!

abominable      Hide phoneticsadjectivevery bad or unpleasant:The prisoners are forced to live in abominable conditions.The weather's been abominable all week.

abominably      Hide phoneticsadverbHe behaved abominably towards her.

notion - a general inclusive conceptconcept, conception, construct - an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instancesmumpsimus - a traditional notion that is obstinately held although it is unreasonable; "he still holds to the old mumpsimus that a woman's place is in the kitchen"

dress·ing (drsng)n.1. A therapeutic or protective material applied to a wound.2. A sauce for certain dishes, such as salads.3. A stuffing, as for poultry or fish.4. Manure or other fertilizing material for soil.

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give someone a dressing down = tell someone off / reprimand someone: "He gave the whole department a dressing down after they failed to meet their agreed targets."

bustle (BE BUSY)   verb [I + adverb or preposition] to do things in a hurried and busy way:Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready.

bustle   noun [U]I sat in a café, watching the (hustle and) bustle (= busy activity) of the street outside.

bustling   adjectiveThis used to be a bustling (= full of busy activity) town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years.The house, usually bustling with activity, was strangely silent.

sit out sth or sit sth out

to be unable to take part in a physical activity, especially a sport, usually because you are injured Monica Seles had to sit out the doubles competition because of a broken wrist.I've been dancing for over an hour so I thought I might sit the next one out.to wait for something unpleasant to finish before taking any action The government is prepared to sit out the strike rather than agree to union demands.

syllable   noun [C]a single unit of speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be separated, usually containing a vowelSee also disyllabic; monosyllabic; polysyllabic.

syllabic adjective SPECIALIZED

due (OWED)       adjective owed as a debt or as a right:The rent is due (= should be paid) at the end of the month.Fifty pounds is MAINLY UK due to me/MAINLY US due me by the people I worked for last month.Our thanks are due to everyone.UK LEGAL He was found to have been driving without due (= the necessary) care and attention.

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due       noun give sb their due said when you are praising someone for something good they have done, although you dislike other things about them:He failed again, but to give him his due, he did try hard.

sweetmeat   noun [C] OLD-FASHIONEDa small piece of sweet food, made of or covered in sugar

go to pieces, a. to break into fragments. b. to lose control of oneself; become emotionally or physically upset: When he

flunked out of medical school he went to pieces.

go/fall to pieces

if someone goes to pieces, they become so upset that they are unable to control their feelings or think clearly 

I kept my composure throughout the funeral, but I went to pieces after everyone had gone home.

to suddenly fail completely After winning the British Open last year, his game has really gone to pieces.

dash - run or move very quickly or hastily; "She dashed into the yard"scoot, scud, dart, flash, shootplunge - dash violently or with great speed or impetuosity; "She plunged at it eagerly"shoot down, tear, buck, charge, shoot - move quickly and violently; "The car tore down the street"; "He came charging into my office"hie, hotfoot, pelt along, race, rush, rush along, speed, step on it, belt along, bucket along, cannonball along, hasten - move fast; "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests"; "The cars raced down the street"

talk - 1. An exchange of ideas or opinions; a conversation.2. A speech or lecture.3. Hearsay, rumor, or speculation: There is talk of bankruptcy.4. A subject of conversation: a musical that is the talk of the town.5. A conference or negotiation. Often used in the plural: peace talks.6. Jargon; slang: prison talk.7. Empty speech or unnecessary discussion: much talk and no action.8. A particular manner of speech: baby talk; honeyed talk.9. Something, such as the sounds of animals, felt to resemble human talk: whale talk.

turn off1. To stop the operation, activity, or flow of; shut off: turned off the television.2. Slang a. To affect with dislike, displeasure, or revulsion: That song really turns me off.b. To affect with boredom: The play turned the audience off.c. To lose or cause to lose interest; withdraw: turning off to materialism.

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d. To cease paying attention to: The student turned off the boring lecture and daydreamed.3. To divert; deflect.4. Chiefly British To dismiss (an employee).

1. come around - change one's position or opinion; "He came around to our point of view"come roundchange - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"

2. come around - happen regularly; "Christmas rolled around again"roll aroundhap, happen, occur, come about, take place, go on, pass off, fall out, pass - come to pass; "What is happening?"; "The meeting took place off without an incidence"; "Nothing occurred that seemed important"

reform       verb [I or T] to make an improvement, especially by changing a person's behaviour or the structure of something:Who will reform Britain's unfair electoral system?For years I was an alcoholic, but I reformed when the doctors gave me six months to live.

reform       noun [C or U]an improvement, especially in a person's behaviour or in the structure of something:Some reforms of/to the system will be necessary.The education system in Britain was crying out for reform.

Round game - a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his own account.

name   verb [T] 1 to give someone or something a name:[+ two objects] We named our dogs 'Shandy' and 'Belle'.A man named Dennis answered the door.

2 to say what something or someone's name is:In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.He couldn't name his attacker.

3 to choose someone or something:Just name the time and I'll be there on the dot.Name your conditions/terms/price.Ms Martinez has been named (as) (= she will be) the new Democratic candidate.

Joke v. joked, jok·ing, jokes

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v.intr.1. To tell or play jokes; jest.2. To speak in fun; be facetious.v.tr.To make fun of; tease.

sense (GOOD JUDGMENT)   noun [U] the characteristic of having good judgment, especially when it is based on practical ideas or understanding:[+ to infinitive] I hope they'll have the (good) sense/have enough sense to shut the windows before they leave.It makes (good) sense to buy a large packet because it works out cheaper in the end.[+ ing form of verb] There's no sense in waiting (= It is not practical to wait) - the next train isn't for two hours.Where's/What's the sense (= What is the advantage) in paying someone when you could get a volunteer?Planning so far ahead makes no sense - so many things will have changed by next year.

senses   plural nounHave you taken leave of your senses (= Have you lost your ability to make a good judgment)?It's time you came to your senses (= started to use your good judgment) and realized that they are not going to help you.The accident brought him to his senses (= caused him to use his good judgment again) and made him stop drinking.

come of age1 to reach the age when you are legally recognized as an adult and become old enough to vote

2 If something has come of age, it has reached its full successful development.

enforce     verb [T] to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted:It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline.

enforceable       adjective

enforcement       noun [U]law enforcement

blow over (SITUATION) phrasal verbWhen an argument blows over, it becomes gradually less important until it ends and is

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forgotten:I thought that after a few days the argument would blow over.

fix on sth/sbto decide to choose something or someone 

We haven't fixed on a hotel yet for our wedding reception.

prentice[2,transitive verb]

prentice transitive verb Inflected Form(s):pren·ticed; pren·tic·ingDate:1598: apprentice

apprentice       noun [C]someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills:Most of the work was done by apprentices.an apprentice carpenter

apprentice       verb [T usually passive] OLD USE to make someone an apprentice:Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio in Florence for three years.

apprenticeship       noun [C or U]a period of time working as an apprentice

Verb 1. apprentice - be or work as an apprentice; "She apprenticed with the great master"train, prepare - undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession; "She is training to be a teacher"; "He trained as a legal aid"

mulberry       noun [C]a small soft purple fruit, or the tree that has these fruit

dovecote, dovecot       noun [C]a small building for doves or similar birds to live in

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stuff (EAT)   verb INFORMALstuff yourself to eat a lot:They'd been stuffing themselves with snacks all afternoon, so they didn't want any dinner.

Stewpond

turnpike     noun [C] (INFORMAL pike) USa motorway which you usually have to pay to use:the New Jersey Turnpike

1. turnpike - (from 16th to 19th centuries) gates set across a road to prevent passage until a toll had been paidgate - a movable barrier in a fence or wall

2. turnpike - an expressway on which tolls are collectedtoll roadexpressway, freeway, motorway, pike, state highway, superhighway, throughway, thruway - a broad highway designed for high-speed traffic

arbour UK, US arbor       noun [C]a sheltered place in a garden formed by trees and bushes which are grown to partly enclose it:a rose arbour

hard by adverb, preposition LITERARY OR OLD USEvery near:The house where he lived as a child is hard by the main plaza.

plaza   noun [C]1 an open area or square in a town, especially in Spanish-speaking countries

2 a group of buildings including shops designed as a single development within a town

Verb 1. spirit up - infuse with spirit; "The company spirited him up"inspirit, spiritliven, liven up, enliven, invigorate, animate - make lively; "let's liven up this room a bit"

mutton       noun [U]the meat from an adult sheep eaten as food

shoulder of mutton Hammelschulter {f}

repair to somewhere phrasal verb FORMALto go to another place, usually in a group of people:After dinner, we repaired to the lounge for coffee.

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gout   noun [U]a painful disease which makes the joints, especially the feet, knees and hands, swell

gouty       adjective

elucidate   verb [I or T] FORMAL to explain or make clear:I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate.The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists.

elucidation   noun [U]These figures need elucidation.

un·fath·om·a·ble (n-f-m-bl)adj.1. Difficult or impossible to understand; incomprehensible: unfathomable theories.2. Difficult or impossible to measure: the unfathomable depths.

stationery       noun [U]1 the items needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes

2 good quality paper for writing letters on and matching envelopes

stationer       noun [C]a person or business that sells stationery

stationer's       noun [C] UKa shop which sells stationery:You'll be able to get a tube of glue at the stationer's down the road.

pall (CLOUD)     noun1 [C] a thick dark cloud of smoke:Palls of smoke obscured our view.

2 [S] a negative atmosphere:The bad news cast a pall over the evening.A pall of embarrassment descended on the room.

since (TIME) adverb

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from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now:Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we haven't seen her since.He started working for the company when he left school, and has been there ever since (= and is still there).I've long since (= long ago) forgotten any Latin I ever learned.

pro·portion·a·ble adj.pro·portion·a·bly adv.

counsel   verb [T] -ll- or US USUALLY -l- to give advice, especially on social or personal problems:The police have provided experts to counsel local people affected by the tragedy.My job involves counselling unemployed people on/about how to find work.

counsel   noun1 [U] FORMAL advice:I should have listened to my father's wise counsel, and saved some money instead of spending it all.

2 [C] LEGAL one or more of the lawyers taking part in a law case:The judge addressed counsel.Counsel for the defence (= the lawyer giving advice to the accused person) argued convincingly that his client was not guilty.

impetuous adjective1 tending to act on a sudden idea or wish, without considering the results of your actions:He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

2 An impetuous word or action is said or done suddenly, without considering the likely results:The Prime Minister may now be regretting her impetuous promise to reduce unemployment by half.

impetuously  adverb

impetuousness   noun [U] (FORMAL impetuosity)

observation     noun [U]when you observe something or someone:close observation of nature/human nature/animal behaviourThe police are keeping the suspect under observation.She was admitted to hospital for observation (= so that doctors could watch her and see if anything was wrong with her).

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uniform (SAME)       adjectivethe same; not varying or different in any way:As in so many offices that you see, the walls and furniture are a uniform grey.Small businesses are demanding that they receive uniform treatment from the banks.

uniformly       adverbCritics were uniformly enthusiastic about the production.

uniformity       noun [U]

polish       verb [T] to rub something using a piece of cloth or brush to clean it and make it shine:to polish the furniturePolish your shoes regularly to protect the leather.

polish       noun1 [S] when you polish something:I'll just give my shoes a quick polish.

2 [C or U] a cream or other substance that you use to clean something:shoe/furniture/silver polish

3 [U] skill or quality:It's a lively, good-hearted film but it lacks a little polish.This is a musical with polish and wit.

polished       adjective1 having been polished:a highly polished floor

2 describes a person who has style and confidence:He's suave, polished and charming.

3 showing great skill:The dancers gave a polished performance.

Poland   nouna country in Europe

Polish   adjective

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coming from or relating to Poland

Pole   noun [C]someone from Poland

candid   adjective APPROVINGtruthful and honest, especially about something difficult or painful:The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis.To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake.See also candour.

candidly   adverb

excess     noun [S or U]an amount which is more than acceptable, expected or reasonable:An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing.They both eat to excess (= too much).There will be an increase in tax for those earning in excess of (= more than) twice the national average wage.

excess     adjective [before noun]extra:Cut off any excess pastry and put it to one side.

wildly   adverb in an uncontrolled or extreme way:He was dancing wildly.Inflation figures have fluctuated wildly between 0.2% and 25%.It was wildly (= very) expensive.I must say I'm not wildly (= very) keen on the idea.

fondly       adverbHe smiled fondly (= in a loving way) at the children.

diffuse verb [I or T] 1 to (cause something to) spread in many directions:Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge.

2 to (cause a gas or liquid to) spread through or into a surrounding substance by mixing with it:Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream.

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The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water.

diffuse   adjective1 spread out and not directed in one place:a diffuse lightThe company has become large and diffuse.

2 DISAPPROVING not clear or easy to understand:a diffuse literary style

diffusely   adverb

Black –

answer (REACTION)      

black (DARK IN COLOUR)   adjective, noun [U](having) the darkest colour there is, like night without light:black shoesShe often dresses in black (= in black clothes).

encumber       verb [T] FORMAL to weigh someone or something down, or to make it difficult for someone to do something:Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses.

encumbrance   noun [C] FORMALWhen you're walking 30 miles a day, the fewer encumbrances the better.

treacherous (NOT LOYAL)       adjective MAINLY OLD USEA person who is treacherous deceives someone who trusts them, or lacks loyalty:Vargas plays the part of treacherous aristocrat who betrays his king and country.I feel a bit treacherous to my own sex if I ever make general criticisms of women.

treachery       noun [U] FORMALCorley said she was standing down as leader because of the treachery of her own colleagues.

lament verb [I or T] to express sadness and regret about:

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The poem opens by lamenting (over) the death of a young man.My grandmother, as usual, lamented the decline in moral standards in today's society.The late lamented (= dead and remembered with affection) Frank Giotto used to live here.

lament   noun [C] FORMALa song, poem or other piece of writing which expresses sadness about someone's death:The whole play can be interpreted as a lament for lost youth.

adequate adjectiveenough or satisfactory for a particular purpose:Have we got adequate food for twenty guests?I didn't have adequate time to prepare.It's not by any means a brilliant salary but it's adequate for our needs.The council's provision for the elderly is barely adequate (= is not enough).[+ to infinitive] Will future oil supplies be adequate to meet world needs?NOTE: The opposite is inadequate.

adequately adverbWhile some patients can be adequately cared for at home, others are best served by care in a hospital.

attend (PROVIDE HELP) verb [T] to provide a service to someone, especially as part of your job; to care for or deal with someone or something:The Princess was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.See also attend at attention (NOTICE).

attendance   noun [U]He never goes out without his security men in attendance (= with him and taking care of him).

attendant   noun [C]1 someone whose job is to be in a place and help visitors or customers:a cloakroom/museum attendant

2 someone whose job is to travel or live with an important person and help them:The Prince was followed by his attendants.

fancy (IMAGINE)   verb [I or T] to imagine or think that something is so:[+ (that)] UK I fancied (that) I saw something moving in the corner.[R] He fancies himself as a bit of a singer.

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[+ to infinitive] Who do you fancy to win the Cup this year?UK OLD-FASHIONED This isn't the first time this has happened, I fancy.

fancied   adjective MAINLY UKexpected or thought likely to succeed:She is the most fancied candidate for the next election.

discharge (PERFORM)       verb [T] FORMAL 1 to perform a duty, especially an official one:If the authority is to discharge its legal duty to house the homeless, it needs government support.

2 discharge a debt to pay a debt completely

forward (SEND)       verb [T] to send a letter etc., especially from someone's old address to their new address, or to send a letter, email etc. that you have received to someone else:I'll forward any mail to your new address.I'll forward his email to you if you're interested.

avail   noun [U]use, purpose, advantage, or profit:We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (= did not succeed).My attempts to improve the situation were of little/no avail.

avail   verb [T] OLD USE Our efforts availed us nothing (= did not help).

irresolute   adjective FORMAL DISAPPROVINGnot able or willing to take decisions or actions:an irresolute reply

picture       verb [T] to imagine something:Picture the scene - the crowds of people and animals, the noise, the dirt.[+ ing form of verb] Try to picture yourself lying on a beach in the hot sun.[+ question word] Picture to yourself how terrible that day must have been.FORMAL He was pictured (= An artist had painted him) as a soldier in full uniform.

recital       noun [C]

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1 a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group of people:I went to a violin recital today.He is giving a recital of Bach's sonatas.

2 a detailed description of something or a list of things:She gave us a long, boring recital of all her troubles.

voluntary       adjective1 done, made or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it:They chose to take voluntary redundancy.She does voluntary work for the Red Cross two days a week.

2 describes an organization that is controlled and supported by people who give their time and money to it without being paid, and that exists to help other people:The hospital has asked various voluntary organizations to help raise money for the new operating theatre.

voluntarily       adverb

spurn       verb [T] SLIGHTLY FORMAL to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that they are not worth having:She spurned my offers of help.Ellis plays the part of the young lover spurned by his mistress.

re·tire·ment n.1. The act of retiring.2. The state of being retired.3. Withdrawal from one's occupation, business, or office.4. Withdrawal into privacy or seclusion.5. A place of privacy or seclusion; a retreat. See Synonyms at solitude.

alleviate   verb [T] FORMAL to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

alleviation   noun [U]the alleviation of poverty

comfort       noun 1 [U] a pleasant feeling of being relaxed and free from pain:She evidently dresses for comfort.It's a little too hot for comfort.

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Now you can watch the latest films in the comfort of your own room.

2 [C or U] when you feel better after feeling sad or worried, or something that makes you feel better in this way:The letters that people wrote after his death gave me a lot of comfort.It's some comfort to his wife (= It makes her feel less sad) to know that he died instantly and didn't suffer.I've got to take an exam too, if it's any comfort (= if it makes you feel better to know that we share the same problem or bad luck).I know she goes out a lot at night, but I draw/take comfort from the fact that she's always with friends.He's a great comfort to his mother.

3 [U] when you have a pleasant life with enough money for everything that you need:He could retire now and live in comfort for the rest of his life.

4 [C usually plural] something that makes your life easy and pleasant:After the trip, it was nice getting back to a few home comforts.She's always liked her creature comforts (= the type of pleasure found in the house, for example warmth, food, etc.).

comfort eating noun [U]

comfort       verb [T] to make someone feel better when they are sad or anxious:The girl's mother was at home today, being comforted by relatives.

comforting       adjective making you feel less sad or anxious:I found her words very comforting.Hot soup is very comforting on a cold winter's day.

comfortingly       adverbin a way that makes you feel less sad or anxious:"It'll be all right, " she said comfortingly.

comfortless       adjective FORMALwithout anything that gives physical comfort

militate against sth phrasal verb FORMAL to make something less likely to happen or succeed:The complexity and costliness of the judicial system militate against justice for the individual.

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reap   verb [I or T] to cut and collect a grain crop

reap the benefit/reward, etc.to get the benefit, etc. that is the result of your own actions:She studied every evening and reaped the benefit at exam time.We sold them most of their modern weapons and now we are reaping the bitter harvest.

covert       adjectivehidden or secret:covert actionsThe government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.Compare overt.

covert       noun [C]a group of bushes and small trees growing close together in which animals can hide, especially from hunters

throw away1. a. To get rid of as useless: threw away yesterday's newspaper.b. Games To discard: threw away two aces.2. a. To fail to take advantage of: threw away a chance to make a fortune.b. To waste or use in a foolish way: threw away her inheritance.3. To utter or perform in an offhand, seemingly careless way: The play's villain throws away the news that the house has burned down.

sympathy (UNDERSTANDING)   noun [U] (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering:The president has sent a message of sympathy to the relatives of the dead soldiers.I don't have much sympathy for her - I think she's brought her troubles on herself.Compare empathy.

portrait         noun [C]1 a painting, photograph, drawing, etc. of a person or, less commonly, of a group of people:She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait/paint a portrait of her.a portrait gallerya portrait painter

2 A film or book which is a portrait of something is a detailed description or representation of it:Her latest novel paints a very vivid portrait of the aristocracy in the 1920s.

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warehouse UK       noun [C] (US storehouse)a large building for storing items before they are sold, used or sent out to shops, or a large shop selling a large number of a particular items at a cheap rate:The goods have been sitting in a warehouse for months because a strike has prevented distribution.We bought both sofas from a big furniture warehouse that's just off the motorway.

clamorous     adjective LITERARY1 making loud demands or complaints

2 making a lot of noise:clamorous, excited voices

condolence       noun [C usually plural; U]sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form:a letter of condolenceDignitaries from all over the world came to offer their condolences.

anxiety (WORRY)       noun1 [U] an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future:Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.That explains his anxiety over his health.Her son is a source of considerable anxiety.

