seminary
TRANSCRIPT
High prevalence of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy
children in Thailand
Sebastián Calle DíazSebastián Vera Henao
Streptococcus:This is a Gram positive bacteria, as it is also the STAPHYLOCOCCUS.Both are COCIS .
Streptococcus is organized in chains.
Gram-positive lancet-shaped cocci arranged in
pairs (diplococci) or short chains
α-hemolysis
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and infections of
the upper respiratory tract such as otitis media, mastoiditis, and
sinusitis.
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
They are a common cause of conjunctivitis, especially in
children.
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and
mortality in developing countries
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
DR
It´s when an organism (like bacteries) doesn´t answer to a tratamient. It is caused by bad use
of the antibiotics.
MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT
What´s the problem?
-The diseases are becoming intractable, because with the inappropriate use of the medicaments, the people is generating MDR in the organisms; this is making that now, some diseases kill more people because there are not an effective treatment.
MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT
What´s the problem?
-It's something That is becoming a big problem. where doctors , pharmaceutical medicine and the comunity in general is trying to fight , because there are now some really dangerous diseases are presenting MDR
MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT
THE AIMN
Determine the prevalence of carriage rate
The antibiotic sensitivity profile
The genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae isolated from Thai
children.
Población Estudiada
• El estudio se realizo en 237 niños de la provincia de Phitsanulok, Tailandia.
• Eran pertenecientes a 4 escuelas: - Guardería.
- Jardín - Elemental
• Diferentes distritos: (1) urbano y (2) rulares.
Aislamiento bacteriano e identificación de
S.Pneumoniae
El aislamiento bacteriano se realiza para tener “bacterias puras” al momento de realizar un estudio y por lo tanto hacerlo mas confiable.
• Siembra por estría
Detección de 16S rRNA y el gen lytA por PCR
Se utilizó la PCR para la confirmación de las cepas de mediante la detección de genes 16S rRNA and lytA los cebadores utilizados fueron • 16S:
5-AGTCGGTGAGGTAACCGTAAG-35-AGGAGGTGATCCAACCGCA-3
• lytA:5-CAACCGTACAGAATGAAGCGG-35-TTATTCGTGCAATACTCGTGCG-3
Determinación de la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos
El método utilizado fue el estándar de difusión de disco.
Electroforesis en gel de campos pulsantes.
Es método utilizado para la separación de grandes fragmentos de ADN, induciendo su reorientación mediante cambios periódicos del campo eléctrico.
Authors What they said
Chen CJ,HuangYC,E tial
The result of S.pneumoniae nasal colonization in our study (16.0%) is close to the prevalence of S.pneumoniae in healthy children (27%) and pupils (14%) in northern Taiwan.
Agree
Bae S, Yu JY, EtialThis is in agreement with thePrevious report from Korea involving children aged 7—10Years old (12.2%).
Agree
Chen CJ,HuangYC,E tial
Nonetheless, the carriage rate of children less than 5 years in this study was lower than that reported of children in Zambia(71.9%), Brazil (55%), Hungary(37.7%) and Malaysia (35.4%).
Disagree
Bae S, Yu JY, EtialIncreased antibiotic consumption has been shown to contribute to emergence of antibiotic resistance in Streptococci.
Agree
MDR is a problem that the medicine has to evaluate and need to try to fight; and one
of the way is teaching the people the problems of this, because if educate the
comunity, maybe could cut back the MDR.
One of the biggest thing that we should see is that the kids are involved in this
problem, one thing more that shows how is incrementing this. A reason for fight
more with MDR.
Health staff should be in constant evolution at the moment of medical
prescription, because as we saw in this study, bacteria are in constant evolution
Thummeepak R, et al. High prevalence of multi-drug resis-tant Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Thailand. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.002
RYAN K.J., RAY C (2014). Streptococci and Enterococci. In RYAN K.J., RAY C (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, Sixth Edition. Retrieved February 21, 2015 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1020&Sectionid=56968767
Levinson W (2014). Gram-Positive Cocci. In Levinson W (Eds), Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 13e. Retrieved February 21, 2015from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1023&Sectionid=57053454.