Self Sustainable Integrated

Township: A resource-based

planning to improve the quality

of urban life

A future of Inclusive Planning for all...

Ar.Sahil Singh Kapoor

M.Tech. (Urban Development and Management

TERI University, New Delhi

Sustainable Development in India: Challenges and Opportunities

1

• Integrated Township development approach of Micro Level planning

• Productivity

• Mobility

• Livability

• Minimize on Land

• Enhanced standard of living

• Increasing Competitiveness

• Urban Sprawl

• Traffic safety and accessibility

• Affordable Housing

Challenges Outcomes

Possible way

forwardEffects

“70% of the India of 2030 is yet to be built” – 2010 McKinsey Report

2

Objective

• The objective of this study is to analyze the potential shift towards Integrated Township

development with mixed land use, creating employment opportunities close to residential

place and requiring minimum land area.

Research Questions

• Can shift from conventional theories to Integrated Land use oriented urban planning

address ‘Sustainability’?

• A compact planning and coordinated infrastructure can tackle urban sprawl ?

• Can effective Decentralized solutions can optimize Basic urban services?

3

Literature Review

• Review of Integrated Township policy of States and TCPO

Preparing Conceptual Framework

• Socio-economic analysis for predicting demand of Physical infrastructure and provision of public services. (Census 2011, MoUD, Model Bye Laws, URDPFI guidelines 2014)

Developing 3d Model

• 3d Software AutoCad

• Urban Planning incorporating technological interventions

• Integration Land use and mobility planning

Methodology

4

Review of Integrated Township State Policy

Description Gujarat Integrated

Township Policy 2008

Uttar Pradesh Revised

Integrated Township

Policy 2014

Rajasthan Integrated

Township Policy 2007

EWS and LIG

Housing

Mandatory allocation of at

least 10% of land area

meant for residential

development

Provision of minimum

10% of total housing

units for both EWS and

LIG

7.5% of the total land under

Residential land use meant

for EWS/LIG housing

Commercial Provision of minimum 5%

of land area for commercial

development to sustain

EWS group and

recommendation of

minimum 5% of the total

proposed development area

for commercial purpose

use.

Maximum 8% of total

area under commercial

land use

Up to 5% of the total land

area

Mixed use Mixed use township with

recommended 10% of the

total developed area under

commercial land use

Maximum 12% of total

area under mixed land

use

Not considered

FAR of the

gross area

As per Building Bye-laws As per Building Bye-

laws

1

Source – Internet search

5

Experience of Integrated Townships in India

Source – Internet search

The two most lucrative examples of Integrated Townships in India are –

• Hiranandani Garden in Powai - Hiranandani Garden complex has numerous

facilities to support the residential establishment like Business Park, school,

hospital, shopping complexes and a hotel making it an integrated residential

cum commercial township.

• Magarpatta City in Pune - Similar to this is Magarpatta City located on the

outskirts of Pune city, comprising of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) offering

residential, IT and commercial.

Overview of Proposed Integrated Township

6

• Proposed Area = 5 sq.km (5,000 Hectares), 2.5 x 2 Km

• Average Population Density assumed = 2,500 persons/ sq.km

• Total Population = 12,500 Persons

• Types of Land use –

Residential – HIG - Plot, MIG - Group Housing and LIG+EWS - Affordable Housing

Commercial – Offices and CBD

Mixed Land use –Retail Shops, Household industries

Public & Semi Public – Hospitals, Education & Community centres (Social Infrastructure)

Green Spaces – Recreational and Parks

Utilities – Transportation and Facilities for Basic urban services

7

INTEGRATED MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE CITY

PROPOSED SUMMARY DETAILS

S.No. DESCRIPTION FIGURE ASSUMED REFRENCE SOURCECALCULATED

FIGUREREMARKS

1 PPRPOSED AREA 5 Sq.km (500 Hec)

2 Population Density assumed 2500 per sq.km. Noida Master Plan

2.1 Total Population assumed 12500

2.2Total Number of Households Avg 4 Person per Household

Chandigarh, Noida 3125

3 Population distribution as per Age Groups

3.1Age 0-4 0.09% of Total Population

Census_2011_Age data 187.5

3.2Age 5-9 10.48% of Total "