2 [C] something that causes a feeling of fear and worry:job anxieties

anxious adjectiveworried and nervous:My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will.I saw my sister's anxious face at the window.The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest.

humiliate   verb [T] to make someone feel ashamed or lose their respect for themselves:How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in front of everyone like that?England were humiliated (= completely defeated) in last night's match.

humiliation   noun [C or U]

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After the humiliation of last week's defeat, the Mets were back on form.Imagine the humiliation of having to apologize.

humiliated       adjectiveI've never felt so humiliated (= been made to feel so ashamed) in my life.

humiliating       adjectivemaking you feel ashamed or stupid:Losing my job was the most humiliating thing that ever happened to me.The government suffered a humiliating defeat in yesterday's debate.He found it humiliating to have to ask for money.

canal   noun [C]an artificial river built for boats to travel along or to take water where it is needed

ceremony   noun1 EVENT [C] a formal event that is performed on important social or religious occasions a wedding/marriage ceremony an award ceremony

2 BEHAVIOUR [U] formal behaviour, words, and actions that are part of a ceremony

gracious   adjective1 PLEASANT behaving in a pleasant, polite, calm way He was gracious enough to thank me.

2 COMFORTABLE comfortable and with a good appearance and quality gracious homes/living

3 Good/Goodness gracious! used to express polite surprise graciously adverb

overpower       verb [T] 1 to defeat someone by having greater strength or power:The gunman was finally overpowered by three security guards.

2 If a smell or feeling overpowers you, it is so strong that it makes you feel weak or ill:The smell of gas/heat overpowered me as I went into the house.

overpowering       adjective too strong:

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Firefighters were driven back by the overpowering heat of the flames.There's an overpowering smell of garlic in the kitchen.He's suffering from overpowering feelings of guilt.

cordial (FRIENDLY)       adjectivefriendly, but formal and polite:a cordial smile/greeting/welcome/receptionRelations between the two leaders are said to be cordial.

cordially       adverbFORMAL You are cordially invited to attend our annual wine-tasting evening.

cordiality       noun [U]

Noun 1. stagecoach - a large coach-and-four formerly used to carry passengers and mail on regular routes between towns; "we went out of town together by stage about ten or twelve miles"stagecoach-and-four, four-in-hand, coach - a carriage pulled by four horses with one driver

exult   verb [I] FORMAL to express great pleasure or happiness, especially at someone else's defeat or failure:They exulted at/over their victory.She seems to exult in her power.

exultant   adjective FORMALvery happy, especially at someone else's defeat or failure:an exultant cheeran exultant crowd

exultantly   adverb

exultation   noun [U] FORMAL

simper       verb [I] to smile in a foolish or silly way:She gave her teacher a simpering smile.

simper       noun [C]

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cessation   noun [C or U] FORMALending or stopping:Religious leaders have called for a total cessation of the bombing campaign.See also cease.

interpose (INTERRUPT)       verb [T] FORMAL to interrupt someone:[+ speech] "I can't agree with you, Mr Heathcliff, " he interposed.

interposition       noun [C or U] FORMAL

counter (SURFACE)     noun [C]1 a long flat narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served:There was nobody behind/on the counter when I went into the bank, and I had to wait to be served.You will find sausages on the meat counter/rolls on the bread counter.

2 MAINLY US a worktop (= flat surface in a kitchen, on which food can be prepared):We stacked the dirty plates on the kitchen counter.

counter       adjectiveover-the-counter medicines

to the indignation of them all

Welcome to iVisit :-).Poetria_1: play up? Lynne_Hand: To play up

play up

BRITISH & AUSTRALIAN, SLIGHTLY INFORMAL if someone, especially a child, plays up, they behave badly 

If the children start playing up, just send them out to the park.

(British & Australian, slightly informal) if a machine or part of a machine plays up, it does not work as it should 

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My car's been playing up again. [usually in continuous tenses]

Lynne_Hand: partiality Lynne_Hand: nearly (not nurly) Lynne_Hand: ever Lynne_Hand: treachery Lynne_Hand: allowed (not a load) Lynne_Hand: severe vs sever Lynne_Hand: East Indies Lynne_Hand: remained vs remind Lynne_Hand: trifling Lynne_Hand: weight vs white Lynne_Hand: natural

natural (EXPECTED)       adjectivenormal or expected:Of course you're upset - it's only natural.It's natural that you should feel anxious when you first leave home.It's quite natural to experience a few doubts just before you get married.See also natural at nature (LIFE).

naturally       adverbas you would expect:Naturally we want to see as few job losses in the industry as possible."You will try to be tactful when you explain to her why she hasn't been invited, won't you?" "Naturally (= Yes, obviously)."

Lynne_Hand: almost a twelvemonth back, Lynne_Hand: earnest

earnest       adjective1 serious or determined, especially too serious and unable to find your own actions amusing:He was a very earnest young man.

Lynne_Hand: gay Lynne_Hand: seduced Lynne_Hand: both Lynne_Hand: interfering (to interfere) Lynne_Hand: hereafter Lynne_Hand: wretched Lynne_Hand: use vs to use Lynne_Hand: heart vs hurt Lynne_Hand: recital vs rectal Lynne_Hand: consolation vs cancellation Lynne_Hand: ever

use (PURPOSE)   verb [T] used, used to put something such as a tool, skill or building to a particular purpose:This glass has been used - please fetch me a clean one.[+ to infinitive] Use scissors to cut the shapes out.

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Going on the expedition gives me a chance to use all the training I've had.The old hospital isn't used anymore.These lights are used for illuminating the playing area.To use military force against the protesters would be unacceptable.INFORMAL I could use (= I would like) some help putting these decorations up if you're not too busy.

use   noun 1 [C or U] a purpose for which something is used:A food processor has a variety of uses in the kitchen.Don't throw that cloth away, you'll find a use for it one day.No, I don't want to buy a boat - I have no use for one!

2 [U] when you use something, or when something is being used:You should be able to put your experience in electronics to (good) use in your new job.Don't touch the machine when it's in use.Sorry but the escalator is out of (US USUALLY not in) use (= not operating).Traditional farming methods are going out of/coming into use (= used less and less/more and more) in many areas.

usable   adjectivecan be used:The specific software is also usable in other areas of research.

usage   noun 1 [C or U] the way a particular word in a language, or a language in general, is used:a guide to common English usageThe earliest recorded usage of the word is in the twelfth century.

2 [U] the way something is treated or used:Sports equipment is designed to withstand hard usage.

useful   adjective effective; helping you to do or achieve something:A good knife is probably one of the most useful things you can have in a kitchen.Do the exercises serve any useful purpose?

console (COMFORT)       verb [T] to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy:He tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.I tried to console her with a box of chocolates.I was consoling Liz on having broken up with her boyfriend.

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consolation     noun [C or U]If it's (of) any consolation (to you), you're not the only one he was rude to.I didn't know what to say - I just offered a few words of consolation.

consolatory       adjective FORMALa consolatory remark

entreaty       noun [C]an attempt to persuade someone to do something:She refused to become involved with him despite his passionate entreaties.

entreat   verb [T] to try very hard to persuade someone to do something:[+ to infinitive] We would spend every meal time entreating the child to eat her vegetables.

toothpick   noun [C]a small thin pointed stick of wood, plastic or metal which can be used for removing pieces of food from between the teeth, especially after a meal

sterling (ADMIRABLE)       adjective APPROVINGof a very high standard, or admirable:You've done a sterling job.Everyone has made a sterling effort.

insignificant   adjective not important or thought to be valuable, especially because of being small:Why bother arguing about such an insignificant amount of money?The difference between the two results was insignificant.

insignificance noun [U] The traumas of my own upbringing pale/fade into insignificance (= seem very unimportant) when I hear stories about the way Peter's parents treated him.

insignificantly   adverb

puppyismaffected or impertinent behavior; conceit.

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bespeak   verb [T] bespoke, bespoken FORMAL to suggest or show:His letter bespeaks his willingness to help.

bespeak tr.v. bespoke, bespoken or bespoke, bespeaking, bespeaks 1. To be or give a sign of; indicate. See Synonyms at indicate.2. a. To engage, hire, or order in advance. See Synonyms at book.b. To request: bespeak a favor.3. To foretell; portend: fearful weapons that bespeak great loss of life.4. Archaic To speak to; address.

pitch (LEVEL)   noun1 [C or U] the level or degree of something:The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note).If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or interest) right.

2 [S] the level of a feeling:By this time their disagreement had reached such a pitch that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion.The children were at fever pitch (= very excited) the day before the party.

pitch   verb [T] The tune was pitched (= the notes in it were) too high for me to reach the top notes.A teacher's got to pitch a lesson at the right level for the students.

insurmountable       adjective FORMAL(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully:insurmountable difficultiesThis small country is faced with an insurmountable debt.

vouchsafe   verb [T] FORMAL to tell or give something to someone:He vouchsafed the information that the meeting had been postponed.Vouchsafe therefore, most kind God and merciful Father, in His name and in His favor to give me pardon and mercy.

come forward phrasal verbto offer to give help or information:No witnesses to the accident have come forward yet, despite the police's appeal.Nobody has yet come forward with any information relating to the girl's death.

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accept (TAKE)   verb 1 [T] to agree to take something:Do you accept credit cards?She was in London to accept an award for her latest novel.I offered her an apology, but she wouldn't accept it.I accept full responsibility for the failure of the plan.The new telephones will accept coins of any denomination.

2 [I or T] to say 'yes' to an offer or invitation:We've offered her the job, but I don't know whether she'll accept it.I've just accepted an invitation to the opening-night party.I've been invited to their wedding but I haven't decided whether to accept.

acceptable  \adjective"Will a £50 donation be enough?" "Yes, that would be quite acceptable (= enough)."

acceptability       noun [U]

acceptance   noun [C or U]

enclosure n.1. a. The act of enclosing.b. The state of being enclosed.2. Something enclosed: a business letter with a supplemental enclosure.3. Something that encloses.

mark sth out phrasal verbto show the shape or position of something by drawing a line around it:He'd marked out a volleyball court on the beach with a stick.

knoll       noun [C]a small low hill with a rounded top:a grassy knoll

walnut       - orzech wloskinoun [C or U]a slightly bitter-tasting nut with a series of folds in it and a hard shell, or (the expensive light brown wood from) the tree that produces these nuts

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thorn       noun [C]a small sharp pointed growth on the stem of a plant

thorny       adjectivehaving thorns

brow   noun1 [C usually singular] LITERARY the forehead:She wrinkled her brow as she thought.He paused at the top of the hill and mopped his brow (= rubbed the sweat away).

2 [S] the top part of a hill or the edge of something high such as a cliff or rock:the brow of the hill

thorn n.1. Botany a. A modified branch in the form of a sharp, woody spine.b. Any of various shrubs, trees, or woody plants bearing sharp, woody spines.

provoke (ANGER)       verb [T] to make or try to make a person or an animal angry:It was a vicious-looking dog and I didn't want to provoke it.He was clearly trying to get at me but I refused to be provoked.I was provoked into the argument.

provocation       noun [C or U]an action or statement that is intended to make someone angry:He'd fly into a rage at the slightest provocation.

provocative       adjective1 causing an angry reaction, usually intentionally:a provocative question/remarkIn a deliberately provocative speech, she criticised the whole system of government.

2 If behaviour or clothing is provocative, it is intended to cause sexual desire:She slowly leaned forward in a provocative way.

jointure n.1. Law

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a. An arrangement by which a man sets aside property to be used for the support of his wife after his death.b. The property so designated.2. The act of joining or the state of being joined.

conscientious     adjectiveputting a lot of effort into your work:a conscientious student

conscientiously       adverb

conscientiousness       noun [U]

compunction   noun [U] FORMALa slight feeling of guilt for something you have done or might do:I wouldn't have any compunction about telling him to leave.

legacy   noun [C]1 money or property that you receive from someone after they die:An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.

2 something that is a part of your history or which stays from an earlier time:The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature.The war has left a legacy of hatred.

scruple   noun [C or U]a feeling that prevents you from doing something that you think is morally wrong or makes you uncertain about doing it:Robin Hood had no scruples about robbing the rich to give to the poor.He is a man without scruple - he has no conscience.

scruple   verb FORMALnot scruple to do sth to not care that something you do is morally wrong or likely to have bad results:He wouldn't scruple to cheat his own mother if there was money in it for him.

prepossess tr.v. prepossessed, prepossessing, prepossesses 1. To preoccupy the mind of to the exclusion of other thoughts or feelings.

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2. a. To influence beforehand against or in favor of someone or something; prejudice.b. To impress favorably in advance.

associate (CONNECT)       verb [T] to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else:Most people associate this brand with good quality.

associate (FRIEND)     noun [C]someone who is closely connected to another person as a companion, friend or business partner:A close associate of the author denied reports that she had cancer.a business associate

Welcome to iVisit :-).

combe Nounsame as comb

coomb or coombe Nouna short valley or deep hollow [Old English cumb]

Michaelmas n.1. A Christian feast observed in honor of the archangel Michael.2. September 29, the day on which this feast is observed.

Lynne_Hand: squirrel Lynne_Hand: watching Lynne_Hand: angry Lynne_Hand: CombeMagna Lynne_Hand: good-for-nothing Lynne_Hand: circle Poetria_1: combe magna Lynne_Hand: But today I've been up since 5am. Lynne_Hand: word vs ward Lynne_Hand: reward Lynne_Hand: gentleness Lynne_Hand: augmented Lynne_Hand: Michaelmas Lynne_Hand: canal Lynne_Hand: yew arbour (a group of Yew trees) Lynne_Hand: t'other Lynne_Hand: miss Lynne_Hand: (mees) Lynne_Hand: laid vs led Lynne_Hand: entreaties Lynne_Hand: jewels Lynne_Hand: delicacy Lynne_Hand: debating

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Lynne_Hand: notice (not not is) Lynne_Hand: puppyism Lynne_Hand: passing vs pacing Lynne_Hand: pearls Lynne_Hand: conceit Lynne_Hand: pleasure Lynne_Hand: (I think the kids were playing up.) Lynne_Hand: to call upon you Lynne_Hand: obliged Lynne_Hand: any prior attachment on your side Lynne_Hand: Elinor could only smile. Lynne_Hand: undoubtedly Lynne_Hand: conscience

complaint noun1 NOT SATISFACTORY [C,U] when someone says that something is wrong or not satisfact-ory a letter of complaint I wish to make a complaint. We received several complaints about the noise.

2 ANNOYING THING [C] something that makes you complain My only complaint was the lack of refreshments.

3 ILLNESS [C] an illness a stomach complaint

demeanour UK, US demeanor       noun [U] FORMALa way of looking and behaving:There was nothing in his demeanour that suggested he was anxious.She has the demeanour of a woman who is contented with her life.

bestow       verb [T often passive] FORMAL to give something as an honour or present:The Chancellorship of the University was bestowed upon her in 1992.The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed on British civilians for acts of great bravery.

bestowal       noun [U] FORMALHer father's blessing represented a bestowal of consent upon her forthcoming marriage.

voluntary       adjective1 done, made or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it:They chose to take voluntary redundancy.She does voluntary work for the Red Cross two days a week.

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2 describes an organization that is controlled and supported by people who give their time and money to it without being paid, and that exists to help other people:The hospital has asked various voluntary organizations to help raise money for the new operating theatre.

voluntarily       adverb

attach (CONNECT)   verb [T] to fasten, join or connect; to place or fix in position:I attached a photo to my application form.Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer.In Britain, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached to them (= on them).SLIGHTLY FORMAL I attach (= am sending, usually with a letter) a copy of our latest report.Compare detach. See also attached.

attachment   noun [C]an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine:This food processor has a special attachment for grinding coffee

sedulous adj liter (at work) diligente; (student) aplicado, -a

occasion (PARTICULAR TIME)   noun [C] 1 a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened:We met on several occasions to discuss the issue.I've heard him be rude to her on a number of occasions.I seem to remember that on that occasion he was with his wife.

2 a special or formal event:Sara's party was quite an occasion - there were over a hundred people there.At the wedding he sang a song specially written for the occasion.I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.The coronation of a new king is, sof course, a historic occasion.Congratulations on the occasion of your wedding anniversary.

3 FORMAL an opportunity or reason for doing something or for something to happen:The 200th anniversary of Mozart's death was the occasion for hundreds of special films, books and concerts.An occasion may arise when you can use your knowledge of French.The bride took/used the occasion to make a short speech.

quarter (PERSON)       noun [C]

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one or more people who provide help, information or a particular reaction to something but who are not usually named:Help came from an unexpected quarter.There is a feeling in certain/some quarters (= Some people consider) that a change is needed.

deed Definition

deed

nouna thing done; acta feat of courage, skill, etc.action; actual performance honest in word and deedLaw a document under seal which, when delivered, transfers a present interest in property

promise (BE EXPECTED)       verbpromise to be good/exciting, etc. to be expected to be good/exciting, etc:It promises to be a really exciting match.

promise       noun [U]when someone or something is likely to develop successfully and people expect this to happen:His English teacher had written on his report that he showed great promise.As a child I was quite a good dancer, but I didn't fulfil my early promise.

afterwards       adverb (US ALSO afterward)after the time mentioned; later:We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while.They separated, and soon/shortly afterwards Jane left the country.

anticipate   verb [T] to imagine or expect that something will happen, sometimes taking action in preparation for it happening:We don't anticipate any trouble.We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn't anticipate.Are you anticipating a lot of people at the party tonight?[+ ing form of verb] They anticipate having several applicants for the job.[+ that] They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the jobIt's always best to anticipate a problem before it arises.[+ question word] At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen.The anticipated inflation figure is lower than last month's.The army anticipated (= took action in preparation for) the explosion by evacuating the town.

assiduity

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n. pl. as·si·du·i·ties 1. Persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort.2. Constant personal attention and often obsequious solicitude. Often used in the plural.

towards (MOVEMENT) MAINLY UK     preposition (MAINLY US toward)

apprehension   noun [U]anxiety about the future or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen:It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new job.There is some apprehension in the office about who the new director will be.

together (WITH EACH OTHER)       adverb

behold       verb [T] beheld, beheld MAINLY OLD USE to see or look at:The new bridge is an incredible sight to behold.

beholder       noun [C] MAINLY OLD USE

formidable       adjectivecausing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because they are impressive, powerful or difficult:a formidable obstacle/taska formidable adversary/enemy/opponenta formidable intellectDISAPPROVING the director and his formidable wife

formidably       adverb

upright (STRAIGHT)   adjective1 straight up or vertical:Please return your seat to an upright position and fasten your belt.

2 describes something which is taller than it is wide:an upright freezer/vacuum cleaner

upright   adverbvertical and as straight as possible:

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to sit/stand uprightThe sound of breaking glass made her sit bolt upright (= sit with her back straight).

formality       noun [C]something which has to be done but which has no real importance:You'll have to sign the visitors' book, but it's just a formality.

sourness       noun [U]

aspect (APPEARANCE)   noun [S] FORMAL the appearance or visual effect of a place, or the expression on a person's face:The glasses and the beard lend him a rather scholarly aspect.

sallow       adjective(of white-skinned people) yellowish and looking unhealthy:a sallow complexion/face

sallowness       noun [U]

contraction   noun1 [U] when something becomes smaller or shorter:Cold causes contraction of the metal.The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.

2 [C] one of the very strong and usually painful movements of the muscles in the womb that help to push the baby out of the mother's body during the process of birth:She was having regular strong contractions every four minutes.

3 [C] a shortened form of a word or combination of words which is often used instead of the full form in spoken English:'Won't' is a contraction of 'will not'.

proportion       noun1 [C + singular or plural verb] the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole:Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.A higher proportion of women now smoke than used to be the case.The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their income on food.

2 [U] the number, amount or level of one thing when compared to another:

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The proportion of women to men at my college was about five to one.The chart shows how weight increases in proportion to height (= the increase in weight depends on the increase in height).The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed.

gracious (PLEASANT)   adjectivebehaving in a pleasant, polite, calm way:a gracious smileHe was gracious enough to thank me.The losing team were gracious in defeat.

graciously   adverbShe graciously accepted the flowers that were presented to her.

graciousness   noun [U]

indigent   adjective FORMALvery poor

indigence   noun [U]

natural (EXPECTED)       adjectivenormal or expected:Of course you're upset - it's only natural.It's natural that you should feel anxious when you first leave home.It's quite natural to experience a few doubts just before you get married.See also natural at nature (LIFE).

Break - Sports To win a game on (an opponent's service), as in tennis.

comparative       adjective 1 comparing different things:She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas.See also comparative.

2 comparative comfort/freedom/silence a situation which is comfortable/free/silent, etc. when compared to another situation or what is normal:I enjoyed the comparative calm of his flat after the busy office.

