selfsys
TRANSCRIPT
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fluidic mediated self‐assembly for complex, hybrid micro/nanosystems
J. Brugger, A. Martinoli, N. Spencer, B. Nelson, H. Wolf, H. Knapp, L. Sciboz
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Assembly challenge of N/MEMS
Today• Many different kinds of
micro/nano devices, MEMS, S&A, CMOS, OLED, etc
The challenge of tomorrow• Finding a way to assemble the
bricks into functional micro/nano-systems
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
SoA for integrating multifunctional N/MEMS
• Co-integration (if possible)• Separate fabrication followed by joining• Wafer Bonding; Tape automatic bonding• Pick & Place; Robotic assembly
• Challenge for highly miniaturized systems• Challenge for very large numbers of components
• SELFSYS: Contribute with enabling manufacturing for future micro-assembly applications
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fluidic mediated self-assembly
• Known concept in R&D• Using capillary forces to align components• At the interface of liquids• First industrial examples emerging
Srinivasan, Boehringer, U Washington, Seattle
LubricantHydrophobic area
Mastrangeli, van Hof, LambertIMEC, Belgium
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fluidic mediated self-assembly
10 mm
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fluidic mediated self-assembly
MEMS
Surfaces
Microfluidic
Modelling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
Applications10 mm
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
SELFYS synapsis
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
M/NEMS: J. Brugger (EPFL), Distributed systems: A. Martinoli (EPFL), Surface chemistry: N. Spencer (ETHZ), Nano-Robotics: B. Nelson (ETHZ), Microfluidics: H.
Knapp (CSEM), Self assembly: H. Wolf (IBM), RFID: L. Sciboz (icare Sion); add-on SELFSYS+: Ch: Hierold, D. Poulikakos (ETHZ)
8
Maurizio Gullo
(EPFL)
V. Nagaiyanallur
(ETH
Z)
DidiXu
(ETH
Z)
Jonas Wiene
n(CSEM)
GMermou
d(EPFL)
LoicJacot‐De
scom
bes
(EPFL)
CathreinHü
ckstädt
(ETH
Z)
Deep
ak Kum
ar(ETH
Z)
M. M
astrangeli
(EPFL)
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Progress within SELFYS
• MEMS part fabrication• Surface functionalization• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Progress within SELFYS
• MEMS part fabrication• Surface functionalization• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
10
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Investigated shapesShape:
Main material:
Expected advantages:
Expected disadvantages :
Scheme: Picture:
1Disc slices
SU‐8not restricted
to pairslow SA yield
2Flat
cylindersSU‐8
easy fabrication and handling
assembly possible on opposite side
3Rounded cylinders
SU‐8higher
pairing yield
4Half‐
spheresSU‐8 or
Ormocompeven higher yield in SA
smaller volume (cavity)
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Self-assembly of SU-8 cylinders
At water – Si oil interface: At water surface:
At the bottom: After water evaporated:
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fabrication of SU-8 microcapsules
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Fabrication of Bi-color SU-8 cylinders
SEM images of the cylinders before release (diameter ~ 100 um and height ~100 um)
Optical image of un‐specific assembled parts in DI water after stirring.
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Surface functionality for specific assembly
Yield(assembled/total): ~ 65 %
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Surface Modification of SU8
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Plasma treatment:
CA 70‐80 deg
CA < 10 deg
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Photo-cleavable polymer layerCovalent grafting of any desired polymer onto SU‐8 can be achieved by this methodology.
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Half-sphere shape by inkjetting
DAngle max at the edge: ν = CA + 180° ‐ ф
100 um
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Adhesion force modulation
0.00E+00
2.00E+05
4.00E+05
6.00E+05
8.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.20E+06
1.40E+06
1.60E+06
‐60 ‐40 ‐20 0 20 40 60
Force
Alignment [um]
Calculated surface correlation:
RingGoalMulti ring E2
E1
dE
Srinivasan et al. 2001, J. Microelectromech. Syst. 10 17–24
40um
Microfabricatedcapsules
Materials investigated:Carbon coated tip/sampleTeflon (C4F8) coated tip/sampleAu coated + dodeca thiols (DDT) monolayer tip/sample R=2µm
SphereTip©
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Force Curves / Teflon Coated Tip and Sample
Adhesion Force
retractivesnap out
DI water
Sample
Force Curve
parameter value
# curves 500
# positions 100
speed 0.5 Hz
rest time on sample 0.5 s
temperature 22°C
humidity 33%
tip
sample
teflon
movement
DI water
None or only very small and unstable attracting force could be observed for the Teflon coated tip and sample measurements
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Forces between surfaces / summary
0.00E+00
2.00E+05
4.00E+05
6.00E+05
8.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.20E+06
1.40E+06
1.60E+06
‐60 ‐40 ‐20 0 20 40 60
Force
Alignment [um]
RingGoalMulti ring E2
E1
dE
Material Attraction Force Adhesion force
DDT 6e-6 nN/nm^2 3.8e-4 nN/nm^2
Carbon 3e-5 nN/nm^2 4e-4 nN/nm^2
Teflon 0 nN/nm^2 1e-4 nN/nm^2
Material E2 E1 dE
DDT 1.16 mN 0.29 mN 0.87 mN
Carbon 1.23 mN 0.31 mN 0.92 mN
Teflon 0.31 mN 0.08 mN 0.23 mN
•Hydrophobic interaction forces could be quantitatively assessed by AFM.
•Carbon and DDT show similar adhesion force.
•Carbon better suited for micro fabrication.