Census_2011_Age data 1875

3.3Age 10-14 10.96% " "

Census_2011_Age data 1500

3.4Age 15-59 60.29% of " "

Census_2011_Age data 8750

3.5Age 60 -99 0.08% of " "

Census_2011_Age data 187.5

4 Broad Classification

4.1Adolescent (10-19 Years) 20.90%

Census_2011_Age data 26.125

4.2 Young (15-24 years) 19.20% " 24

4.3 Adult (+18 years) 62.90% " 78.625

5 Gender Composition 5.1 Male 51.90% " 64.875

5.2 Female 48.10% " 60.125

6 Income Distribution AssumedEWS 60% of Total Population 0-3,300 Monthly per capita expenditure 7500

LIG 3-,300 - 7,300 "

MIG 35% of Total Population 7,300 - 14,500 " 4375

HIG 5% of Total Population Above 14,500 " 625

Demographic Analysis

8

S.No.Building

Description/Income Group

Population assumed

Plot Size (sq.mt)

Plinth Area

(sq.mt)

No. of Households/Plots

/DU

NO. of Storey

sFAR

Roof Top Area

(sq.mt)

Total Ground

Coverage

Max. Height(m)

Number of Multistore

y Buildings/

Hectare

Land Required (Hec)

1Plotted Development (HIG) 625(5% of 12500) 750 375 130 3 150 300 50% 12 9.75

13.33

2Group Housing, MIG

4375(35% of 12500) N/A

90 x 4 = 360 1095

Stilt + 3 180 360 65% 12

8.024691358

15.20

3LIG / EWS Housing

7500 (60% of 12500) N/A

50 x 4 = 200 1500 3 150 200 75% 8 12.5

10.41

TOTAL 40 Hec

4 HEALTHCARE

4.1Dispensary/Maternity Home 1 each per 10000 2000 660N/A 5 100 500 33% 15 2

0.25 x 2 = 0.50

4.2 Veteniary Hospital " " " 10.25

TOTAL 1 hec

5 EDUCATION

5.1Primary School 3 per 5000 2000 660N/A 2.5 120 600 33% 15 3

0.25 x 3 = 0.75

5.2 Sr. Secondary School 1 per 10000 6000 1800N/A 5 120 1000 30% 15 10.6

5.3 Sport Centre 1 per 10000 15000 1.5

TOTAL 3 Hec

6 SOCIO-CULTURAL

6.1Community Hall 1 per 10000 2000 500N/A 4 100 500 25% 12

0.25 x 2 = 0.50

6.2 Relegious Building 400 0.4

TOTAL 1 Hec

7 DISTRICT CENTRE

7.1 District Centre 10 Hec 30,000 N/A 4 125 30% 37 N/A 10 Hec

TOTAL 10 Hec

Buildings Design and Layout

Concept development of Integrated Township Master Planning

9

COMMERCIAL/OFFICE L SPACES

MIXED LAND USE

RESIDENTIAL LAND USE (HIG)

RESIDENTIAL LAND USE (LIG/EWS)

RECREATIONAL PARK

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCUTRE

MIG (GROUP HOUSING)

HOSPITAL BUILDING

EDUCATIONAL BUILDING

1010

HIG, PLOT (Area

750 Sq.mt)

CBD, COMMERCIAL

BLDGS.

MIXED LAND USE

EDUCATIONAL

BLDGS.

HOSPITAL BLDG.

RECREATIONAL

PARKS

MIG (GROUP

HOUSING)

Integration and Land use segregation

MULTI=STOREY

PARKING

LIG/EWS

(AFFORDABLE

HOUSING)

COMMUNITY

CENTRE

11

Mobility Planning for efficiency

DEDICATED PUBLIC

TRANSPORT CORRIDOR

CLOSED LOOP FOR FAST

MOBILITY

Inner movement =

200- 300 m (Walk able)

Outer Ring = > 500 m

, Private Vehicles

Middle Ring =300 -

500 m, Public Transport

12

Descript

ion

Waste

Generated/House

hold (Gram)

No. of

Househ

olds

Total Waste

generated (Kg)

HIG 500 130 65

MIG 300 1095 330

LIG/EWS 180 1500 270

Others 1200 25 300

Total 715 (Kg Per day)

Decentralized Solid Waste Management

A – Green/ horticultural Waste, Pellet making.