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mount (ORGANIZE)  verb [T] to organize and begin an activity or event:to mount an attack/campaign/challenge/protestto mount an exhibition/display

connoisseur       noun [C]a person who knows a lot about and enjoys one of the arts, or food, drink, etc. and can judge quality and skill in that subject:a wine/art connoisseura connoisseur of ballet/cigars

considerate       adjective kind and helpful:It wasn't very considerate of you to drink all the milk.NOTE: The opposite is inconsiderate.

audacity       noun [U][+ to infinitive] It took a lot of audacity (= bravery) to stand up and criticize the chairman.DISAPPROVING He had the audacity (= rudeness) to blame me for his mistake.

insolent   adjectiverude and not showing respect:an insolent child/young manan insolent gesture/remark

insolently   adverb

insolence   noun [U]

enrage   verb [T often passive] to cause someone to become very angry:Plans to build a new nightclub in the neighbourhood have enraged local residents.He was so enraged at the article about him that he sued the newspaper.

retard       verb [T] FORMAL to make something slower:A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth.

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caprice   noun [C or U] LITERARY(the tendency to have) a sudden and usually foolish desire to have or do something, or a sudden and foolish change of mind or behaviour; a whim:The $300 million palace was built to satisfy the caprice of one man.

capricious   adjective LITERARYa capricious childHe was a cruel and capricious tyrant.

fetter      Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 LITERARY to keep someone within limits or stop their advance:He felt fettered by a nine-to-five office existence.

2 to tie someone to a place by putting chains around their ankles

fetters      Hide phoneticsplural noun1 OLD USE a pair of chains which were tied round the legs of prisoners to prevent them from escaping

2 LITERARY something which severely limits you:the fetters of motherhood

elevate  Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 FORMAL to raise something or lift something up:The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs.

2 to make someone or something more important or to improve something:They want to elevate the status of teachers.These factors helped to elevate the town into the list of the ten most attractive in the country.

3 FORMAL be elevated to sth to be given a higher rank or social position:He has been elevated to deputy manager.She was elevated to the peerage (= was given the title 'Lady').

affable   adjectivefriendly and easy to talk to:He struck me as an affable sort of a man.She was quite affable at the meeting.

affably   adverbHe greeted us affably.

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affability     noun [U] FORMAL

hauteur       noun [U] LITERARYa formal and unfriendly way of behaving which suggests that the person thinks they are better than other people

vast       adjectiveextremely big:A vast audience watched the broadcast.The amount of detail the book contains is vast.The people who have taken our advice have saved themselves vast amounts/sums of money.The vast majority of pupils attend state-funded schools.

vastly     adverbvastly differentvastly superiorvastly improved

curtsey (ALSO curtsy)   noun [C]a movement where a girl or woman puts one foot behind the other and bends her knees, especially to show respect to a king or queen curtsey verb [I]

Welcome to iVisit :-).NEWS:http://www.ivisit.com/en/iVisit_News_en.Lynne_Hand: delicacy

delicacy   noun [C]something especially rare or expensive that is good to eat:In some parts of the world, sheep's eyes are considered a great delicacy.See also delicacy at delicate (EASILY DAMAGED) and delicate (SOFT).

Lynne_Hand: pearls Lynne_Hand: wild Lynne_Hand: wildebeest Lynne_Hand: Mrs Lynne_Hand: added Lynne_Hand: agitation. Lynne_Hand: Hon. = honourable Lynne_Hand: desirable Lynne_Hand: purchase

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Lynne_Hand: adjoining Lynne_Hand: sum Lynne_Hand: intimacy Lynne_Hand: Abundance of civilities Lynne_Hand: worth Lynne_Hand: elegant Lynne_Hand: scruple Lynne_Hand: naturally Lynne_Hand: Mrs.

add   verb [I or T] to put something with something else to increase the number or amount or to improve the whole:If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.She's added a Picasso to her collection.Her colleagues' laughter only added to (= increased) her embarrassment.[+ that] She was sad, she said, but added (= said also) that she felt she had made the right de-cision.[+ speech] "Oh, and thank you for all your help!" he added as he was leaving.It's $45 - $50 if you add in (= include) the cost of postage.Don't forget to add on your travelling expenses/add your expenses on.

added adjectiveextra:He had the added disadvantage of being the only man present.She lost her job last week, and now added to that she's pregnant again.

intimacy       noun1 [U] when you have a close friendship or sexual relationship with someone:Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended.

2 [C usually plural] things which are said or done only by people who have a close relation-ship with each other:It was obvious from their witty intimacies that they had been good friends for many years.

Chapter 34, początek

demure      Hide phoneticsadjective(especially of women and children) quiet and well behaved:She gave him a demure smile.

demurely      Hide phoneticsadverbShe sat with her hands folded demurely in her lap.

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demureness      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]

heroic      Hide phoneticsadjective1 very brave or great:a heroic act/deed

2 INFORMAL If you make a heroic attempt or effort to do something, you try very hard to do it:Despite Roz's heroic efforts to liven it up, the party was a disaster.

heroically      Hide phoneticsadverbbravely or with a lot of effort:She fought heroically against the disease.

pretence, US USUALLY pretense  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people:She made absolutely no pretence of being interested.They kept up (= continued) a pretence of normality as long as they could.The army has given up any pretence of neutrality in the war.

loiter      Hide phoneticsverb [I] 1 to move slowly around or stand especially in a public place without an obvious reason:A gang of youths were loitering outside the cinema.

2 to go slowly, stopping often:Come straight home and don't loiter, Alan.

loiterer      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]

loitering      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] (US loitering with intent) LEGALthe offence of waiting in a place, looking as if you are going to do something illegal

conciliate   verb [I or T] to end a disagreement or someone's anger by acting in a friendly way or slightly changing your opinions, or to satisfy someone who disagrees with you by acting in this way:An independent adviser has been brought in to conciliate between the two sides involved in the conflict.These changes have been made in an attempt to conciliate critics of the plan.

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benignant adj.1. Favorable; beneficial.2. Kind and gracious.

auditor       noun [C]The external auditors come in once a year.

1. One that audits accounts.2. One who audits a course.3. One who hears; a listener.

2. auditor - a student who attends a course but does not take it for crediteducatee, pupil, student - a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

3. auditor - a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization

exhilarating       adjectivemaking you feel very excited and happy:an exhilarating walk in the mountains

outstay   verboutstay your welcome to continue to stay in a place although other people want you to leave:They were busy so I left - I didn't want to outstay my welcome.

But never did

Welcome to iVisit :-).NEWS:http://www.ivisit.com/en/iVisit_News_en.

Lynne_Hand: equally Lynne_Hand: mutually Lynne_Hand: equality vs equally Lynne_Hand: Harely st Lynne_Hand: disappointment not dis-appointment Lynne_Hand: formidable Poetria_1: apprehension is a false friend too Lynne_Hand: Hum, very pretty.

mutual   adjective(of two or more people or groups) feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to or for each other:Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.Both countries are acting to their mutual advantage.

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The agreement was terminated by mutual consent.

mutually   adverbIt will be a mutually beneficial project.Being rich and being a Socialist are not mutually exclusive (= they can exist together at the same time).

equal (SAME)   adjective the same in amount, number or size, or the same in importance and deserving the same treatment:All people are equal, deserving the same rights as each other.They've got a long way to go before they achieve equal pay/status for men and women.One litre is equal to 1.76 imperial pints.One box may look bigger than the other, but in fact they are roughly (= almost) equal in volume.

equal   noun [C]The good thing about her as a boss is that she treats us all as equals.Throughout her marriage she never considered her husband as her intellectual equal.As an all-round athlete he has no equal (= no-one else is as good).

equal   verb [L only + noun; T] -ll- or US USUALLY -l- Sixteen ounces equals one pound.We raised over $500 for charity last year and we're hoping to equal that this year.

equality       noun [U] the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment:equality between the sexesracial equality

formidable       adjectivecausing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because they are impressive, powerful or difficult:a formidable obstacle/taska formidable adversary/enemy/opponenta formidable intellectDISAPPROVING the director and his formidable wife

formidably       adverb

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heir       noun1 [C] a person who will legally receive money, property or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that other person dies:The guest of honour was the Romanoff heir to the throne of all Russia.Despite having a large family, they still had no son and heir.See also heiress.

air (GAS)       noun [U]the mixture of gases which surrounds the earth and which we breathe:I went outside to get some fresh air.You should put some air in your tyres - they look flat to me.See also airy (LIGHT); airy (NOT SERIOUS); airy (DELICATE).

heiress       noun [C]a woman or girl who will receive or already has received a lot of money, property or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that person dies:the heiress to the thronea Texan oil heiress

professedly adv soi-disant

connection - (usually plural) a person who is influential and to whom you are connected in some way (as by family or friendship); "he has powerful connections"plural, plural form - the form of a word that is used to denote more than oneacquaintance, friend - a person with whom you are acquainted; "I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances"; "we are friends of the family"

flatter      Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere:I knew he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow some money.

administer (GIVE)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] FORMAL 1 to cause someone to receive something:to administer medicine/punishment/reliefTests will be administered to schoolchildren at seven, twelve and sixteen years.FIGURATIVE The latest opinion polls have administered a severe blow to the party.

2 administer an oath to sb to be present while someone says an oath (= formal promise) officially

ample  Hide phoneticsadjective

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1 more than enough:You'll have ample opportunity to ask questions after the talk.There's ample evidence that the lawyer knew exactly what she was doing.They had ample warning of the factory closure.

2 HUMOROUS If the shape of someone's body or part of their body is ample, it is large:her ample bosomHis ample girth (= His big stomach) was clear evidence of his passion for food.

amply  Hide phoneticsadverbThey face a hard task, as yesterday's discussions amply (= clearly) demonstrated.

latter (END)      Hide phoneticsadjective [before noun]near or towards the end of something:Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year.In the latter stages of the fight he began to tire.

discontent  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] (ALSO discontentment)a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation:Discontent among junior ranks was rapidly spreading.There was widespread discontent at/about/over/with the plan.

discontented      Hide phoneticsadjective

discontentedly      Hide phoneticsadverb

congratulate  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to praise someone and say that you approve of or are pleased about a special or unusual achievement:I was just congratulating Ceri on winning/on having won her race.

proposition       noun1 [C] an offer or suggestion, usually in business:He wrote to me last week regarding a business proposition he thought might interest me.I've put my proposition to the company director for his consideration.

2 an idea or opinion:They were debating the proposition that 'All people are created equal'.

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misconstrue   verb [T] FORMAL to form a false understanding of the meaning or intention of something that someone does or says:She said Harris had misconstrued her comments.Their caution was misconstrued as cowardice.

mechanical (WITHOUT THOUGHT)   adjective (ALSO mechanistic) DISAPPROVINGwithout thinking about what you are doing, especially because you do something often:I was taught to read in a mechanical way.

mechanically   adverb (ALSO mechanistically)"Thank you, " replied the ticket collector mechanically as he took each ticket.

altogether       adverbcompletely or in total

occasion (PARTICULAR TIME)   noun [C]

punctual  Hide phoneticsadjectivearriving, doing something or happening at the expected, correct time; not late:a punctual start to the meetingHe's fairly punctual (= He usually arrives on time).

punctually  Hide phoneticsadverbThe meeting started punctually at 10.00 a.m.

punctuality      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]Punctuality has never been his strong point.

harp      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a large, wooden musical instrument with many strings that you play with the fingers

harpist      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a person who plays the harp

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violoncello      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] plural FORMAL violoncellosa cello

One's preference or wish: What is your pleasure?

excursive adj.Of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of digression.

charity n. pl. char·i·ties 1. Provision of help or relief to the poor; almsgiving.2. Something given to help the needy; alms.3. An institution, organization, or fund established to help the needy.4. Benevolence or generosity toward others or toward humanity.5. Indulgence or forbearance in judging others. See Synonyms at mercy.6. often Charity Christianity The theological virtue defined as love directed first toward God but also toward oneself and one's neighbors as objects of God's love.

approbation   noun [U] FORMALapproval or agreement, often given by an official group; praise:The council has finally indicated its approbation of the plans.

saloon (CAR) UK   noun [C] (US sedan)a car with seats for four or five people, two or four doors, and a separate section at the back for bags, boxes and cases:a family saloon

spacious   adjective APPROVINGlarge and with a lot of space:a spacious house/living roomspacious accommodation

requisite   adjective [before noun] FORMALnecessary; needed for a particular purpose:He lacked the requisite skills for the job.The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.

requisite   noun [C usually plural] FORMALan important necessary item:A good book is a requisite for long journeys.Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence.

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enfranchise   verb [T] FORMAL to give a person or group of people the right to vote in elections:Women in Britain were first enfranchised in 1918.

enfranchisement   noun [U] FORMAL

enfranchise tr.v. en·fran·chised, en·fran·chis·ing, en·fran·chis·es 1. To bestow a franchise on.2. To endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote.3. To free, as from bondage.

pacify (CALM)   verb [T] to cause someone who is angry or upset to be calm and satisfied:He pacified his crying child with a bottle.It was difficult for the police to pacify the angry crowd.

vouchsafe   verb [T] FORMAL to tell or give something to someone:He vouchsafed the information that the meeting had been postponed.

subdue       verb [T] to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing:The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it.He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression.

subdued       adjective1 If a colour or light is subdued, it is not very bright:subdued lighting

2 If a noise is subdued, it is not loud:subdued laughter/cheers

3 If a person is subdued, they are not as happy as usual or they are unusually quiet:He seemed a bit subdued at lunch - is he all right?

Welcome to iVisit :-).Lynne_Hand: We should ask Zorule. Lynne_Hand: People tell me it's friendlier up north too. Lynne_Hand: I was just reading about Haus Masimo in Rome. Lynne_Hand: http://www.villamassimo.de/de/history/zurgeschichte/index.html Lynne_Hand: idleness

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idleness noun [U]

Lynne_Hand: conciliation Lynne_Hand: effort

effort       noun 1 [C or U] physical or mental activity needed to achieve something:[+ to infinitive] If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.You can't expect to have any friends if you don't make any effort with people.In their efforts to reduce crime the government expanded the police force.He's jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for the football season.It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are so good that it's worth the effort.

2 [C] the result of an attempt to produce something, especially when its quality is low or un-certain:Do you want to have a look at his exam paper? It's a fairly poor effort.

effortless     adjective APPROVING seeming not to need any effort:When you watch her dance it looks so effortless.He was an actor of effortless charm.

Lynne_Hand: GAUCHERIE Lynne_Hand: mistake

mistake (WRONG ACTION)   noun [C] an action, decision or judgment which produces an unwanted or unintentional result:I'm not blaming you - we all make mistakes.[+ to infinitive] It was a mistake for us to come here tonight.This letter's full of spelling mistakes.I've discovered a few mistakes in your calculations.Why am I under arrest? There must be some mistake.

Lynne_Hand: know-it-all Poetria_1: flibberty-gibbet Lynne_Hand: malice

malice   noun [U]the wish to harm or upset other people:There certainly wasn't any malice in her comments.FORMAL I bear him no malice (= do not want to harm or upset him).

malicious   adjectiveintended to harm or upset other people:

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malicious gossipa malicious look in his eyesHe complained that he'd been receiving malicious telephone calls.LEGAL He was charged with malicious wounding.

maliciously   adverb

Lynne_Hand: A town called Alice Lynne_Hand: Nevil Shute Poetria_1: football fans ;) Lynne_Hand: A town called Malice. Lynne_Hand: shouting Poetria_1: crying is misleading Lynne_Hand: cheering

Początek charter 37

fuss (GIVE ATTENTION TO)   Show phoneticsverb [I] to give too much attention to small and unimportant matters, usually in a way which shows that you are anxious and not relaxed:Please, stop fussing - the food's cooking and there's nothing more to do until the guests arrive.It irritates me the way she's always fussing with her hair!

fuss   Show phoneticsnoun [U]attention given to small and unimportant matters:The article was entitled 'Making up with the minimum of fuss: a five-minute beauty routine that every busy woman should know'.

fret (WORRY)  Hide phoneticsverb [I] -tt- to be anxious or worried:Don't fret - I'm sure he's OK.She spent the day fretting about/over what she'd said to Nicky.

fretful  Hide phoneticsadjectiveBy midnight the children were tired and fretful (= complaining a lot because they were un-happy).

fretfully   adverb

pimple  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a small raised spot on the skin which is temporary

pimply    Hide phoneticsadjective (ALSO pimpled)

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a pimply facea pimply adolescent boy

smirk      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] DISAPPROVINGa smile that expresses satisfaction or pleasure about having done something or knowing some-thing which is not known by someone else:"Maybe your husband does things that you don't know about, " he said with a smirk."I told you it would end in disaster, " said Polly with a self-satisfied smirk on her face.

smirk      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] DISAPPROVING I don't like the way he winks and smirks at me whenever he sees me.He smirked his way through the interview.

simper      Hide phoneticsverb [I] to smile in a foolish or silly way:She gave her teacher a simpering smile.

simper      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]

the long and the short of it INFORMALsaid when you want to explain the general situation without giving details:The long and the short of it is that they are willing to start the work in January.

conjure      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] to make something appear by magic, or as if by magic:In an instant, the magician had conjured (up) a white dove from his hat.

conjurer, conjuror      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a person who performs magic to entertain people

dream  Hide phoneticsverb [I] dreamed or dreamt, dreamed or dreamt to imagine something that you would like to happen:I dream of living on a tropical island.[+ that] He never dreamed that one day he would become President.

uproar      Hide phoneticsnoun [S or U]when a lot of people complain about something angrily:The book caused an uproar in France.The whole hall was in uproar after the announcement.

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uproarious      Hide phoneticsadjective1 extremely noisy and confused:an uproarious debate

2 extremely amusing:It's a very amusing play with an uproarious final act.

uproariously      Hide phoneticsadverbThey laughed uproariously.

for all I care INFORMALused to say that you are not interested in or worried about what someone else is doing:You can go to the match with Paula, for all I care.

to-do  Hide phoneticsnoun [S] INFORMALdifficulty or trouble, usually which is more than the situation deserves:What a to-do that was, getting my passport renewed at the consulate!

of late FORMALrecently:We haven't spoken of late.

un·de·ceive tr.v. un·de·ceived, un·de·ceiv·ing, un·de·ceives To free from illusion or deception.

practicable  Hide phoneticsadjective FORMAL able to be done or put into action:The troops will be brought home as soon as practicable.It is not practicable to complete the tunnel before the end of the year.NOTE: The opposite is impracticable.

practicability      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALMany people have expressed serious doubts about the practicability of the proposed schedule for next year.

comforter US      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] (UK duvet)a large soft flat bag filled with feathers or artificial material used on a bed

impetuous  Hide phoneticsadjective1 tending to act on a sudden idea or wish, without considering the results of your actions:

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He's so impetuous - why can't he think things over before he rushes into them?

2 An impetuous word or action is said or done suddenly, without considering the likely res-ults:The Prime Minister may now be regretting her impetuous promise to reduce unemployment by half.

break in (INTERRUPT) phrasal verbto interrupt when someone else is talking:As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, "That's a lie".

combat      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C or U] a fight, especially during a war:There was fierce combat between the two sides.No one knew how many troops had died in combat.The soldiers were engaged in hand-to-hand combat.armed combat (= fighting with weapons)unarmed combat (= fighting without weapons)

2 [C] a fight between two people or things:The film explores the combat between good and evil.

combat      Hide phoneticsverb [T] -tt- or -t- to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing:to combat crime/terrorism/inflation/diseaseThe government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse.I have to combat this constant desire to eat chocolate.

trust  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] the belief that you can trust someone or something:a relationship based on trust and understandingWe were obviously wrong to put our trust in her.He's in a position of trust (= a position with responsibilities, esp. to the public).

November      Hide phonetics

materially      Hide phoneticsadverb FORMALEven if mistakes were made in the counting, they wouldn't have materially affected the results (= affected them in an important way).See also materially at material (PHYSICAL SUBSTANCE).

harbour (HAVE IN MIND) UK, US harbor      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to have in mind a thought or feeling, usually over a long period:He's been harbouring a grudge against her ever since his promotion was refused.