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Progress within SELFSYS
• MEMS part fabrication• Surface functionalization• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
22
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
3 stage fluidic assembly system1. Preparation - Transfer of parts into
functional fluid2. Assembly - Agitation of particles to drive
self-assembly3. Sorting - Sorting out and transferring back
not correctly assembled partsSupply fluid cycle
Functional fluid cycle
Sedimentation filter
Reactionchamber
Sorter
Container for assembled parts
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Reaction chamberChamber size: 1 cm diameterInlet and filtered outletPiezo-actuationChange in amplitude/frequencyShear forces at bubblesBubbles moving around
RC‐Core
US‐transducers
Glass unit(laser cut)
PDMS ‐Sealing
Filter within sealing
Outlet
Outlet (filtered)
Inlet
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Progress within SELFSYS
• MEMS part fabrication• Surface functionalization• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
25
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Field assisted assemblyDielectrophoretic assisted assembly• RFID chips (mCHIP/Hitachi)
in liquid.• Micro-chips with unique
codes
Octomag motion of magnetic SU-8 flaps• Magnetic nanoparticle in
photo-patternable SU-8
+ + +– – –
V
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Progress within SELFSYS
• MEMS part fabrication• Surface functionalization• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
27
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Multi-scale modeling
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Can we devise a unique methodological framework for modeling and controlling these self‐assembling systems, across length‐scales?
Robotic building blockTypical size: 2 centimetersTypical swarm size: a few dozen unitsActive units: sensing and actuationCapillary and magnetic forces»»Stochastic, fluidic control (pump)
MEMS building blockTypical size 50 to 500 umTypical swarm size: 10^2 to 10^3 unitsPassive units: only local interactions»»Hydrophobic forces»»Stochastic, fluidic control (piezo)
5cm ALICE robotSwarmPower to moveSimple on board intelligenceCollective behavior
2D 2D 3D
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Modeling Distributed Systems
Microscopic 1: Monte Carlo model, 1 robot = 1 agent, non-spatial
Abs
trac
tion
Exp
erim
enta
l tim
e
Com
mon
met
rics
Microscopic 2: Agent-Based model, 1 robot = 1 agent, spatial
Macroscopic 2: Chemical Reaction Network, stochastic simulations
Macroscopic 1: rate equations, mean field approach, whole population
Define physical parameters suitable for simulation of distributed, self-organizing
(micro) systems
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Modeling / simulation
• 2-body motion / encounter
• 100-bodies
30
Material Attraction Force Adhesion force
DDT 6e-6 nN/nm^2 3.8e-4 nN/nm^2
Carbon 3e-5 nN/nm^2 4e-4 nN/nm^2
Teflon 0 nN/nm^2 1e-4 nN/nm^2
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
• Magnetic particles embedded in SU-8*• DNA coating on microcapsules• Thermal modeling**• enhance control of assembly/separation
Add-on tasks SELFSYS+
T>Tm T<Tm T>TmB=onB=on B=off Mix=onMix=offMix=on
a) directionality b) selectivity c) reversibility
Para‐magneticcapsule
* add‐on partner Ch. Hierold** add‐on partner D. Poulikakos/J. Thome
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Summary & Outlook
32
100 um
MEMS Modeling Fluidic assembly system
Hollow capsulesControlled liquid‐release
T>Tm B=off Mix=on
opening
Capsule disassembly
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
M/NEMS: J. Brugger (EPFL), Distributed systems: A. Martinoli (EPFL), Surface chemistry: N. Spencer (ETHZ), Nano-Robotics: B. Nelson (ETHZ), Microfluidics: H.
Knapp (CSEM), Self assembly: H. Wolf (IBM), RFID: L. Sciboz (icare Sion); add-on SELFSYS+: Ch: Hierold, D. Poulikakos (ETHZ)
33
Maurizio Gullo
(EPFL)
V. Nagaiyanallur
(ETH
Z)
DidiXu
(ETH
Z)
Jonas Wiene
n(CSEM)
GMermou
d(EPFL)
LoicJacot‐De
scom
bes
(EPFL)
CathreinHü
ckstädt
(ETH
Z)
Deep
ak Kum
ar(ETH
Z)
M. M
astrangeli
(EPFL)
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Liquid release from micro-capsule
Self‐assembled Blue ink encapsulated Ink released
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Hollow SU-8 microcapsules
Side view
Top view
overflow13 drops…
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Functionalization of SU-8 surface
PSS
PDDA
The charge characteristics are tested by dispersing SiO2 particles
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA) – positively charged surfacePoly styrene sulfonate (PSS) – negatively charged surface
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Microdrop printing of functional material
Luminescent NCsKim Small 2009
Printing on Hot‐SurfaceLee APL 2007
Bio‐PrintingPataky in prep
Polymer MicrolensesFakfouri MNS 2009
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Inkjet set-up
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Force Curves / Carbon Coated Tip and SampleAttraction Force
Adhesion Forceattractive snap in
retractivesnap out
DI water
Sample
Force Curve
parameter value
# curves 500
# positions 100
speed 0.5 Hz
rest time on sample 0.5 s
temperature 22°C
humidity 33%
tip
sample
carbon
movement
DI water
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Force Curves / DDT Coated Tip and Sample
A
B
C A
B C
Adhesion Force
DI water DDT
DI water DDT
Displacement of DDT Rearrangement of DDT
Fresh tip / sample
Sung et al, Appl. Phys. A 81, 109–114 (2005)
DI water DDT
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Modeling SA across scales
SelfSys Lily
~ m ~ cm
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SELFSYS - Fluidic-mediated self-assembly for hybrid functional micro/nanosystems
Summary
• Hollow MEMS fabrication• Surfaces: O2 plasma, polymer• In-liquid self-assembly experiments• Field induced assembly• Template induced assembly• Modeling
+ + +– – –
V
~
RFID chip
Gold bump
antenna
42