B – Compost making, Organic waste composting (OWC) unit, Cost

Rs 5 Lakh for 50 Kg, 50 – 500 Kg

* Area required for is 185 sq.mt. for single unit A,B.

A

A,B

A

A

A,B

A

A,B

B

B

13

Technological Options – Solid Waste Management (SWM)

Figure 1 – Process of Compost Making, Source -

gpwm.strikingly.com/

Compost Making – Organic/Kitchen waste

•Organic and dry recyclable waste initially processed in shredder

after segregation at household level. Following treatment is done in

the Organic Waste Composting (OWC) unit.

•Cost of OWC unit = Rs 7 lakh (200kg)

•Fig. 2 (Source - http://gpwm.strikingly.com/)

•Output – Organic Khad

Green/ Horticultural waste

•Green waste (Grass, dry leaves etc.) after processed in the shredder fed

into conveyor belt to dry moisture content. Further the waste goes for

Pellet press machine.

•Output - „Coal like substance‟ with good Calorific value.

•Fig. 2 (Source - http://gpwm.strikingly.com/)

Figure 2– Pellet making Plant. Source - gpwm.strikingly.com

45%

44%

11%

Composition of Solid waste in Private Township

Organic Inert Recyclabe

Figure 3 – Composition of Solid waste in private township.

Source - gphttp://www.unc.edu/

Rain Water harvesting

14

COST OF SINGLE BOREWELL = 1

Lakh. Total cost = 10 Lakh (approx)

A

B

B

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

B

B

A – Borewell rain water harvesting

B – Recharge well of 1 m in dia. and 6

m depth. 1 well for ¼ hec. area

A

A

A

B

Rain water harvesting potential

15

Description Roof area

(sq.mt)

Number of

Buildings

Total Roof Top

Area (Sq.mt)

Average annual

Rainfall (Delhi)

HIG (Plot) 350 130 45,500 (Avg 0.790 m)

MIG (Group

Housing)

470 1095 5 lakh

LIG (Housing) 250 1500 3.75 Lakh

Educational

Bldgs

10,000 4 40,000

Commercial

Bldgs

12,000 18 2 Lakh

Hospital 20,000 1 20,000

Community

centers

/Dispensaries

8,000 8 64,000

Total 11 Lakh 8.96 Lakh cubic

metre

Figure – Rain water Harvesting Group HousingFigure – Recharge well in Parks

Decentralize Waste water Treatment Layout

16

DEWAT SYSYEM, HIG, 130

Households, 75 KLD

DEWAT SYSYEM,MIG 264 KLD

DEWAT SYSYEM,MIG 264 KLD

DEWAT SYSYEM,LIG 250 x 2 KLD

DEWAT SYSYEM,LIG 250 x 2 KLD

Per capita waste

generation (lpcd)

Total

Population

Total waste water generated

(lpcd)

121 12500 15.12 Lakh

17

Description Wastewat

er

generate

d (KLD)

Name of

Technology

Treatment Method Number of

Plants

setup

Capital cost O & M (Rs

2000 / KLD

/ year)

(Lakh)

Reuse of Treated

water

HIG, Individual

Plots

75 DEWAT Sedimentation,

anaerobic digestion,

filtration and phyto-

remediation

75 x 1 Rs 35,000 1.50 Horticulture , Biogas

generation

MIG, Group

Housing

528 DEWAT “ 264 x 2 Rs 1,50,000 10.56 Horticulture , Biogas

generation

LIG, Affordable

Housing

1000 DEWAT “ 500 x 2 Rs 2,00,000 20 Horticulture , Biogas

generation

Total Rs 4,00,000

Decentralize Technological option Waste water treatment

Source – Centre for Science and Environment 2010.

DEWAT System

•Advantages –

Low maintenance

Offers conventional treatment system

Low on O&M

Reuse of Treated Water – Horticulture

•Disadvantages –

Aerobic large space requirement

Anaerobic – Odor and difficult to control

Figure – DEWAT Aravind Eye hospital, Pondicherry

, Source – Centre for Science and Environment 2010.