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There are those who harbour suspicions about his motives.Powell remains non-committal about any political ambitions he may harbour.

contend (COMPETE)  Hide phoneticsverb [I] to compete in order to win something:There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title.He's contending against someone with twice his experience.

console (COMFORT)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy:He tried to console her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.I tried to console her with a box of chocolates.I was consoling Liz on having broken up with her boyfriend.

consolation      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]If it's (of) any consolation (to you), you're not the only one he was rude to.I didn't know what to say - I just offered a few words of consolation.

consolatory      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALa consolatory remark

barbarous      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALdescribes behaviour that is extremely cruel or unpleasant, or fails to reach acceptable social standards:His murder was an outrageous and barbarous act.How can they forgive such barbarous behaviour?

caress  Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] to touch or kiss someone in a gentle and loving way:Gently he caressed her cheek.

caress  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]

diminution       noun [C or U] FORMALRegular exercise can result in a general diminution in stress levels.The company suffered a diminution in profits.

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cordiality       noun [U]

discreet   adjectivecareful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret:The family made discreet enquiries about his background.They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn't go shouting to the press about anything they discovered while working for you.NOTE: Do not confuse with discrete.

spasm   noun [C or U]1 a sudden uncontrollable tightening of a muscle:a muscle/muscular spasmMAINLY UK My leg suddenly went into spasm.

2 spasm of sth a short period of something, especially something uncontrollable:a spasm of guilt/coughing/laughing

heroism      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]great bravery:an act of heroism

aspect (APPEARANCE)  Hide phoneticsnoun [S] FORMAL the appearance or visual effect of a place, or the expression on a person's face:The glasses and the beard lend him a rather scholarly aspect.

assent  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALofficial agreement to or approval of an idea, plan or request:Once the directors have given their assent to the proposal we can begin.She nodded her assent to the proposal.UK Before an Act of Parliament can become law, it needs to receive Royal Assent (= an official signature) from the monarch.Compare dissent.

assent  Hide phoneticsverb [I] FORMAL Have they assented to (= agreed to) the terms of the contract?

weather (DEAL WITH)      Hide phoneticsverb [T]

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to deal successfully with a difficult situation or a problem:As a small new company they did well to weather the recession.

overcome (DEAL WITH)      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] overcame, overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something:Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling match.to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistanceEventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class.Twenty thousand demonstrators sang "We shall overcome" as they marched through Washington today.

1. apprehend - get the meaning of something; "Do you comprehend the meaning of this letter?"comprehend, get the picture, grok, savvy, grasp, compass, digunderstand - know and comprehend the nature or meaning of; "She did not understand her husband"; "I understand what she means"figure - understand; "He didn't figure her"catch on, cotton on, get it, get onto, get wise, twig, latch on, tumble - understand, usually after some initial difficulty; "She didn't know what her classmates were plotting but finally caught on"intuit - know or grasp by intuition or feelingdigest - arrange and integrate in the mind; "I cannot digest all this information"

2. apprehend - take into custody; "the police nabbed the suspected criminals"arrest, collar, cop, nab, nail, pick upclutch, prehend, seize - take hold of; grab; "The sales clerk quickly seized the money on the counter"; "She clutched her purse"; "The mother seized her child by the arm"; "Birds of prey often seize small mammals"

3. apprehend - anticipate with dread or anxietyquail atlook for, look to, anticipate - be excited or anxious about

break- 14. To make known, as news: break a story.

agony  Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]extreme physical or mental pain or suffering:She lay there screaming in agony.I was in an agony of suspense.We've both suffered agonies of guilt over what happened.

ensue      Hide phoneticsverb [I] FORMAL to happen after something else, especially as a result of it:The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued.

penury      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALthe state of being extremely poor

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obstinacy      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]

forbear (STOP YOURSELF)      Hide phoneticsverb [I] forbore, forborne FORMAL to prevent yourself from saying or doing something, especially in a way that shows control, good judgment or kindness to others:His plan was such a success that even his original critics could scarcely forbear from congratulating him.The doctor said she was optimistic about the outcome of the operation but forbore to make any promises at this early stage.

rascal      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 a person, especially a child or a man, who does things of which you disapprove, but whom you still like:I caught those little/young rascals dressing up in my clothes.What's that old rascal been up to now?

2 OLD USE a dishonest person

offend  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to make someone upset or angry:[+ that] I think she was a bit offended that she hadn't been invited to the party.He looked a bit offended when you called him middle-aged.If the sight of a few dirty dishes offends you, then I think you've got problems!

reflect on sb/sth phrasal verbto affect other people's opinion of someone or something, especially in a bad way:When one player behaves disgracefully, it reflects (badly) on the whole team.The whole affair does not reflect well on the government.

conscientious      Hide phoneticsadjectiveputting a lot of effort into your work:a conscientious student

lot (CHANCE)      Hide phoneticsnoundraw lots to make a decision by choosing from a set of objects such as pieces of paper or sticks that are all the same except for one

5. lot - anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random; "the luck of the draw"; "they drew lots for it"drawobject, physical object - a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"

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wring verb [T] wrung, wrung 1 to hold something tightly with both hands and twist it by turning your hands in opposite directions

2 (ALSO wring out) to twist a cloth or piece of clothing with your hands to remove water from it:She wrung out the shirt and hung it out to dry.

6. To cause distress to; affect with painful emotion: a tale that wrings the heart.

rupture      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 when something bursts, breaks or tears:a rupture of the pipelineFIGURATIVE a rupture (= an end to a friendly relationship) between the families

affluent  Hide phoneticsadjectivehaving a lot of money or owning a lot of things; rich:affluent nations/neighbourhoods

affluence  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence and public squalor.

talk sth over phrasal verb [M]to discuss a problem or situation with someone, often to find out their opinion or to get advice before making a decision about it:I'd like to talk it over with my wife first.

Welcome to iVisit :-).Lynne_Hand: A street party. Poetria_1: oh yes street party or event simply

celebrationLynne_Hand: Summer's Eve http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=778306&pageno=155 Poetria_1: scorching Lynne_Hand: period

per iod (TIME)       noun [C]1 a length of time:Her work means that she spends long periods away from home.Unemployment in the first half of 1993 was 2% lower than in the same period the year before.Fifteen people were killed in/over a period of four days.

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The study will be carried out over a six-month period.

2 in school, a division of time in the day when a subject is taught:We have six periods of science a week.

3 a fixed time during the life of a person or in history:Most teenagers go through a rebellious period.The house was built during the Elizabethan period.

Lynne_Hand: impartiality

impartiality       noun [U]The state must ensure the independence and impartiality of the justice system.

Lynne_Hand: hardly Poetria_1: English desease? Lynne_Hand: lump

hardly (ONLY JUST)       adverb only just; almost not:I could hardly hear her at the back.The party had hardly started when she left.He hardly ate anything/He ate hardly anything.We hardly ever (= almost never) go to concerts.Hardly had a moment passed before the door creaked open.

lump (PIECE)   - guznoun [C]1 a piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape:a lump of coala sugar lumpYou don't want lumps in the sauce.

2 INFORMAL a separate large amount:I'll be getting the insurance money in two lumps.

3 a hard swelling found in or on the body, especially because of illness or injury:She found a lump in her breast.

Lynne_Hand: That's what worries me. Lynne_Hand: If the nodes on the neck swell it can mean all kinds of things.

node (LUMP)       noun [C] SPECIALIZEDa lump or swelling on or in a living object:a lymph node

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pus   noun [U]thick yellowish liquid that forms in and comes from an infected cut or injury in the body:a pus-filled wound

Początek roz. 38

glory in sth phrasal verb to feel or show great pride and happiness about something:He is still glorying in the success of his first Hollywood film.She glories in the fact that she's much better qualified than her sister.

integrity (HONESTY)       noun [U] APPROVINGthe quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change:No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.

offence (UPSET FEELINGS), US USUALLY offense  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] upset and hurt feelings or feelings of annoyance, often because someone has been rude or shown a lack of respect:I really didn't mean (to cause/give) any offence (= did not intend to upset anyone) - I was just stating my opinion.Do you think he took offence (= was upset) at what I said about his hair?INFORMAL If you don't mind, I'd rather go on my own - no offence (intended), but I think it would be better.

offend  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to make someone upset or angry:[+ that] I think she was a bit offended that she hadn't been invited to the party.He looked a bit offended when you called him middle-aged.If the sight of a few dirty dishes offends you, then I think you've got problems!

fix up sb/sth or fix sb/sth up

to provide or arrange something for someone 

Could you fix us up with a place to stay for a few nights? [often + with]

If I still haven't found anyone to take to the dance, Paul said he'd be able to fix me up. (= find a suitable partner for me)

assure (SAY WITH CERTAINTY)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry:The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company.[+ speech] "Don't worry, your car will be ready tomorrow, " the mechanic assured him.

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[+ (that)] She assured him (that) the car would be ready the next day.The Prime Minister assured the electorate (that) taxes would not be increased after the elec-tion.You can rest assured (= feel confident) that I shall be there as promised.

assurance      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C] a promise:[+ (that)] She gave me her assurance (that) she would post the cheque immediately.Despite the Government's repeated assurances to the contrary, taxation has risen over the past decade.

2 [U] confidence:He spoke with calm assurance.

assured       adjective (ALSO self-assured)showing skill and confidence:an assured performance

sure       adjective1 certain; without any doubt:

comparison      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] when two or more people or things are compared:They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.

penitent  Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALfeeling or showing regret for something you have done because you feel it was wrong:"I'm sorry, " she said with a penitent smile.It was hard to be angry with him when he looked so penitent.

penitence  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]

torture      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [U] the act of causing great physical or mental pain in order to persuade someone to do something or to give information, or as an act of cruelty to a person or animal:Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation.He revealed the secret under torture.

2 [C or U] INFORMAL a very unpleasant experience:The rush-hour traffic was sheer torture as usual.

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exert (USE)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen:If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision.Some managers exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.

exertion      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]

necessarily  Hide phoneticsadverb used in negatives to mean 'in every case' or 'therefore':The fact that something is cheap doesn't necessarily mean it's of low quality.You may love someone without necessarily wanting to marry them.That's not necessarily true.

accost      Hide phoneticsverb [T often passive] FORMAL to approach or stop and speak to someone in a threatening way:I'm usually accosted by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station.

vow  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to make a determined decision or promise to do something:[+ (that)] The guerillas vowed (that) they would overthrow the government.[+ to infinitive] After the awful meals we had last Christmas, I vowed to do more of the cooking myself.

vow  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a serious promise or decision:[+ to infinitive] She took/made a vow never to lend money to anyone again.

bow (KNOT)     noun [C]a knot with two curved parts and two loose ends which is used as a decoration or to tie shoes:I tied the ribbon around the parcel in a pretty bow.

assure (SAY WITH CERTAINTY)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry:The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company.[+ speech] "Don't worry, your car will be ready tomorrow, " the mechanic assured him.[+ (that)] She assured him (that) the car would be ready the next day.The Prime Minister assured the electorate (that) taxes would not be increased after the

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election.You can rest assured (= feel confident) that I shall be there as promised.

Come to the point –

Definition: be direct; say the most important thing in a discussion

Explanation: Often used when announcing that you are about to say the most important thing in your presentation.

Examples: Coming to the point, I'd like to say that we are interested in opening a new account in Greensville. - I wish he would come to the point so I could go home!

get on (sth)to go onto a bus, train, aircraft, or boat 

I got on the wrong bus and ended up horribly lost.

I got on (= I went onto the train) at Clapham Junction.

The plane was almost full by the time I got on.

get the better of sb1 to defeat someone in a competition:He fought fiercely, but his opponent easily got the better of him.

2 If a feeling gets the better of you, you cannot stop yourself from allowing that feeling to make you do something, despite knowing that what you are doing is wrong:Her curiosity got the better of her and she opened the door and peeped inside.

1. get the better of - win a victory over; "You must overcome all difficulties"; "defeat your enemies"; "He overcame his shyness"; "He overcame his infirmity"; "Her anger got the better of her and she blew up"defeat, overcomedemolish, destroy - defeat soundly; "The home team demolished the visitors"beat, beat out, vanquish, trounce, crush, shell - come out better in a competition, race, or conflict; "Agassi beat Becker in the tennis championship"; "We beat the competition"; "Harvard defeated Yale in the last football game"wallop - defeat soundly and utterly; "We'll wallop them!"down - bring down or defeat (an opponent)overrun - seize the position of and defeat; "the Crusaders overran much of the Holy Land"skunk, lurch - defeat by a lurchrout, rout out, expel - cause to flee; "rout out the fighters from their caves"upset - defeat suddenly and unexpectedly; "The foreign team upset the local team"nose - defeat by a narrow marginconquer - overcome by conquest; "conquer your fears"; "conquer a country"make it, pull round, pull through, survive, come through - continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); "He survived the cancer against all odds"

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curate      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a priest of the lowest rank, especially in the Church of England, whose job is to help the vicar (= priest of a particular church area)

curacy      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a job or period of time as a curate:He's got a curacy in the North of England.

shift for yourself old-fashioned, informalto look after yourself without help from anyone else 

Well, if I'm away for a few days he'll just have to shift for himself.

put sth on (COVER BODY) phrasal verb [M]to cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up or something similar:Put your shoes on - we're going out.He put on his jacket.She puts face cream on every night.

make no bones about sthnot to try to hide your feelings:He made no bones about his dissatisfaction with the service.

chariot      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a two-wheeled vehicle that was used in ancient times for racing and fighting and was pulled by a horse

charioteer      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a person who drives a chariot

Huswife n. 1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman.The huswife is she that do labor doth fall.

- Tusser.

light on/upon sth phrasal verb FORMALto find or think of something unexpectedly:We lighted upon the solution entirely by accident.

1. light upon - find unexpectedly; "the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb"; "she struck a goldmine"; "The hikers finally struck the main path to the lake"

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chance on, chance upon, come across, come upon, fall upon, happen upon, attain, discover, strikeregain, find - come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost; "Did you find your glasses?"; "I cannot find my gloves!"

bout (BRIEF PERIOD)  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a brief period of illness or involvement in an activity:She had a bout of flu over Christmas.He suffered from periodic bouts of insanity.a drinking bout (= brief period of drinking a lot of alcohol)

muslin  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]a very thin cotton material:A 19th-century painting of a girl in a muslin dress hung on the wall.The soured milk is strained through muslin to leave a soft ball of cheese ready to be shaped.

pre·fer·ment n.1. The act of advancing to a higher position or office; promotion.2. A position, appointment, or rank giving advancement, as of profit or prestige.3. The act of preferring or the state of being preferred.

ordain (CHURCH)      Hide phoneticsverb [T often passive] to officially make someone a priest or other religious leader, in a religious ceremony:He was ordained (as) a priest in Oxford cathedral in 1987.

ordination      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]the act or ceremony of making someone a priest or other religious leader

accomplish      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to finish something successfully or to achieve something:The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.She accomplished such a lot during her visit.I feel as if I've accomplished nothing since I left my job.

accomplishment      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C] something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort:Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment.See also accomplishment at accomplished.

2 [U] the completion of something:We celebrated the successful accomplishment of our task

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hostess      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 a woman who has guests

2 a woman who entertains customers, especially men, at a nightclub

eligible  Hide phoneticsadjective1 having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the necessary conditions:Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave?You might be eligible for a grant.Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.

2 describes someone who is not married and is desirable as a marriage partner, especially because they are rich and attractive:I can think of several eligible bachelors of my acquaintance.

auspicious      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALsuggesting a positive and successful future:They won their first match of the season 5-1 which was an auspicious start/beginning.Our first meeting was not auspicious - we had a huge argument.

auspiciously      Hide phoneticsadverb FORMAL

triumph  Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]a very great success, achievement or victory, or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this:The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity.The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the Prime Minister.It was the Republican Party's third election triumph in a row.The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs.The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy.The match ended in triumph for the French team.He returned in triumph from the sales with a half-price stereo system.

triumph  Hide phoneticsverb [I] I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil.The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections.

triumphal  Hide phoneticsadjectivedescribes something that celebrates a great victory or success:Shortly after his triumphal entry into Havana in January 1959, Castro spoke on television for seven hours without a break.

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Her popularity has declined since her triumphal return from exile two years ago.

triumphalism  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] DISAPPROVINGwhen you obtain pleasure and satisfaction from the defeat of someone else:There wasn't a hint of triumphalism in her acceptance speech at the awards ceremony.

triumphalist  Hide phoneticsadjective, noun [C] DISAPPROVINGa triumphalist victory parade

triumphant  Hide phoneticsadjectivehaving achieved a great victory or success, or feeling very happy and proud because of such an achievement:It seemed as though the whole city had turned out for their team's triumphant homecoming.She emerged triumphant from the court after all the charges against her were dropped because of a lack of evidence.She made a triumphant return to the stage after several years working in television.

triumphantly  Hide phoneticsadverbBob triumphantly announced his promotion.

concur      Hide phoneticsverb [I] -rr- FORMAL 1 to agree with someone or have the same opinion as someone else:The new report concurs with previous findings.[+ that] The board concurred that the editor should have full control over editorial matters.[+ speech] "I think you're absolutely right, " concurred Chris.

2 If two or more events concur, they happen at the same time.

concurrence      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALwhen people, things or events concur

concurrence Noun1. agreement 2. simultaneous occurrence

confirm (MAKE CERTAIN)      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing:[+ that] Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven't replied yet.Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.

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I've accepted the job over the phone, but I haven't confirmed in writing yet.

confirmation      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] a statement, often written, that an arrangement or meeting is certain:a letter of confirmationWe've only had five confirmations for the conference so far.We will send you written confirmation of our offer shortly.

draw sth up (PREPARE) phrasal verb [M]to prepare something, usually something official, in writing:I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.

ennui       noun [U] LITERARYa feeling of boredom and mental tiredness caused by having nothing interesting or exciting to do:The whole country seems to be affected by the ennui of winter.

expedite  Hide phoneticsverb [T] FORMAL to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry:Something needs to be done to expedite the process.

expedition  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALspeed in doing something:We will deal with your order with the greatest possible expedition.

expeditious  Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALquick:The bank was expeditious in replying to my letter.

expeditiously  Hide phoneticsadverb FORMAL

print (PATTERN)  Hide phoneticsnoun [C] any type of pattern produced using ink on a piece of clothing:a floral/paisley print

print  Hide phoneticsverb [T]

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to produce a pattern on material or paper:The designs are printed onto the fabric by hand.

intent (CONCENTRATING)  Hide phoneticsadjectivegiving all your attention to something:an intent stareShe had an intent look on her face.See also intent at intend.

intently  Hide phoneticsadverbThe child stared intently at her.

interval (SPACE)      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 a period between two events or times, or the space between two points:We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month.There's often a long interval between an author completing a book and it appearing in the shops.

commend  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to formally praise someone or something:The judge commended her for/on her bravery.For a low-budget film, it has much to commend it (= it deserves praise).It says on the back cover of the book 'highly commended'.

ejaculate (SAY)  Hide phoneticsverb [T] OLD-FASHIONED OR HUMOROUS to shout or say something suddenly, sometimes unexpectedly:[+ speech] "You've got my umbrella!" he ejaculated.

ejaculation  Hide phoneticsnoun [C] OLD-FASHIONED OR HUMOROUS

sang-froid [sahng-frwah] Nouncomposure and calmness in a difficult situation [French, literally: cold blood]

persevere      Hide phoneticsverb [I] MAINLY APPROVING

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to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems:It looks as if the policy will be a success, providing that the government perseveres and does not give in to its critics.The education director is persevering in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school.Despite receiving little support, the women are persevering with their crusade to fight crime.

fix on sth/sbto decide to choose something or someone 

We haven't fixed on a hotel yet for our wedding reception.

bestow      Hide phoneticsverb [T often passive] FORMAL to give something as an honour or present:The Chancellorship of the University was bestowed upon her in 1992.The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed on British civilians for acts of great bravery.

bestowal      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALHer father's blessing represented a bestowal of consent upon her forthcoming marriage.

office (RESPONSIBILITY)      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] a position of authority and responsibility in a government or other organization:the office of vice-presidentAs chairman of the association, he held office for over twenty years.The socialist party have been in office (= governing)/out of office (= not governing) for almost ten years.She's held various offices during her time as a minister.

make light of sthto behave as if a situation, especially a problem, is not serious or important:It is easy to make light of other people's problems.

Interest - 4. Involvement with or participation in something: She has an interest in the quality of her education.

principal - most important element; "the chief aim of living"; "the main doors were of solid glass"; "the principal rivers of America"; "the principal example"; "policemen were primary targets"; "the master bedroom"; "a master switch"

Welcome to iVisit :-).

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Lynne_Hand: closet Lynne_Hand: No. (Short for number) Lynne_Hand: choose Lynne_Hand: following Lynne_Hand: per annum / pa Lynne_Hand: A comedy of errors. :-) Lynne_Hand: appearance Lynne_Hand: determining

per annum   adverb FORMALevery year a salary of $19,000 per annum

closet (CUPBOARD)       noun [C] MAINLY USa cupboard or a small room with a door, used for storing things, especially clothes:a bedroom/linen/storage closet

closet       adjective [before noun]describes a belief, activity or feeling which is kept secret from the public, usually because you are frightened of the results of it becoming known:a closet alcoholic/homosexualDole portrayed the president in campaign speeches as a 'closet liberal'.

following       adjectivefollowing wind a wind which is blowing in the same direction as the one in which you are going

determine   verb [T] 1 FIND to discover the facts or truth about something [+ question word] The doctors are still unable to determine what is wrong.

2 DECIDE to decide what will happen [+ question word] Her exam results will determine which university she goes to.

appearance   noun 1 IN PUBLIC [C] an occasion when someone appears in public a television/public appearance He made two appearances during his brief visit.

Main Entry:hus·band

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Etymology:Middle English husbonde, from Old English hūsbonda master of a house, from Old Norse hūsbōndi, from hūs house + bōndi householder; akin to Old Norse būa to inhabit; akin to Old English būan to dwell — more at bowerDate:13th century

Establish all your views of happiness

owe (AS A RESULT)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to have success, happiness, a job, etc. only because of what someone has given you or done for you or because of your own efforts:I owe my success to my education.He owes his life to the staff at the hospital.I owe everything (= I am very grateful) to my parents.

oratory      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALskilful and effective public speaking:The prime minister has a reputation for powerful oratory.

orator      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] FORMALa skilled orator

oratorical      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALoratorical skill

solicit  Hide phoneticsverb 1 [T] FORMAL to ask someone for money, information or help:to solicit donations for a charityIt is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts or money in exchange for favours.

2 [I] to offer sex for money, usually in a public place

solicitation  Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] FORMAL

benefactor      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] (FEMALE ALSO benefactress)someone who gives money to help an organization, society or person

parsonage      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] OLD-FASHIONEDa house that was built for a parson

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befall      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] befell, befallen OLD USE If something bad or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you:Should any harm befall me on my journey, you may open this letter.

discontent  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] (ALSO discontentment)a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation:Discontent among junior ranks was rapidly spreading.There was widespread discontent at/about/over/with the plan.

conjecture      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U](the forming of) a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof:There's been a lot of conjecture in the papers recently about the royal marriage.

ebullition n.1. The state or process of boiling.2. A sudden, violent outpouring, as of emotion: "did not . . . give way to any ebullitions of private grief" Thackeray.

ninny  Hide phoneticsnoun [C] OLD-FASHIONED INFORMALa foolish person

backward      Hide phoneticsadjectivenot advanced:When he was a child, his teachers thought he was backward (= unable to learn as much as most children).People still think of it as a backward country/region/area (= one without industry or modern machines).See also backward at backwards.

backwardness      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]They were accused of backwardness (= very old-fashioned ways) because they had no washing machine.

worship (ADMIRATION)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] -pp- or US ALSO -p- to love, respect and admire someone or something greatly, often without being aware of their bad qualities:Her parents worship her.As a child, I worshipped my older brother.

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tithe (t)n.1. a. A tenth part of one's annual income contributed voluntarily or due as a tax, especially for the support of the clergy or church.b. The institution or obligation of paying tithes.2. A tax or assessment of one tenth.3. a. A tenth part.b. A very small part.v. tithed, tith·ing, tithes v.tr.1. To contribute or pay a tenth part of (one's annual income).2. To levy a tithe on.v.intr.To pay a tithe.

concern (WORRY)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to cause anxiety to someone:The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.[+ that] It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.

concern      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] 1 a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.[+ that] My concern is that you're not getting enough work done.

2 something that is important to you, or when something is important:[+ to infinitive] His concern to appear sophisticated amused everyone.The company's sole concern is to ensure the safety of its employees.There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you.

oblige (FORCE)  Hide phoneticsverb [T + object + to infinitive] (MAINLY US OR FORMAL obligate) to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something:The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.Sellers are not legally obliged to accept the highest offer.

obligation      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C or U] when you are obliged to do something:[+ to infinitive] If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money.You have a legal obligation to (= The law says you must) ensure your child receives a proper education.

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2 [C] something that you must do:I haven't got time to do his work for him - I've got too many obligations as it is.

obligatory      Hide phoneticsadjective1 describes something you must do because of a rule or law, etc:The medical examination before you start work is obligatory.[+ to infinitive] The statute made it obligatory for all fit males between 12 and 60 to work.

2 expected because it usually happens:Some secret service agents turned up, all wearing the obligatory raincoat and hat.

content  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to make someone content:You're quite easily contented, aren't you?My explanation seemed to content him.

affront  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone:He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity.

affront  Hide phoneticsverb [T usually passive] FORMAL I was most affronted by his comments.an affronted look/glance

vacate    Hide phoneticsverb [T] FORMAL to leave a room, building, chair, etc. so that it is available for other people:Hotel guests are requested to vacate their rooms by twelve noon.Denis vacates his post/job at the end of the week.

improvident      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALspending money in a way that is not sensible, and/or not planning carefully for the future

improvidence      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMAL

concerned      Hide phoneticsadjective [after verb]involved in something or affected by it:I'd like to thank everyone concerned for making the occasion run so smoothly.It was quite a shock for all/everyone concerned.Her job is something concerned with computers.

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I'm not very good where money is concerned (= when dealing with money).

concerning      Hide phoneticspreposition SLIGHTLY FORMALabout:I've had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.

convince  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to persuade someone or make them certain:He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.[+ (that)] It's useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn't need to lose any weight.[+ to infinitive] I hope this will convince you to change your mind.

convinced  Hide phoneticsadjective 1 certain:My boyfriend says I'd enjoy a walking holiday, but I'm not convinced.[+ (that)] I'm convinced (that) she is lying.

2 certain of your beliefs:a convinced Christian/atheista convinced socialist

contradict      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] (of people) to state the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong:If you're both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don't contradict each other![R] He kept contradicting himself when we were arguing - I think he was a bit confused.How dare you contradict (me)!Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject.

convey (COMMUNICATE)  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to express a thought, feeling or idea so that it is understood by other people:His poetry conveys a great sense of religious devotion.If you see James, do convey my apologies (to him).[+ question word] I tried to convey in my speech how grateful we all were for his help.You don't want to convey the impression that we're not interested.

observe (NOTICE)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] FORMAL to notice or see:Jack observed a look of anxiety on his brother's face.[+ question word] The guards failed to observe who delivered the package.[+ that] In all these films one observes that directors are taking a new interest in Native American culture.[+ infinitive without to] A teacher observed her climb over the gate.

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observable      Hide phoneticsadjectiveThere's no observable connection between the two events.

observably      Hide phoneticsadverb

observant      Hide phoneticsadjective APPROVINGgood or quick at noticing things:"That's a new dress, isn't it?" "Yes, you are observant!"

observation      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]when you notice or see something:She has remarkable powers of observation (= is very good at noticing things).

impoverished      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMAL1 very poor:She's going out with an impoverished young actor.

2 weakened or made worse in quality:He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society.

impoverish      Hide phoneticsverb [T] FORMAL Excessive farming had impoverished the soil.

intent  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMAL when you want and plan to do something:I spent half the morning on the phone, which wasn't really my intent.[+ to infinitive] It was not his intent to hurt anyone.LEGAL She was charged with possessing weapons with intent to endanger life.

awful (VERY GREAT)      Hide phoneticsadjective [before noun]very great:I don't know an awful lot (= very much) about art, but I'm learning.Fortunately it won't make an awful lot of difference if I don't pass the test.It was an awful risk to take.

awfully      Hide phoneticsadverb (US INFORMAL ALSO awful)very or extremely, when used before an adjective or adverb:

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It's an awfully long time since we last saw each other.I'm awfully sorry, but we've forgotten to reserve you a table.

comparison      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] when two or more people or things are compared:They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.By/In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.

compound (WORSEN)  Hide phoneticsverb [T often passive] to make a problem or difficult situation worse:Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched.His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.Severe drought has compounded food shortages in the region.

inquisitive      Hide phoneticsadjectivewanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people:an inquisitive childan inquisitive mindShe could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows next door.

immoderate      Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALtoo much or many, or more than is usual or reasonable:immoderate drinkingimmoderate demands

immoderately      Hide phoneticsadverb FORMAL

surplice      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] SPECIALIZEDa white, loose piece of clothing, which is worn over other clothing during religious ceremonies by some Christian priests and members of groups who sing in churches

ban  Hide phoneticsverb [T usually passive] -nn- to forbid, especially officially:The film was banned (= the government prevented it from being shown) in several countries.[+ from + ing form of verb] She was banned from driving for two years.

ban  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]There should be a ban on talking loudly in cinemas (= an order preventing this).

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The banns of marriage, commonly known simply as "the banns", (from an Old English word meaning "to summon") are the public announcement in a parish church that a marriage is going to take place between two specified persons.

The purpose of banns is to enable anyone to raise any legal impediment to it, so as to prevent marriages that are legally invalid, either under canon law or under civil law. Impediments vary between legal jurisdictions, but would normally include a pre-existing marriage (having been neither dissolved nor annulled), a vow of celibacy, lack of consent, or the couple's being related within the prohibited degrees of kinship.

considerable      Hide phoneticsadjective large or of noticeable importance:The fire caused considerable damage to the church.

considerably      Hide phoneticsadverb He's considerably fatter than he was when I knew him.

lengthen  Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] 1 to make something longer, or to become longer:I'll have to lengthen this skirt.lengthening waiting listsNOTE: The opposite is shorten.

2 If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen:There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years.

captivate  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, charming or attractive:With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere.

captivating      Hide phoneticsadjectivea captivating performance

hit on/upon sth (DISCOVER) phrasal verbto think of an idea unexpectedly or unintentionally, especially one that solves a problem:When we first hit on the idea, everyone told us it would never work.

enamoured UK, US enamored      Hide phoneticsadjective [after verb] FORMALliking a lot:I have to say I'm not exactly enamoured with/of this part of the country.

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expeditious  Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALquick:The bank was expeditious in replying to my letter.

expeditiously  Hide phoneticsadverb FORMAL

accent (PRONUNCIATION)  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]the way in which people in a particular area, country or social group pronounce words:He's got a strong French/Scottish accent.She's French but she speaks with an impeccable English accent.He speaks with a broad/heavy/strong/thick Yorkshire accent.I thought I could detect a slight West Country accent.

forward (DIRECTION)      Hide phoneticsadverb (ALSO forwards)towards the direction that is in front of you:She leaned forward to whisper something in my ear.

confirm (MAKE CERTAIN)      Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing:[+ that] Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven't replied yet.Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.I've accepted the job over the phone, but I haven't confirmed in writing yet.

confirmation      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U] a statement, often written, that an arrangement or meeting is certain:a letter of confirmationWe've only had five confirmations for the conference so far.We will send you written confirmation of our offer shortly.

spacious  Hide phoneticsadjective APPROVINGlarge and with a lot of space:a spacious house/living roomspacious accommodation

gravel  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]small rounded stones, often mixed with sand:a gravel path

gravelled, US USUALLY graveled  Hide phonetics

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adjective

gravelly  Hide phoneticsadjectivegravelly soil

plantation        Hide phoneticsnoun [C] 1 a large farm, especially in a hot part of the world, on which a particular type of crop is grown:a tea/cotton/rubber plantation

2 an area where trees are grown for wood:plantations of fast-growing conifers

timber      Hide phoneticsnoun1 [U] trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building:a timber forestThese trees are being grown for timber.

2 [U] UK (US lumber) wood used for building:a timber merchant

3 [C] a long piece of wood used for building, especially houses and ships:roof timbersa timber-framed building

fir (tree)      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a tall evergreen tree that grows in cold countries and has needle-like leaves

ash (TREE)  Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C] a forest tree which has a smooth grey bark, small greenish flowers and seeds shaped like wings

2 [U] the wood from an ash

acacia  Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]a tree from warm parts of the world which has small leaves and yellow or white flowers

intersperse      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to mix one thing in with another in an irregular way:The documentary intersperses graphical animations with film clips of the actual event.Her handwritten notes were interspersed throughout the text.

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interspersed      Hide phoneticsadjectiveinterspersed with sth having something in several places among something else:forests interspersed with meadows and lakes

poplar      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a tall tree with branches that form a thin pointed shape:a tall row of poplars

shut sb/sth out (PREVENT ENTRY) phrasal verbto stop someone or something from entering or getting back inside a house or other building:The wind blew the door closed behind me and now I'm shut out (of the house).Don't forget to shut the cat out when you leave for work. shut sb/sth out (PREVENT ENTRY) phrasal verbto stop someone or something from entering or getting back inside a house or other building:The wind blew the door closed behind me and now I'm shut out (of the house).Don't forget to shut the cat out when you leave for work.

offices Chiefly British The parts of a house, such as the laundry and kitchen, in which servants carry out household work.

coomb or coombe Nouna short valley or deep hollow [Old English cumb]

Grecian  Hide phoneticsadjective(especially of building styles or a person's appearance) beautiful and simple, in the style of Ancient Greece:a Grecian column

eminence (RESPECT)  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]the state of being famous, respected or important:his eminence as a film director

ridge  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 a long narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain:We walked along the narrow mountain ridge.FIGURATIVE A ridge (= narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

2 the part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top

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circuit (TRACK)      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]something shaped approximately like a circle, especially a route, path or sports track which starts and ends in the same place:They test the car tyres on a motor racing circuit.We made a leisurely circuit of the city walls before lunch.

summit (HIGHEST POINT)  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 the highest point of a mountain:On this day in 1784, Dr Michel Paccard and Jacques Balmat reached the summit of Mont Blanc.

2 the summit the highest, most successful or most important point in something:I certainly haven't reached the summit of my career.

premises   Show phoneticsplural nounthe land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization:The company is relocating to new premises.There is no smoking allowed anywhere on school premises.The ice cream is made on the premises (= in the building where it is sold).The security guards escorted the protesters off (= away from) the premises.

blight  Hide phoneticsnoun [S]1 a disease that damages and kills plants

2 something which spoils or has a very bad effect on something, often for a long time:His arrival cast a blight on the wedding day.

blight  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to spoil something:A broken leg blighted her chances of winning the championship.

dawdle      Hide phoneticsverb [I] to do something or go somewhere very slowly, taking more time than is necessary:Stop dawdling! You'll be late for school!

wary      Hide phoneticsadjectivenot completely trusting or certain about something or someone:I'm a bit wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well.

warily      Hide phoneticsadverb

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wariness      Hide phoneticsnoun [U]

un·war·y adj. un·war·i·er, un·war·i·est Not alert to danger or deception.un·wari·ly adv.un·wari·ness n.

nip (COLD)   noun INFORMALa nip (in the air) If there is a nip in the air, the air outside is quite cold:You can tell winter's on its way - there's a real nip in the air in the mornings.

nippy   adjective INFORMALdescribes weather or air that is quite cold:It's a bit nippy today - you might need a coat.

dairy       noun [C]a place on a farm where milk and cream are kept and cheese and butter are made, or a company which supplies milk and products made from milk

dairy       adjectiveused to refer to cows that are used for producing milk, rather than meat, or to foods which are made from milk, such as cream, butter and cheese:dairy cattledairy farmersdairy products

decease   noun [U] FORMALa person's death:The house will not be yours till after your mother's decease.

settled - not changeable; "a period of settled weather"calm - (of weather) free from storm or wind; "calm seas"

brood (GROUP)   noun [C]1 a group of young birds all born at the same time:The blackbird flew back and forth to its brood.

2 HUMOROUS a person's young children:Ann was at the party with her brood.

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Welcome to iVisit :-).Lynne_Hand: Phew! Poetria_1: oh so it will pour down here too Lynne_Hand: Waiter waiter this paper is stale. Lynne_Hand: It's because they were "taught" wrongly. Lynne_Hand: And Germans do not like to make mistakes. Poetria_1: snow Poetria_1: snow melting Poetria_1: defrost Poetria_1: fridge Lynne_Hand: unjustifiable Lynne_Hand: anywhere Lynne_Hand: Bartlett's - [bart]Lynne_Hand: Berkeley - aLynne_Hand: simple Lynne_Hand: imagery Poetria_1: serves to torment Lynne_Hand: agony Lynne_Hand: poultry Lynne_Hand: Elinor, however little concerned in it,joined in their discourse; Lynne_Hand: idled

unjustifiable   adjectiveunacceptable and wrong because without any good or fair reason:His behaviour was unjustifiable.unjustifiable expense

unjustifiably   adverb DISAPPROVING

Bankers ordinarily refuse to pay a cheque (an "out-of-date" cheque) which is presented for payment after six months from the date written on the cheque.

agony   noun [C or U]extreme physical or mental pain or suffering:She lay there screaming in agony.I was in an agony of suspense.We've both suffered agonies of guilt over what happened.

Teach her never to be angry ; anger only serves to torment ourselves, to divert others, and alienate their esteem.

imagery       noun [U]the use of words or pictures in books, films, paintings, etc. to describe ideas or situations:The imagery in the poem is mostly to do with death.

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serve (HELP ACHIEVE) verb [I or T] to help achieve something or to be useful as something:The minister said she did not consider that a public enquiry would serve any useful purpose.The judge said that the fine would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care.In the absence of anything better the settee would serve (= could be used) as a bed for a cou-ple of nights.[+ to infinitive] Nothing serves to explain the violent fighting we have seen re-cently.OLD-FASHIONED My umbrella will serve for a weapon.

And diffident feelings

confidant       noun [C] (FEMALE ALSO confidante)a person you trust and share your feelings and secrets with:a close confidant

confident       adjective having confidence:Be a bit more confident in yourself!They don't sound confident about the future of the industry.I'm confident of his skills as a manager.[+ that] Are you confident that enough people will attend the event?It was a confident performance.

deficiency   noun [C or U](a) lack of what is needed:Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency.Deficiencies in the education system have been much in the news.

deficient adjective1 lacking:A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.

2 not good enough:His theory is deficient in several respects.

towards (MOVEMENT) MAINLY UK    

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conversation       noun [C or U] (a) talk between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings and ideas are expressed, questions are asked and answered, or news and information are exchanged:She had a strange conversation with the bloke who's moved in upstairs.It's impossible to hold/carry on a conversation with all this noise going on!I struck up (= started) an interesting conversation with your uncle.Because of television, many people have lost the art of conversation (= talking to each other).Whenever I'm in a social situation with my boss, we seem to run out of conversation (= things to say to each other) after two minutes!

conversational     adjectiverelating to or like a conversation:a conversational style of writingHe seems to lack basic conversational skills.

conversationalist       noun [C]someone who enjoys or is good at talking with people

converse       verb [I] FORMAL She's so shy that conversing with her can be quite difficult.See also converse.

Ale

converse           adjective FORMALopposite:a converse effect/opinion/argumentSee also converse at conversation.

observe (WATCH)       verb [T] SLIGHTLY FORMAL to watch carefully the way something happens or the way someone does something, especially in order to learn more about it:The role of scientists is to observe and describe the world, not to try to control it.[+ question word] He spent a year in the jungle, observing how deforestation is affecting local tribes.Children learn by observing adults.

observation       noun [U]when you observe something or someone:close observation of nature/human nature/animal behaviourThe police are keeping the suspect under observation.

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She was admitted to hospital for observation (= so that doctors could watch her and see if anything was wrong with her).

observatory       noun [C]a building from which scientists can watch the planets, the stars, the weather, etc.

observer       noun [C]a person who watches what happens but has no active part in it:observers of the political situation/political observersUN observers are monitoring the ceasefire.

favourite UK, US favorite

twilight (EVENING)   noun [U]the period just before it becomes completely dark in the evening:I could make out a dark figure in the twilight.

ailment   noun [C]an illness:Treat minor ailments yourself.

concern (WORRY)       verb [T] to cause anxiety to someone:The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.[+ that] It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.

concern       noun [C or U] 1 a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.[+ that] My concern is that you're not getting enough work done.

2 something that is important to you, or when something is important:[+ to infinitive] His concern to appear sophisticated amused everyone.The company's sole concern is to ensure the safety of its employees.There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you.

languid   adjective LITERARYmoving or speaking slowly with little energy, often in an attractive way:a languid manner/voice

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languidly adverb LITERARY

weary       adjective1 very tired, especially after working hard for a long time:I think he's a little weary after his long journey.Here, sit down and rest your weary legs.