18

HIG, 8 KW

MIG, 13 KW

EDUCATIONAL BLDG, 50 KW

HOSPITAL BLDG, 300 KW

COMMERCIAL BLDG, 100 KW

COMMUNITY

CENTRE,10 KW

Solar Roof Top PotentialLIG/EWS, 10 KW

MULTI-STOREY

PARKING, 10 KW

Technological interventions for Sustainable cities

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Description Roof Top

area

available

(sq.mt)

Roof top

area covered

by Solar PV

(sq.mt)

Electricity

from Solar PV

(Kw hr)

Average

electricity

consumption

per day of

single

Household

(units)

Average

electricity from

Solar PV per day

(units)

Capital

Cost

(Lakhs)

HIG (Plot) 340 80 (25%) 8 15 x 2 = 30 4 x 8 = 32 8

MIG (Group

Housing)

440 120 (30%) 12 12 x 4 = 48 4 x 12 = 48 12

LIG (Affordable

Housing)

300 100 (35%) 10 10 x 4 = 40 4 x 10 = 40 10

Average electricity consumption in Building

(units)

Educational

Bldg

9000 500 (5 %) 50 2000 50 x 4 = 200 50

Commercial

/Office

Bldg/Hospital

30,000 1000 (5%) 100 5000 100 x 4 = 400 100

Others

Community

centers /

Dispensaries

8000 100 (2%) 10 2000 10 x 4 = 400 10

Source – BEE, India Source – BEE, India.

20

Description Solar

generation

(Kw)

Total Number

of Buildings

Total Solar Power

Generation (Kwhr)

Residential

HIG (Plot) 8 130 1040

MIG (Group Housing) 12 1095 13140

LIG (Affordable

Housing)

10 1500 15000

Other then Residential

Educational Bldg 50 4 200

Commercial /Office

Buildings

100 18 1800

Main Hospital

Building

100 1 100

Community centers/

Dispensaries

10 8 80

Total 31,000 KW

Calculated Solar Potential

Source – BEE, India

FEED INTO GRID

FEED INTO GRID

FEED INTO GRID

CAPTIVE USE

CAPTIVE USE

CAPTIVE USE

CAPTIVE USE

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Fig. – Compact cluster planning, Source -

http://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/IGDBooklet.PDF

Sustainable Building planning

Fig. –Compact cluster planning, Source -

http://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/IGDBooklet.PDF

Source: Own conceptual model

Compact cluster planning

Source: Own conceptual model

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Sustainable vs. Unsustainable

Description Parameters for Sustainable Township In case parameter is not considered

Road Design with dedicated bicycle

and pedestrian track

Segregated movement of Motorized and

Non- motorized transport (NMT) on

road with safety of NMT user.

Safety of NMT user is compromised and

discourages walking and bicycling.

Street Lights LED Solar street Lights with stand alone

installation

Electric connection for street light

Dual water supply and distribution

system

Individual portable and recycled water

supply lines to minimize water

consumption

Per capita water consumption will

increase significantly

Rooftop Rain water harvesting in

Buildings

Continuous replenishment of water table

and aquifer

Seepage of rain water

Artificial recharge well rain water

collection

Stored water used for horticulture Additional water for Horticultural

purpose

Storm water collection from street Collect excess rain water and recharge

ground water table

Ponding of excess water on street

Decentralized waste water treatment Treating and reusing of wastewater

through cost efficient approach

Costly centralized waste water treatment

with high Operational cost

Treatment of Organic waste Efficient treatment of Organic waste Maximizing waste to landfill since

segregation taking place

Treatment of Horticultural waste Treating daily green waste for valuable

output product

Burning of waste in open

Plastic waste to fuel Effective degradation of plastic waste Maximizing plastic waste to landfill

Roof top Solar generation Minimizing electricity from

conventional sources by 10%

Dependence on Conventional sources for

electricity

THANK YOU

“Medium and small cities, those which nobody knows about, are going to

grow faster in the future. Our century is about global cities.” The Mayor

of Istanbul

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