2 weary of bored with something because you have experienced too much of it:I've been going out with the same people to the same clubs for years and I've just grown weary of it.

composure       noun [U]calmness and control:I didn't want to lose my composure in front of her.

medicine (SUBSTANCE) noun [C or U] a substance, especially in the form of a liquid or a pill, which is a treatment for illness or injury:cough medicineTake two spoonfuls of medicine at mealtimes.She knows quite a lot about herbal medicines.

medicinal adjective Medicinal substances are used to cure illnesses:I keep a bottle of brandy purely for medicinal purposes.It is said that the spring water has medicinal properties.

medicinally adverb

efficacy   noun [U] FORMALan ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce the intended result; effectiveness:They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug.

efficacious   adjective FORMALable to produce the intended result; effective

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voluntarily       adverb

apothecary       noun [C]a person who in the past made and sold medicines

putrid (DECAYED)   adjectivedecayed and having an unpleasant smell:the putrid body of a dead foxWhat's that putrid smell?

complaint   noun1 [C or U] when someone says that something is wrong or not satisfactory:We've received a complaint from one of our listeners about offensive language.I've made a complaint (= formally complained) to the police about the noise.[+ that] We've had complaints that you've been playing your radio too loud.Do you have any grounds for complaint (= reason to formally complain)?

2 [C] an illness:a heart/stomach complaint

apprehension   noun [U]anxiety about the future or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen:It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new job.There is some apprehension in the office about who the new director will be.

entreaty       noun [C]an attempt to persuade someone to do something:She refused to become involved with him despite his passionate entreaties.

stir (MOVE)       verb -rr- 1 [I or T] to cause something to move slightly:A light breeze stirred the leaves lying on the path.He stirred in his sleep as I kissed him.

2 [T] If something stirs you, it makes you feel a strong emotion:I was deeply stirred by her performance.[+ object + to infinitive] The speech stirred the crowd to take action.

3 [I] LITERARY If an emotion stirs within you, you begin to feel it:Hope stirred within her heart.

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active (BUSY/INVOLVED)   adjective

supply   verb [T] to provide something that is wanted or needed, often in large quantities and over a long period of time:Electrical power is supplied by underground cables.Three people have been arrested for supplying arms to the terrorists.The company has supplied the royal family (= provided them with something they need) for years.At the beginning of term, students are supplied with a list of books that they are expected to read.

supply   noun [C or U] 1 an amount of something that is available for use:Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes a large supply of baby food with her.In London, demand for cheap housing far outstrips supply (= what is provided).

fore·noon n.The period of time between sunrise and noon; morning.

patient   noun [C] a person who is receiving medical care, or who is cared for by a particular doctor or dentist when necessary:I'm a patient of Dr Stephens, please could I make an appointment to see her?

interpose (INTERRUPT)       verb [T] FORMAL to interrupt someone:[+ speech] "I can't agree with you, Mr Heathcliff, " he interposed.

interposition       noun [C or U] FORMAL

acceptable   adjective satisfactory and able to be agreed to or approved of:Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is acceptable to both parties.So what is an acceptable level of radiation?This kind of attitude is simply not acceptable.

pi·quet also pic·quet (p-k)n.

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A card game for two people, played with a deck from which all cards below the seven, aces being high, are omitted.

comply   verb [I] FORMAL to act according to an order, set of rules or request:He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply.There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

compliance   noun [U]1 FORMAL when people obey an order, rule or request:It is the job of the inspectors to enforce compliance with the regulations.The company said that it had always acted in compliance with environmental laws.

2 MAINLY DISAPPROVING the tendency to be too willing to do what other people want you to do:It's his compliance that amazes me.

compliant   adjective FORMALwilling to do what other people want you to do:a compliant child

demur       verb [I] -rr- FORMAL to express disagreement or refusal to do something:The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred.

demur       noun [U] FORMALShe agreed to his request without demur.

second (SUPPORT)   verb [T] to make a formal statement of support for a suggestion made by someone else during a meeting so that there can be a discussion or vote:SPECIALIZED The motion was proposed by the club's chairwoman and seconded by the secretary."I could do with a drink." "I'll second that (= I agree with you)!"

seconder       noun [C]There was no seconder for (= person who was willing to second) the motion so it could not be debated.

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sanguine   adjective FORMAL(of someone or their character) positive and hopeful:They are less sanguine about the prospects for peace.See also optimistic at optimism.

seizure       noun [C]1 a very sudden attack of an illness involving unconsciousness or violent movement:an epileptic seizure

2 OLD USE a sudden failure of the heart:His aunt died of a seizure.FIGURATIVE HUMOROUS When I told her how much it cost she nearly had a seizure (= she was very shocked).

melancholy       adjectivesad:melancholy autumn daysa melancholy piece of music

pulse   noun [C]1 the regular beating of the heart, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck:The child's pulse was strong/weak.Exercise increases your pulse rate.

2 take sb's pulse to hold someone's wrist and count how many times their heart beats in one minute

3 a short burst of energy which is repeated regularly, such as a brief loud sound or a brief flash of light:The data, normally transmitted electronically, can be changed into pulses of light.

preceding       adjective [before noun]existing or happening before someone or something:The paintings are a development of ideas she explored in the preceding decade.In conclusion, I hope the preceding arguments have convinced you of the need for action.

make light of somethingto suggest by the way that you talk or behave that you do not think a problem is serious. You shouldn't make light of other people's fears.

wild (NOT CONTROLLED)   adjective 1 uncontrolled, violent or extreme:

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a wild partywild dancingThe audience burst into wild applause.When I told him what I'd done, he went wild (= became very angry).The children were wild with excitement (= were extremely excited).Her eyes were wild/She had a wild look in her eyes (= Her eyes were wide open, as if she were frightened, or mentally ill).His hair was wild (= long and untidy) and his clothes full of holes.There have been wild (= extreme) variations in the level of spending.They get some wild weather (= many severe storms) in the north.It was a wild (= stormy or very windy) night, with the wind howling and the rain pouring down.

2 SLANG very unusual, often in a way that is attractive or exciting:Those are wild trousers you're wearing, Fi.

wildly   adverb in an uncontrolled or extreme way:He was dancing wildly.Inflation figures have fluctuated wildly between 0.2% and 25%.It was wildly (= very) expensive.I must say I'm not wildly (= very) keen on the idea.

wildness   noun [U]

auspicious       adjective FORMALsuggesting a positive and successful future:They won their first match of the season 5-1 which was an auspicious start/beginning.Our first meeting was not auspicious - we had a huge argument.

auspiciously       adverb FORMAL

cordial (DRINK)       noun [U]1 UK a sweet fruit-based drink to which water is usually added:lime cordial

administer (GIVE)       verb [T] FORMAL 1 to cause someone to receive something:to administer medicine/punishment/reliefTests will be administered to schoolchildren at seven, twelve and sixteen years.FIGURATIVE The latest opinion polls have administered a severe blow to the party.

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2 administer an oath to sb to be present while someone says an oath (= formal promise) officially

repose       verb [I usually + adverb or preposition] FORMAL to rest or lie:She reposed on the sofa.

repose       noun [U] FORMALYour face is so beautiful in repose (= when resting).

posture (POSITION OF BODY)       noun [C or U]the way in which someone usually holds their shoulders, neck and back, or a particular position in which someone stands, sits, etc:She's got very good/bad posture.He always adopts/assumes (= moves into) the same posture for the cameras.

hastily   adverb"He's looks good for his age. Not that 55 is old, " she hastily added.

start up

to sit up or stand up suddenly because you are surprised When he saw me, he started up and looked highly embarrassed.

to begin to work or to manage a business He started up in business at the age of twenty-five. [usually + in]

consult   verb 1 [T] to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject:If the symptoms get worse, consult your doctor.I'm not quite sure how to get there - I'd better consult a map.

2 [I or T] to discuss something with someone before you make a decision:Why didn't you consult me about this?This afternoon the Prime Minister was consulting with his advisors and we are expecting an announcement shortly.

despondent       adjectiveunhappy and discouraged because you feel you are in a difficult situation:He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls.She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job.

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despondently       adverb"It's hopeless, " he said, shaking his head despondently.

despondency       noun [U]A mood of despondency had set in.

despondence n.Despondency.

obviate     verb [T] FORMAL to remove a difficulty, especially so that action to deal with it becomes unnecessary:A peaceful solution would obviate the need to send a UN military force.

The inability of myth to speak its structure explicitly echoes the inability of music to speak the occasion which generates it except on its own separate ...

occasion (PARTICULAR TIME)   noun [C] 1 a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened:We met on several occasions to discuss the issue.I've heard him be rude to her on a number of occasions.I seem to remember that on that occasion he was with his wife.

2 a special or formal event:Sara's party was quite an occasion - there were over a hundred people there.At the wedding he sang a song specially written for the occasion.I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions.The coronation of a new king is, of course, a historic occasion.Congratulations on the occasion of your wedding anniversary.

3 FORMAL an opportunity or reason for doing something or for something to happen:The 200th anniversary of Mozart's death was the occasion for hundreds of special films, books and concerts.An occasion may arise when you can use your knowledge of French.The bride took/used the occasion to make a short speech.

attend (PROVIDE HELP)   verb [T] to provide a service to someone, especially as part of your job; to care for or deal with someone or something:The Princess was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.See also attend at attention (NOTICE).

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attendance   noun [U]He never goes out without his security men in attendance (= with him and taking care of him).

collect (CONTROL)   verb FORMALcollect yourself/your thoughts to get control of your feelings and thoughts, especially after shock, surprise or laughter:I was so stunned by what he'd said I had to collect myself before I could reply.

collected adjectiveshowing control over your feelings:She appeared calm and collected.

delirium   noun [U]fever accompanied by deliriumI've never seen such delirium (= excited happiness) at a football match before.

rational   adjectiveshowing clear thought or reason:He was too upset to be rational.a rational course of action/argument/explanation

injure       verb [T] to hurt or cause physical harm to a person or animal:A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people.She fell and injured her shoulder.He was badly injured in the crash.He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health.

injured       adjective hurt or physically harmed:She was told to stay in bed to rest her injured back.

stupor       noun [C usually singular]a state in which a person is almost unconscious and their thoughts are very unclear:He was lying under the table in a drunken stupor.

oppress (MAKE UNCOMFORTABLE) verb [T] to make a person feel uncomfortable or anxious, and sometimes ill:

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Strange dreams and nightmares oppressed him.

oppression   noun [U]when someone feels anxious and uncomfortable:Several people had experienced the same feeling of oppression when they slept in that room.

severe (VERY SERIOUS)     adjective1 causing very great pain, difficulty, anxiety, damage, etc.; very serious:a severe chest infection/a severe leg injury/severe toothacheThis is a school for children with severe learning difficulties.In parts of Africa there is a severe food/water shortage.There is expected to be a severe frost tonight.Severe cutbacks in public spending have been announced.

2 extreme or very difficult:This will be a severe test of our strength.

severely       adverbTheir daughter was severely injured in a car accident.severely disabled/handicappedJob opportunities are severely limited/restricted at the moment.

severity       noun [U]Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries.I don't think you quite understand the severity of our financial problems.

revival  Hide phoneticsnoun1 [C or U] when something becomes more active or popular again:Recently, there has been some revival of (interest in) ancient music.An economic/artistic revival is sweeping the country.

2 [C] a performance of a play which has not been seen for a long time:We're staging a revival of a 1950s play.

3 [C] a time when interest in religion starts again in a stronger way than before, or a series of meetings organized to encourage this to happen

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con (TRICK)       verb [T] -nn- INFORMAL to make someone believe something false, usually so that they will give you their money or possessions:She felt she had been conned into buying the car.Thieves conned him out of his life savings.He managed to con £20 out of them (= get that amount from them by deceiving them).

con       noun [C] INFORMALa trick to get someone's money, or make them do what you want:It's a con - you get half the food for twice the price!a con trick

injunction noun [C]an official order given by a court of law, usually to stop someone from doing something:[+ to infinitive] The court has issued an injunction to prevent the airline from increasing its prices.[+ ing form of verb] She is seeking an injunction banning the newspaper from publishing the photographs.

enjoin   verb [T] 1 FORMAL to instruct someone to do something or to behave in a particular way:[+ to infinitive] We were all enjoined to be on our best behaviour.He enjoined (= suggested) caution.

2 US LEGAL to legally force someone to do something or stop doing something

bless - confer prosperity or happiness onbestow, confer - present; "The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated"; "bestow an honor on someone"

flatter Verb1. to praise insincerely, esp. in order to win favour 2. to show to advantage: she wore a simple green cotton dress which she knew flattered her 3. to make (a person) appear more attractive than in reality: a portrait that flattered him 4. to cater to the vanity of (a person): I was flattered by her praise 5. flatter oneself to believe, perhaps mistakenly, something good about oneself [Old French flater to lick, fawn upon]

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surpass     verb [T] FORMAL to do or be better than:His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.The book's success has surpassed everyone's expectations.[R] The director has really surpassed himself (= done better than he has done before) with this new film.

surpassing     adjective [before noun] LITERARYextremely great:a face of surpassing loveliness

unequivocal   adjectivetotal, or expressed in a clear and certain way:The Prime Minister, he said, had the party's unequivocal support.The church has been unequivocal in its condemnation of the violence.

unequivocally   adverb

succour UK, US succor       noun [U] LITERARYhelp given to someone, especially someone who is suffering or in need:Her organization gave succour and strength to those who had been emotionally damaged.

succour UK, US succor       verb [T] LITERARY to succour the poor, help the helpless, support the weakStudents should be encouraged, supported and succoured.

relapse   verb [I] FORMAL to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement:She managed to stop using drugs for a month, but then relapsed.He looked happy for a brief while, before relapsing into silent misery.

relapse noun [C] FORMALIf someone who is getting better after an illness has a relapse, they become ill again:She was looking quite healthy on Friday, but she had/suffered a relapse over the weekend and was taken back into hospital.

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contentment   noun [U] (ALSO content)His face wore a look of pure contentment.

capability       noun [C or U] These tests are beyond the capability (= ability) of an average 12-year-old.[+ to infinitive] With the new machines we finally have the capability (= power) to do the job properly.Several countries are trying to develop a nuclear capability (= weapons needed to fight a nuclear war).

continue

blast (NOISE)       verb [I] to make a very loud and unpleasant noise:guns/music blasting (away/out)

blast       noun [C]a sudden loud noise:a blast of musicThe headteacher blew three blasts on a whistle.

closet (CUPBOARD)       noun [C] MAINLY USa cupboard or a small room with a door, used for storing things, especially clothes:a bedroom/linen/storage closet

shutter (WINDOW COVER)       noun [C]1 a wooden cover on the outside of a window which prevents light or heat from going into a room or heat from leaving it:Shutters usually come in pairs and are hung like doors on hinges.

2 a metal covering which protects the windows and entrance of a shop from thieves when it is closed

shuttered       adjectiveShops are closed and shuttered on Sundays.

flare (BURN BRIGHTLY)       verb [I] to burn brightly either for a short time or irregularly:

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The flame above the oil well flared (up) into the dark sky.

flare       noun [C]1 a sudden increase in the brightness of a fire:There was a sudden flare when she threw the petrol onto the fire.

2 a very bright light or coloured smoke which can be used as a signal, or a device which produces this:We set off a flare to help guide our rescuers.

rapid   adjectivefast or sudden:The 1990s were a period of rapid change/growth.I was startled by a rapid movement to my left.His response to the accusation was rapid.

rapidity       noun [U] FORMAL

rapidly   adverb

obey       verb 1 [I or T] to act according to what you have been asked or ordered to do by someone in authority or to behave according to a rule, law or instruction:The soldiers refused to obey (orders).to obey the rules of international lawFalling objects obey the law of gravity.See also obedient.

2 [T] If your body or part of your body does not obey you, it does not work in the way it should:She was so tired her legs just wouldn't obey her any longer.

obedient       adjective doing, or willing to do, what you have been told to do by someone in authority:Students are expected to be quiet and obedient in the classroom.an obedient dogSee also obey.NOTE: The opposite is disobedient.

obediently       adverb The dog trotted obediently to his master.

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obedience       noun [U] when people or animals are obedient:He demands unquestioning obedience from his soldiers.

bustle (BE BUSY)   verb [I + adverb or preposition] to do things in a hurried and busy way:Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready.

bustle   noun [U]I sat in a café, watching the (hustle and) bustle (= busy activity) of the street outside.

vestibule   noun [C]1 FORMAL a small room just inside the outer door of a public building where you can leave your coat, etc:I'll wait for you in the vestibule.

2 US a small enclosed area on the front of a house; a porch

impulse (DESIRE)   noun [C + to infinitive]a sudden strong desire to do something:I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Rubbish!" in the middle of her speech.

suspend (STOP) verb [T] 1 to stop or to cause to be not active, either temporarily or permanently:The ferry service has been suspended for the day because of bad weather.The President has suspended the constitution and assumed total power.When you go to the theatre, you have to be willing to suspend disbelief (= to act as if you believe that what you are seeing is real or true, although you know that it is not).I'm suspending judgment (= not forming an opinion) on the book I'm reading until I've finished it.LEGAL Mr Young was given a six-month jail sentence suspended for two years (= If he commits another crime within two years, he will have to go to prison for six months for his original crime).

2 If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school or take part in an activity because they have done something wrong:She was suspended from school for fighting.He was suspended for four matches after arguing with the referee.

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command (ORDER)       noun1 [C] an order, especially one given by a soldier:You will run forward at (= when you hear) my command.When I give the command, fire!He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands.

2 [U] control over someone or something and responsibility for them:Colonel Sailing has command over/is in command of the Guards Regiment.General Haig took command of the British Expeditionary Force in 1915.The soldiers were under the command of a tough sergeant-major.

command       verb 1 [I or T] to give someone an order:[+ to infinitive] The officer commanded his men to shoot.[+ that] He commanded that the troops (should) cross the water.

2 [I or T] to control someone or something and tell them what to do:Colonel Sailing commands the Guards Regiment.

3 [T] to deserve and get something good, such as attention, respect, or a lot of money:She was one of those teachers who just commanded respect.She commands one of the highest fees per film in Hollywood.

vehement   adjectiveexpressing strong feelings, or characterized by strong feelings or great energy or force:Despite vehement opposition from his family, he quit school and became an actor.Both men were vehement in their denial of the charges against them.They launched a vehement attack on the government's handling of environmental issues.

vehemently   adverbin a strong and emotional way:The president has vehemently denied having an extra-marital affair.

vehemence   noun [U]She argued with such vehemence against the proposal that they decided to abandon it.

recollect   verb [I or T] FORMAL to remember something:Can you recollect his name?As far as I can recollect, his name is Edward.[+ (that)] She suddenly recollected (that) she had left her handbag in the restaurant.[+ question word] Do you recollect where she went?

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[+ ing form of verb] He does not recollect seeing her at the party.

recollection   noun FORMAL1 [C] a memory of something:I have many pleasant recollections of the time we spent together.

2 [U] the ability to remember things:His powers of recollection are extraordinary.

acquiesce verb [I] FORMAL to accept or agree to something, often unwillingly:Reluctantly, he acquiesced to/in the plans.

acquiescent adjective FORMALShe has a very acquiescent nature (= agrees to everything without complaining).

acquiescence   noun [U]I was surprised by her acquiescence to/in the scheme.

knave   noun [C] OLD USE1 a dishonest man

liquor       noun [U] USstrong alcoholic drink

intoxicated       adjective1 FORMAL drunk:She was charged with driving while intoxicated.

2 excited, happy and slightly out of control because of an experience such as love, success, etc:She was understandably intoxicated by her success in the national competition.

intoxicating       adjective1 If a drink is intoxicating, it makes you drunk if you have too much:intoxicating liquor

2 An intoxicating experience or idea makes you feel excited and emotional:an intoxicating thought

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intoxication       noun [U]He used to claim that he had his best ideas after several days of intoxication (= being drunk).The feeling of intoxication (= excitement) that followed her victory was cut short by her father's sudden death.

apology       noun [C] (ALSO apologia) FORMALa formal explanation or defence of a belief or system, especially one that is unpopularSee also apology at apologize.

blockhead       noun [C] OLD-FASHIONED INFORMALa stupid person

diabolical       adjective (US ALSO diabolic)1 INFORMAL extremely bad or shocking:Conditions in the prison were diabolical.His driving is diabolical!

2 evil, or caused by the Devil

assent   noun [U] FORMALofficial agreement to or approval of an idea, plan or request:Once the directors have given their assent to the proposal we can begin.She nodded her assent to the proposal.UK Before an Act of Parliament can become law, it needs to receive Royal Assent (= an official signature) from the monarch.Compare dissent.

assent   verb [I] FORMAL Have they assented to (= agreed to) the terms of the contract?

impute sth to sb (BELIEVE) phrasal verb FORMALto believe that someone or something has a particular characteristic, quality or meaning:He arrogantly imputed stupidity to anyone who disagreed with him.

overset v. o·ver·set, o·ver·set·ting, o·ver·sets v.tr.1. To throw into a confused or disturbed state; upset: "The news is sure to overset him" Charles Dickens.2. Printing a. To set (type or copy) in excess of what is needed.b. To set too much type for (a given space).v.intr. Printing

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To set too much material for a given space.

nuncheon 1353, "slight refreshment," originally taken in the afternoon, from none "noon" (see noon) + shench (from O.E. scenc) "draught, cup."

confess verb [I or T] 1 to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about:[+ that] She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.He confessed to sleeping/having slept through most of the film.He has confessed to the murder.[+ (that)] I have to confess (that), when I first met your husband, I didn't think he was very bright.I found it all very confusing, I must confess.[R] The director confessed himself (to be) puzzled by the company's losses.

2 in the Christian religion, especially the Roman Catholic Church, to tell God or a priest what you have done wrong so that you can be forgiven:to confess your sins

confession   noun [C or U]1 when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal:I've got a bit of a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me.I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure.Confession is the first stage of coming to terms with what you've done.He made a full confession to the police.

2 when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priest formally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven:Have you been to confession recently?The priest heard his confession.

“A much later hour than at present”

Welcome to iVisit :-).Lynne_Hand: confidant vs confident Lynne_Hand: feverish, Lynne_Hand: So, go to hands free mode and read two to three paragraphs. Lynne_Hand: inquiry, replied vs replayed Lynne_Hand: composure Lynne_Hand: inclination, Lynne_Hand: efficacy Lynne_Hand: feverish Lynne_Hand: persisting in rising, Lynne_Hand: ready vs reedy

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reed (PLANT)   noun [C](the hollow stem of) any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water

reedy   adjective1 describes a place where there are many reeds growing:the reedy river banks

2 DISAPPROVING describes a sound, especially a voice, that is thin and high and not pleas-ant to listen to

Lynne_Hand: examined Lynne_Hand: disorder to have a putrid tendency Lynne_Hand: complaint vs compliant Lynne_Hand: caution Lynne_Hand: He came, examined his patient, Lynne_Hand: came Lynne_Hand: complaint Lynne_Hand: necessity vs necessary

necessity    

Lynne_Hand: concern

concern       noun [C or U]

Lynne_Hand: But the day did not close so auspiciously Lynne_Hand: auspiciously Lynne_Hand: became vs become Lynne_Hand: sanguine Lynne_Hand: fatigue vs fainting Lynne_Hand: prescribed Lynne_Hand: beneficial Lynne_Hand: unusually Lynne_Hand: nurses Lynne_Hand: housekeeper Lynne_Hand: latter vs later Lynne_Hand: unremitting

unremitting      adjective FORMALnever stopping, weakening in effort or failing:Our thanks are due to Bob Lawrence whose unremitting labours have ensured the success of the whole scheme.

unremittingly       adverb

Lynne_Hand: inarticulate

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inarticulate       adjectiveunable to express feelings or ideas clearly, or expressed in a way that is difficult to under-stand:When it comes to expressing their emotions, most men are hopelessly inarticulate.His speech was inarticulate and it was obvious he had been drinking.

inarticulately       adverb

inarticulacy       noun [U] (ALSO inarticulateness)

feverish   adjectivesuffering from fever:I'm feeling a bit feverish - I hope it's not the start of flu.

Lynne_Hand: feverish wildness Lynne_Hand: soothe her Lynne_Hand: mama Lynne_Hand: rapidly Lynne_Hand: present

elevate   verb [T] 1 FORMAL to raise something or lift something up:The platform was elevated by means of hydraulic legs.

2 to make someone or something more important or to improve something:They want to elevate the status of teachers.These factors helped to elevate the town into the list of the ten most attractive in the country.

3 FORMAL be elevated to sth to be given a higher rank or social position:He has been elevated to deputy manager.She was elevated to the peerage (= was given the title 'Lady').

elevated       adjective1 raised:The doctor said I was to keep my leg elevated.There is an elevated area at the back of the building.

2 high or important:She holds a more elevated position in the company.

3 [before noun] greater than is normal or reasonable:He has a rather elevated idea of his own importance.

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4 [before noun] FORMAL literary or formal:an elevated style/tonethe elevated language of the Psalms

relate (TELL) verb [T] FORMAL to tell a story or describe a series of events:She related the events of the previous week to the police.[+ question word] He relates how at the age of 23 he was interned in a prison camp.

associate (CONNECT)       verb [T] to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else:Most people associate this brand with good quality.

reprobate     n.1. A morally unprincipled person.2. One who is predestined to damnation.adj.1. Morally unprincipled; shameless.2. Rejected by God and without hope of salvation.tr.v. rep·ro·bat·ed, rep·ro·bat·ing, rep·ro·bates 1. To disapprove of; condemn.2. To abandon to eternal damnation. Used of God.

avarice       noun [U] FORMALan extremely strong desire to obtain or keep wealth; greed:Her business empire brought her wealth beyond the dreams of avarice (= an extremely large amount of money).

avaricious   adjective FORMAL

avariciously   adverb FORMAL

comparative adj.1.

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a. Relating to, based on, or involving comparison.b. Of or relating to the scientific or historical comparison of different phenomena, institutions, or objects, such as languages, legal systems, or anatomical structures, in an effort to understand their origins or relationships.2. Estimated by comparison; relative: a comparative newcomer.

soften       verb [I or T] to become more gentle, or to make someone do this:The news will upset him - we must think of a way to soften the blow (= make the news less unpleasant for him).Would you say the government's stance on law and order has softened?

affluent   adjectivehaving a lot of money or owning a lot of things; rich:affluent nations/neighbourhoods

affluence   noun [U]What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence and public squalor.

expatiate verb [I] FORMAL DISAPPROVING to speak or write about something in great detail or for a long time:She expatiated on/upon her work for the duration of the meal.

circumspect       adjective FORMALcareful not to take risks:Officials were circumspect about what the talks had achieved.

circumspection       noun [U] FORMALThis is a very sensitive case requiring extreme circumspection.

compassion   noun [U] APPROVINGa strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a desire to help them:I was hoping she might show a little compassion.

urge (ADVISE)       verb [I or T] to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing:[+ to infinitive] Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action.

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[+ that] Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved.Police urged continued vigilance in the fight against crime.The dogs are urged into fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd.We shall continue to urge for leniency to be shown to these prisoners.

urging       noun [C or U]He was happy to comply without any further urging from me.It was only because of Alison's urgings that he sold the house.

libertine       noun [C] FORMAL DISAPPROVINGa person, usually a man, who lives immorally, having sexual relationships with many people

neglect   verb [T] 1 to give not enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility:to neglect your appearance/the gardenHe neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.I'm afraid I've rather neglected my studies this week.

2 neglect to do sth to not do something, often because you forget:I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying.He neglected to mention the fact that we could lose money on the deal.

neglect   noun [U]when you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something, or the state of not receiving enough care or attention:Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them.Over the years the church has fallen into a state of neglect.

wanton (WITHOUT CARE)       adjective FORMAL(of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) extreme and showing complete lack of care:wanton destruction of human lifea wanton disregard for safetywanton extravagance

wantonly       adverb FORMAL

indigent   adjective FORMALvery poor

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indigence   noun [U]

tax

tr.v. taxed, tax·ing, tax·es 1. To place a tax on (income, property, or goods).2. To exact a tax from.3. Law To assess (court costs, for example).4. To make difficult or excessive demands upon: a boss who taxed everyone's patience.5. To make a charge against; accuse: He was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed.

offence (CRIME), US USUALLY offense   noun [C] LEGAL an illegal act; a crime:a serious/minor offencea criminal/drink-driving offenceDriving without a licence is an offence.He committed several serious offences.It's the third time that he's been convicted of a drug offence.

offend   verb [I] LEGAL to commit a crime:Obviously if a police officer offends it's a fairly serious matter.

offender       noun [C] LEGAL a person who is guilty of a crime:first-time offenderssex offendersyoung offenders

formal (SERIOUS)       adjective describes language, clothes and behaviour that are serious and correct:a formal dinner party

get the better of sb1 to defeat someone in a competition:He fought fiercely, but his opponent easily got the better of him.

2 If a feeling gets the better of you, you cannot stop yourself from allowing that feeling to make you do something, despite knowing that what you are doing is wrong:Her curiosity got the better of her and she opened the door and peeped inside.

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heighten     verb [I or T] to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect:The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd.

dissemble   verb [I] FORMAL to hide your real intentions and feelings or the facts:He accused the government of dissembling.

exultation   noun [U] FORMAL

tedious   adjectiveboring:a tedious job.The trouble is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.

tediously adverb

tediousness noun [U]

thunderbolt       noun1 [C] a flash of lightning and the sound of thunder together

2 [S] an announcement, event or idea that is completely unexpected or shocking:He dropped a thunderbolt on us this morning, when he told us that we were closing down.

remorse       noun [U] FORMALa strong feeling of guilt and regret about something you have done:He felt no remorse for the murders he had committed.After the argument, she was filled with remorse.

remorseful     adjective FORMALfeeling regret and guilt

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villain   noun1 [C] a bad person who harms other people or breaks the law:Some people believe that Richard III did not murder his nephews and was not the villain he is generally thought to have been.He's either a hero or a villain, depending on your point of view.

infamous   adjective famous for something considered bad:The list included the infamous George Drake, a double murderer.He's infamous for his bigoted sense of humour.

infamy   noun FORMAL1 [U] when someone or something is famous for something considered bad:Franklin D. Roosevelt described the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1947 as 'a day that will live in infamy'.

2 [C] a bad and shocking act or event:For the relatives of those who had died in the war, the final infamy was the pardoning of the draft-dodgers.

fall in with sb informal

to become friends with someone after meeting them by chance 

Carol's parents didn't approve of the group of people she had fallen in with at school.

blunder into swh/sth

to arrive in a place or get into a difficult situation by accident, usually because you have made a stupid mistake 

An American spy plane had blundered into Siberian airspace.

The two countries might have blundered into nuclear war.

inducement       noun [C or U]an act or thing that is intended to persuade someone or something:financial/cash inducements

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Those tenants are not going to swap life-time security for shorter-term leases without some inducement.[+ to infinitive] They offered voters a massive inducement to oust the president by announcing that sanctions would be lifted if there was 'democratic change'.

frame (EXPRESS)   verb [T] to express something choosing your words carefully:The interview would have been more productive if the questions had been framed more precisely.

hue (COLOUR)   noun [C](a degree of lightness, darkness, strength, etc. of) a colour:In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue.

suspicion   noun [S]a small amount:He gave just a suspicion of a smile.I have a suspicion of doubt about whether I should accept his invitation or not.See also suspicion at suspect (THINK LIKELY), suspect (THINK GUILTY) and suspect (DOUBT).

report       noun [C] 1 (ALSO school report, US ALSO report card) a teacher's written statement to the parents about a child's ability and performance at school

2 a description of an event or situation:a news/weather reporta company's financial/annual reportI gave/made/submitted a report of the theft to the insurance company.She sent in weekly reports on the situation.

malice noun [U]the wish to harm or upset other people:There certainly wasn't any malice in her comments.FORMAL I bear him no malice (= do not want to harm or upset him).

servile       adjective DISAPPROVING too eager to serve and please someone else in a way that shows a lack of respect for yourself:As a waiter you want to be pleasant to people without appearing totally servile.

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servility     noun [U] FORMAL DISAPPROVINGShe found the servility of the hotel staff embarrassing.

diction   noun [U]the manner in which words are pronounced:It is very helpful for a language teacher to have good diction.

rupture     noun [C]

bluster       verb [I] to speak in a loud angry or offended way, usually with little effect:[+ speech] "You had no right to do it, no right at all, " he blustered.

bluster       noun [U]I knew that it was all bluster and he wasn't really angry with me.

couch (EXPRESS)   verb FORMALcouch sth in/as sth to express something in a particular way:[often passive] I don't understand this form - it's all couched in legal terminology. couch

(EXPRESS)   verb FORMALcouch sth in/as sth to express something in a particular way:[often passive] I don't understand this form - it's all couched in legal terminology.

blackguard       noun [C] OLD-FASHIONEDa person, usually a man, who is not honourable and has no moral principles

relic   noun [C]1 an object, tradition or system from the past which continues to exist:During the dig, the archeological team found some relics from the Stone Age.The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce.

2 a part of the body or something that belonged to a holy person:These bones are the relics of a 12th-century saint.

hoard       verb [T]

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to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place:During the siege people began hoarding food and supplies.There would be enough food on a daily basis if people were not hoarding it.

hoard       noun [C]We found a huge hoard of tinned food in the basement.

ingratiate yourself   verb [R] DISAPPROVINGto make someone like you by praising or trying to please them:He's always trying to ingratiate himself with his boss.

ingratiating     adjective DISAPPROVINGdescribes behaviour that is intended to make people like you:

an ingratiating smile/manneringratiate yourself   verb [R] DISAPPROVINGto make someone like you by praising or trying to please them:He's always trying to ingratiate himself with his boss.

ingratiating       adjective DISAPPROVINGdescribes behaviour that is intended to make people like you:an ingratiating smile/mannerv

virulent   adjective1 describes a dangerous disease or poison which very quickly spreads or has an effect:A particularly virulent strain of flu has recently claimed a number of lives in the US.

2 FORMAL full of hate and fierce opposition:She is a virulent critic of US foreign policy.

virulence   noun [U]1 the danger and speed of spreading of a disease:The virulence of the disease is causing great concern in medical circles.

2 FORMAL strength of hatred and opposition:We are witnessing racism of a virulence that we haven't seen in Europe since the 1940s.

memento       noun [C] plural mementos or mementoesan object that you keep to remember a person, place or event:I keep a stone as a memento of our holiday.

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observation       noun [U]when you notice or see something:She has remarkable powers of observation (= is very good at noticing things).

forgiveness       noun [U] the act of forgiving or the willingness to forgive:to ask for/beg forgiveness

irreparable   adjective impossible to repair or make right again:Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline.

irreparably   adverb The ship has been irreparably damaged.

affectionate   adjectiveshowing feelings of liking or love:an affectionate kissHe's an affectionate little boy.

propensity     noun [C] FORMALa tendency towards a particular way of behaving, especially a bad one:[+ to infinitive] She's inherited from her father a propensity to talk too much.He's well-known for his natural propensity for indiscretion.

outward       adjective1 [before noun] relating to how people, situations or things seem to be, rather than how they are inside:The outward appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years.If he is suffering, he certainly shows no outward sign of it.To all outward appearances everything was fine, but under the surface the marriage was very shaky.Compare inward.

2 away from the centre:outward investment (= investment in other companies/countries)We have the chance to build an outward-looking Europe that lives up to its global responsibilities.

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reverie       noun [C or U] LITERARY(a state of having) pleasant dream-like thoughts:He was lost in reverie until he suddenly heard someone behind him.

commiserate   verb [I] to express sympathy to someone about some bad luck:I began by commiserating with her over the defeat.

commiseration noun [U]She gave me a look of commiseration as I entered the room.

commiserations   plural nounan expression of sympathy for someone, especially someone who has lost a competition:Commiserations on losing the match!Our commiserations to the losing side!

proportion       noun

possess (OWN)   verb [T] to have or own something, or to have a particular quality:I don't possess a single DVD (= I don't have even one DVD).In the past the root of this plant was thought to possess magical powers which could cure baldness.

salutation   noun [C or U] FORMALa greeting in words or actions, or the words used at the beginning of a letter or speech

requisite   adjective [before noun] FORMALnecessary; needed for a particular purpose:He lacked the requisite skills for the job.The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention.

requisite   noun [C usually plural] FORMALan important necessary item:A good book is a requisite for long journeys.Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence.

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vindicate   verb [T] 1 to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong:The decision to include Morris in the team was completely vindicated when he scored three goals.The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper.

2 to prove that someone is free from guilt or blame, after other people blamed them:[R] They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate themselves.

vindication   noun [S or U]The army's victory is being seen as (a) vindication of their tactics.

errand noun [C]a short journey either to take a message or to deliver or collect something:I'll meet you at six, I've got some errands to do/run first.

temperate (BEHAVIOUR)         adjective FORMALIf someone's behaviour is temperate, it is calm and controlled.NOTE: The opposite is intemperate.

exuberant       adjective1 (especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic:Young and exuberant, he symbolises Italy's new vitality.

2 (of plants) strong and growing quickly

exuberance       noun [U]

impart       verb [T] FORMAL 1 to communicate information to someone:to impart the bad newsI was rather quiet as I didn't feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject.

2 to give something a particular feeling, quality or taste:Preservatives can impart colour and flavour to a product.

pass sth/sb off as sth/sb phrasal verb [M]to pretend that something or someone is a particular thing or person when they are not:The dealer was trying to pass off fakes as valuable antiques.It's hard to believe anyone would try to pass this nonsense off as literature.

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infinite   adjectivewithout limits; extremely large or great:an infinite number/varietyThe universe is theoretically infinite.With infinite patience, she explained the complex procedure to us.

infinitely   adverbvery or very much:Travel is infinitely more comfortable now than it used to be.

subsist   verb [I] FORMAL to obtain enough food or money to stay alive:The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water.

convince   verb [T] to persuade someone or make them certain:He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.[+ (that)] It's useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn't need to lose any weight.[+ to infinitive] I hope this will convince you to change your mind.

ac·cor·dant (-kôrdnt)adj.Being in agreement or harmony; consonant. offence (UPSET FEELINGS), US USUALLY

offence   noun [U] upset and hurt feelings or feelings of annoyance, often because someone has been rude or shown a lack of respect:

probability       noun [C or U] the likelihood of something happening or being true:What is the probability of winning?The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.There's a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very likely that) she'll be here.Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability (= it is likely that it will happen).

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pour (CAUSE TO FLOW)       verb [I or T]

pour scorn on sb/sthto say a person or thing is ridiculous and worthless:Critics of the President have been pouring scorn on the plan ever since it was first proposed.

recurrence       noun [C or U]The doctor told him to go to the hospital if there was a recurrence of his symptoms.

posture (POSITION OF BODY)       noun [C or U]

recline  Hide phoneticsverb FORMAL 1 [I or T] to lean or lie back with the upper part of your body in a nearly horizontal position:She was reclining elegantly on the sofa.He reclined his head against/on my shoulder.

2 [T] If you recline a chair, you change the position of its back so that it is in a leaning position.

reclining   adjective [before noun]The coach has air conditioning and reclining seats.

recliner       noun [C]a chair in which you can lean back at different angles

recline   verb FORMAL 1 [I or T] to lean or lie back with the upper part of your body in a nearly horizontal position:She was reclining elegantly on the sofa.He reclined his head against/on my shoulder.

2 [T] If you recline a chair, you change the position of its back so that it is in a leaning position.

reclining   adjective [before noun]The coach has air conditioning and reclining seats.

recliner      

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noun [C]a chair in which you can lean back at different angles

abode       noun [C usually singular]the place where someone lives:FORMAL The defendant is of no fixed abode (= has no permanent home).HUMOROUS Welcome to my humble abode!

lengthen   verb [I or T] 1 to make something longer, or to become longer:I'll have to lengthen this skirt.lengthening waiting listsNOTE: The opposite is shorten.

2 If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen:There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years.

engrossed       adjectivegiving all your attention to something; absorbed:She was so engrossed by/in the book that she forgot the cakes in the oven.They were so engrossed in/with what they were doing that they didn't hear me come in.

engrossing       adjectivevery interesting and needing all your attention:an engrossing book/story

1. engross - devote (oneself) fully to; "He immersed himself into his studies"engulf, steep, immerse, soak up, absorb, plungeimmerse, plunge - cause to be immersed; "The professor plunged his students into the study of the Italian text"focus, pore, rivet, center, centre, concentrate - direct one's attention on something; "Please focus on your studies and not on your hobbies"drink in, drink - be fascinated or spell-bound by; pay close attention to; "The mother drinks in every word of her son on the stage"

2. engross - consume all of one's attention or time; "Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely"engage, occupy, absorbinvolve - occupy or engage the interest of; "His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon"consume - engage fully; "The effort to pass the exam consumed all his energy"rivet - hold (someone's attention); "The discovery of the skull riveted the paleontologists"interest - excite the curiosity of; engage the interest of

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chaise longue  Hide phoneticsnoun [C] (US ALSO chaise lounge)a long low seat, with an arm at one side and usually a low back along half of its length, which a person can stretch out their legs on

1. chaise - a long chair; for recliningchaise longue, daybedchair - a seat for one person, with a support for the back; "he put his coat over the back of the chair and sat down"

2. chaise - a carriage consisting of two wheels and a calash top; drawn by a single horseshaycalash top, caleche, calash - the folding hood of a horse-drawn carriagecarriage, equipage, rig - a vehicle with wheels drawn by one or more horses

zealous  

contentment  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] (ALSO content)His face wore a look of pure contentment.

unobtrusive  Hide phoneticsadjective APPROVINGnot noticeable; seeming to fit in well with the background:Make-up this season is unobtrusive and natural-looking.

unobtrusively  Hide phoneticsadverb APPROVING

unobtrusiveness  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] APPROVING

subsequent   adjectivehappening after something else:

duet       noun [C]a song or other piece of music sung or played by two people

mutual   adjective

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abate   verb [I] FORMAL to become less strong:The storm/wind/rain has started to abate.The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating.See also unabated.

abatement   noun [U]

pursuit       noun [C usually plural]an activity that you spend time doing, usually when you are not working:I enjoy outdoor pursuits, like hiking and riding.I don't have much opportunity for leisure pursuits these days.

priory       noun [C]a building where monks or nuns live, work and pray

prior     noun [C]a man who is in charge of a priory or who is second in charge of an abbeySee also prior (EARLIER); prior (MORE IMPORTANT).

prioress       noun [C]a female prior

indolent  Hide phoneticsadjective LITERARYlazy; showing no real interest or effort:an indolent wave of the handan indolent reply

indolently   adverb LITERARY

indolence noun [U] LITERARYAfter a sudden burst of activity, the team lapsed back into indolence.

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indolent   adjective LITERARYlazy; showing no real interest or effort:an indolent wave of the handan indolent reply

indolently   adverb LITERARY

indolence   noun [U] LITERARYAfter a sudden burst of activity, the team lapsed back into indolence.

genial   adjectivefriendly and pleasant:The headteacher is very genial/has a genial manner.

genially   adverb

geniality       noun [U]His geniality, reliability and ability made him a popular figure.

mound   noun [C]1 a large pile of earth, stones etc. like a small hill:a burial mound (= a place where people were buried in ancient times)

2 a large pile of something:a mound of potatoes/papers

3 US the raised area in baseball from which the pitcher throws the ball

hesitate   verb [I] to pause before you do or say something, often because you are uncertain or nervous about it:She hesitated slightly before answering the inspector's question."Do you love me?" she asked. He hesitated and then said, "I'm not sure".[+ to infinitive] If you need anything, don't hesitate to call me.

treasure       verb [T] to take great care of something because you love it or consider it very valuable:I shall always treasure those memories of her.This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most treasured possessions.

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fret (WORRY)   verb [I] -tt- to be anxious or worried:Don't fret - I'm sure he's OK.She spent the day fretting about/over what she'd said to Nicky.

fretful   adjectiveBy midnight the children were tired and fretful (= complaining a lot because they were unhappy).

fretfully   adverb

murmur (COMPLAIN)       verb [I] to complain about something that you disagree with or dislike, but not in a public way:They were murmuring about the boss's nephew getting the job.

murmur       noun [C]a complaint which is expressed privately:After the report was published, there were murmurs of discontent round the office.

henceforth       adverb (ALSO henceforward) FORMAL OR LEGALstarting from this time:Henceforth, the said building shall be the property of Brendan Duggan.

incite   verb [T] to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent:She incited racial hatred by distributing anti-Semitic leaflets.[+ to infinitive] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers.They denied inciting the crowd to violence.

incitement   noun [U][+ to infinitive] They were imprisoned for incitement to commit grievous bodily harm.

hazard (RISK)     verb [T] 1 to risk doing something, especially making a guess, suggestion, etc:I wouldn't like to hazard a guess.

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2 FORMAL to risk doing something which might cause harm to someone or something else:The policy hazarded the islands and put the lives of the inhabitants at risk.

repent   verb [I] FORMAL to be very sorry for something bad you have done in the past and wish that you had not done it:He repented (of his sins) just hours before he died.

repentance   noun [U]This was an extremely violent crime, for which the boy showed no repentance.

repentant   adjective FORMALfeeling sorry for something that you have doneNOTE: The opposite is unrepentant.

pant verb [I] to breathe quickly and loudly through your mouth, usually because you have been doing something very energetic:Matteo arrived at the top of the hill, panting and covered in sweat.[+ speech] "Hurry! They're almost here, " she panted (= said while panting).

injunction   noun [C]an official order given by a court of law, usually to stop someone from doing something:[+ to infinitive] The court has issued an injunction to prevent the airline from increasing its prices.[+ ing form of verb] She is seeking an injunction banning the newspaper from publishing the photographs.

sober (SERIOUS)       adjectiveserious and calm:In fact the whole wedding was a sober affair - no dancing, just people standing around in groups chatting politely.Anthony was in a very sober mood - I scarcely heard him laugh all night.

sober       verb [I or T] to become more calm and serious, or to make someone do this:News of the tragedy has sobered us.

soberly       adverbseriously and reasonably:

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She was dressed very soberly in a plain grey suit.

sobering       adjectivemaking you feel serious or think about serious matters:a sobering thoughtSurviving a car accident is a sobering experience.

sobriety       noun [U] FORMALseriousness:We had the priest sitting at our table which instilled a little sobriety into the occasion.

sober (SERIOUS)       adjectiveserious and calm:In fact the whole wedding was a sober affair - no dancing, just people standing around in groups chatting politely.Anthony was in a very sober mood - I scarcely heard him laugh all night.

sober       verb [I or T] to become more calm and serious, or to make someone do this:News of the tragedy has sobered us.

soberly       adverbseriously and reasonably:She was dressed very soberly in a plain grey suit.

sobering       adjectivemaking you feel serious or think about serious matters:a sobering thoughtSurviving a car accident is a sobering experience.

sobriety       noun [U] FORMALseriousness:We had the priest sitting at our table which instilled a little sobriety into the occasion.

retrench   verb 1 [I] FORMAL If governments, companies, etc. retrench, they start spending less money, or reducing costs:The company had to retrench because of falling orders.

2 [T] AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH to dismiss a worker from their job as a means of reducing

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costs

retrenchment   noun1 [C or U] when a government, etc. spends less or reduces costs

2 [C] AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH when a worker is dismissed as a way of saving the cost of employing them:The downturn in business has resulted in many retrenchments.

answer (BE SUITABLE FOR)       verb [T] to be suitable for and satisfy someone's needs:He showed me some software that answered my requirements exactly.I've got a bit of furniture round the back that I think might answer your needs.

thence   adverb OLD-FASHIONED OR FORMALfrom there:We travelled to my parents' home and thence to my sister's.

pecuniary       adjective FORMALrelating to money:pecuniary interest/loss/benefita pecuniary matter

ne·ces·si·tous (n-ss-ts)adj.1. Needy; indigent.2. Compelling; urgent.

vigour UK, US vigor       noun [U]1 strength, energy or enthusiasm:They set about their work with youthful vigour and enthusiasm.

2 strength of thought, opinion, expression, etc:His book is written with considerable vigour.

vigorous       adjective1 very forceful or energetic:a vigorous debateThere has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road.He takes plenty of vigorous exercise.

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2 healthy and strong:Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring.

vigorously       adverb

tidings   plural noun OLD USEnews:tidings of great joy

tide (SEA)   noun [C]the rise and fall of the sea that happens twice every day:high/low tidethe tide is out/in

tidal   adjectiverelating to the tide:a tidal river

intuitive       adjectiveMen are often regarded as less intuitive than women.an intuitive approach/judgementMost people have an intuitive sense of right and wrong.

intuitively       adverbI knew intuitively that something dreadful had happened to him.

disordered   adjective confused and not organized a disordered mind

eligible  Hide phoneticsadjective1 having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the necessary conditions:Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave?You might be eligible for a grant.Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.

2 describes someone who is not married and is desirable as a marriage partner, especially

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because they are rich and attractive:I can think of several eligible bachelors of my acquaintance.

dismount  Hide phoneticsverb [I] to get off a horse, bicycle or motorcycle

con·spire (kn-spr)v. con·spired, con·spir·ing, con·spires v.intr.1. To plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action.2. To join or act together; combine: "Semisweet chocolate, cocoa powder, espresso, Cognac, and vanilla all conspire to intensify [the cake's] flavor" Sally Schneider.v.tr.To plan or plot secretly.

contrive  Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 to arrange a situation or event, or arrange for something to happen, using clever planning:Couldn't you contrive a meeting between them? I think they'd be ideally suited.[+ to infinitive] Somehow she contrived to get tickets for the concert.

2 to invent and/or make a device or other object in a clever and possibly unusual way:Do you think you could contrive something for hanging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe?

utterance      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 FORMAL something that someone says:The senator's weekend utterances were promptly rebutted by three of his colleagues on Monday.

2 LITERARY give utterance to sth to express your ideas or feelings in spoken words:She has one great fear to which she will never give utterance.

slight (INSULT)  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to insult someone by not paying them any attention or treating them as if they are not important:I felt slighted when my boss thanked everyone but me for their hard work.

slight  Hide phoneticsnoun [C] when a person fails to pay attention to someone or to treat them with the respect that they deserve:I regarded her failure to acknowledge my greeting as a slight.

slighted      Hide phonetics

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adjective I'm afraid I just didn't recognize him - I hope he didn't feel slighted.

gravel  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]small rounded stones, often mixed with sand:a gravel path

gravelled, US USUALLY graveled  Hide phoneticsadjective

gravelly  Hide phoneticsadjectivegravelly soil

conform      Hide phoneticsverb [I] to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour which are expected by a group or society:At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no place for originality.

complacency  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] (ALSO complacence) DISAPPROVINGa feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder:What annoys me about these girls is their complacency - they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons.There's no room for complacency if we want to stay in this competition!

complacent  Hide phoneticsadjective DISAPPROVINGfeeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder:a complacent smile/attitudeWe can't afford to become complacent about any of our products.

incumbent (NECESSARY)  Hide phoneticsadjective FORMALbe incumbent on/upon sb to be necessary for someone:She felt it incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting.

affirmative      Hide phoneticsadjectiverelating to a statement that shows agreement or says 'yes':an affirmative answer/responseNOTE: The opposite is negative.

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affirmative      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]a word or statement that shows agreement or says 'yes':She asked the question expecting an affirmative.He replied in the affirmative (= He said yes).MAINLY US "Were you in New York on March 3rd?" "Affirmative (= Yes)."

sheath  Hide phoneticsnoun [C]1 a close-fitting protective covering:The cable has a copper wire surrounded by a plastic sheath.The nerves are protected by thin sheaths of fatty tissue.

2 a cover into which a knife or sword fits so that the blade cannot cut someone when it is not being used:He drew the knife from its jewelled leather sheath.

echo      Hide phoneticsnoun [C] plural echoes1 a sound that is heard after it has been reflected off a surface such as a wall or a cliff:The echoes of his scream sounded in the cave for several seconds.Thick carpet would reduce the echo in this hallway.

2 a detail that is similar to and makes you remember something else:There are echoes of Mozart in her first piano compositions.

echo      Hide phoneticsverb echoing, echoed, echoed 1 [I] If a sound echoes or a place echoes with a sound, you hear the sound again because you are in a large, empty space:The sound of footsteps echoed round the hall.Suddenly, the building echoed with the sound of gunfire.

2 [T] to repeat details that are similar to, and make you think of something else:The design of the church echoes that of St. Paul's Cathedral.I've heard the Prime Minister's view echoed throughout the party.

perplexity      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]She stared at the instruction booklet in complete perplexity.the perplexities of life

contract (AGREEMENT)      Hide phoneticsnoun [C]a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself:a contract of employmenta temporary/building contract

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They could take legal action against you if you break (the terms of) the contract.My solicitor is drawing up (= writing) a contract.Don't sign/enter into any contract before examining its conditions carefully.[+ to infinitive] They're the firm of architects who won the contract to design the National Museum extension.

contract  Hide phoneticsverb [I or T] to make a legal agreement with someone to do work or to have work done for you:[+ to infinitive] They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.

contraction  

consent  Hide phoneticsnoun [U] SLIGHTLY FORMALpermission or agreement:They can't publish your name without your consent.You can only come on the trip if your parents give their consent.

consent  Hide phoneticsverb [I] to agree to do something, or to allow someone to do something:[+ to infinitive] Very reluctantly, I've consented to lend her my car.My aunt never married because her father wouldn't consent to her marriage.

consider (POSSIBILITY)      Hide phonetics

opportunity    

raptures      Hide phoneticsplural nounan expression of extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement:She went into raptures at the news of her success.She was in raptures about/over her first visit to Paris.

rapturous      Hide phoneticsadjectiveThe play was greeted with rapturous applause.

rapturously      Hide phoneticsadverb

flowing      Hide phoneticsadjectiveproduced in a smooth, continuous or relaxed style:flowing movements/linesI thought I recognized your flowing script.

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confess

profession  

conquer      Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 to take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force:The Spanish conquered the New World in the 16th century.The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066.

2 to deal with or successfully fight against a problem or an unreasonable fear:He has finally conquered his fear of spiders.It may be many years before this dreadful disease is conquered.

nominal (NOT IN REALITY)      Hide phoneticsadjectivein name or thought but not reality:She's the nominal head of our college - the real work is done by her deputy.

nominally      Hide phoneticsadverbThe province is nominally independent.

compare (CONSIDER SIMILARITIES)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] 1 to judge, suggest or consider that something is similar or of equal quality to something else:The poet compares his lover's tongue to a razor blade.Still only twenty-five, she has been compared to the greatest dancer of all time.People have compared me to Elizabeth Taylor.You can't compare the two cities - they're totally different.

2 does not compare If something or someone does not compare with something or someone else, the second thing is very much better than the first:Instant coffee just doesn't compare with freshly ground coffee.

3 compare favourably If something compares favourably with something else, it is better than it:The hotel certainly compared favourably with the one we stayed in last year.

compare      Hide phoneticsnoun LITERARYbeyond compare so good that everyone or everything else is of worse quality:Her beauty is beyond compare.

comparable      Hide phonetics

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adjective similar in size, amount or quality to something else:The girls are of comparable ages.Our prices are comparable to/with those in other shops.The two experiences aren't comparable.

comparably      Hide phoneticsadverbcomparably priced tickets

comparison      Hide phoneticsnoun [C or U]when something is considered similar or of equal quality to something else:She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison.To my mind there's no comparison between the two restaurants (= one is much better than the other).He's a good writer but he doesn't bear/stand comparison with Shakespeare (= he is not nearly as good as Shakespeare).

wreak  verb [T] wrought or wreaked, wrought or wreaked FORMAL to cause something to happen in a violent and often uncontrolled way:The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.She was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both him and his family.

delicacy

profit      Hide phoneticsnoun 1 [C or U] money which is earned in trade or business, especially after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services:She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.A year ago the Tokyo company had a pretax profit of 35 million yen.Company profits are down on last year's figures.You don't expect to make much profit within the first couple of years of setting up a company.He sold his house at a huge profit.

2 [U] the benefit or advantage that can be achieved by a particular action or activity:There's no profit to be gained from endlessly discussing whose fault it was.

sedate (DRUG)  Hide phoneticsverb [T] to cause a person or animal to be very calm or go to sleep by giving them a drug:When I saw him after the accident he was still in shock and was heavily sedated.

sedation  Hide phoneticsnoun [U]She's under strong sedation and should not be disturbed.

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sedative       noun [C]a drug used to calm a person or animal or to make them sleep

sedateness - a trait of dignified seriousness

incessant   adjectivenever stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way:incessant rain/noise/complaints

incessantly   adverb

attraction

complete (VERY GREAT)   adjective [before noun]very great or to the largest degree possible:The man's a complete fool!I need a break, a complete change of scene.I made a complete and utter mess of it!

completely   adverb in every way or as much as possible:I agree with you completely.She's completely mad.He'd completely changed - I didn't recognize him.

procure       verb FORMAL 1 [T] to obtain something, especially after an effort:She's managed somehow to procure his telephone number.[+ two objects] He'd procured us seats in the front row.

suspicion

stupefy (SURPRISE)      Hide phoneticsverb [T] to surprise or shock someone very much

stupefaction      Hide phoneticsnoun [U] FORMALTo her parents' stupefaction, she announced her intention to leave the next day.

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stupefied      Hide phoneticsadjectiveWe were so stupefied by the news that we all sat in silence for a long time.

stupefying      Hide phoneticsadjectivestupefying arrogance

stupefyingly  Hide phoneticsadverbstupefyingly rich

altar      

scrawl       verb [T] to write something quickly, without trying to make your writing tidy or easy to read:I scrawled a quick note to Judith and put it under her door.Someone had scrawled graffiti across the wall.

scrawl     noun [S]untidy writing that is difficult to read:P.S. I hope you can decipher my scrawl!

comment       noun [C or U]something that you say or write that expresses your opinion:I don't want any comments on/about my new haircut, thank you!He made negative comments to the press.I suppose his criticism was fair comment (= a reasonable opinion).She was asked about the pay increase but made no comment (= did not give an opinion).

comment       verb [I or T] to make a comment:My mum always comments on what I'm wearing.[+ that] He commented that the two essays were rather similar.The official refused to/declined to comment on the matter.

bribe   verb [T] to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents or something else that they want:He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally.[+ to infinitive] They bribed the waiter to find them a better table.

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disinherit verb [T] to prevent someone, especially a son or daughter who has made you angry, from receiving any of your property after your death:Her father said he'd disinherit her if she married Stephen.

desert n.1. Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment. Often used in the plural: They got their just deserts when the scheme was finally uncovered.2. The state or fact of deserving reward or punishment.

go off with sb (LEAVE) phrasal verbto leave a wife, husband or partner in order to have a sexual or romantic relationship with someone else:Did you know that Hugh had gone off with his sister-in-law?

wanton (WITHOUT CARE)       adjective FORMAL(of something bad, such as damage, cruelty, waste) extreme and showing complete lack of care:wanton destruction of human lifea wanton disregard for safetywanton extravagance

wantonly       adverb FORMAL

disquiet   noun [U] FORMAL anxiety:The leader's decline in popularity is causing disquiet among supporters.

continual   adjective happening repeatedly, usually in an annoying or inconvenient way:I've had continual problems with this car ever since I bought it.I'm sorry - I can't work with these continual interruptions.

plight (MARRY)   verb OLD USE OR HUMOROUSplight your troth to (promise to) marry

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sacred   adjective1 considered to be holy and deserving respect, especially because of a connection with a god:sacred relics/templesThis area is sacred to the Apaches.

2 connected with religion:sacred music/writings

3 considered too important to be changed:His daily routine is absolutely sacred to him.HUMOROUS The cricketers wore blue, not their usual white - is nothing sacred?

sacred cow noun [C] DISAPPROVINGa belief, custom, etc. that people support and do not question or criticize:They did not dare to challenge the sacred cow of parliamentary democracy.

glebe n.1. A plot of land belonging or yielding profit to an English parish church or an ecclesiastical office.2. Archaic The soil or earth; land.

tithe n.1. a. A tenth part of one's annual income contributed voluntarily or due as a tax, especially for the support of the clergy or church.b. The institution or obligation of paying tithes.2. A tax or assessment of one tenth.

residue       noun [C usually singular]1 FORMAL the part that is left after the main part has gone or been taken away, or a substance that remains after a chemical process such as evaporation:She cut off the best meat and threw away the residue.The white residue in/on the kettle is a result of minerals in the water.

2 LEGAL the part of a dead person's money and property that is left after taxes, debts, etc. have been paid:The residue (of the estate) went to her granddaughter.

trans·port tr.v. trans·port·ed, trans·port·ing, trans·ports 1. To carry from one place to another; convey. See Synonyms at convey.2. To move to strong emotion; carry away; enrapture. See Synonyms at enrapture.3. To send abroad to a penal colony; deport. See Synonyms at banish.

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n. 1. The act of transporting; conveyance.2. The condition of being transported by emotion; rapture.3. A ship or aircraft used to transport troops or military equipment.

thrill   noun [C]a feeling of extreme excitement, usually caused by something pleasant:the thrill of winning a competitionSo why do people still go hunting - is it the thrill of the chase?It gave me a real thrill to see her again after so many years.The video shows the thrills and spills (= excitement and accidents) of motor racing.

thrill   verb [I or T] Ballesteros thrilled the golf world with his performance.

thrilled   adjectiveextremely pleased:[+ that] I was thrilled that so many people turned up to the party.

hussy   noun [C] HUMOROUSa woman or girl who is sexually immoral:"You asked him out? Oh, you brazen/shameless hussy, you!"

concession (SOMETHING ALLOWED)

candour UK, US candor       noun [U]the quality of being truthful and honest, especially about a difficult or embarrassing subject:"We really don't know what to do about it, " she said with surprising candour.

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