admission regulation of traffic to improve public transport in urban areas
DESCRIPTION
Admission Regulation of Traffic to Improve Public Transport in Urban Areas. Manuel Augusto Vieira Traffic Division of Lisbon’s City Hall Carlos Filipe Gomes Bispo Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica Instituto Superior Técnico. Outline. Introduction and Motivation The problem The approach - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Admission Regulation of Traffic to Admission Regulation of Traffic to Improve Public Transport in Urban Improve Public Transport in Urban
Areas Areas
Manuel Augusto VieiraManuel Augusto VieiraTraffic Division of Lisbon’s City HallTraffic Division of Lisbon’s City Hall
Carlos Filipe Gomes BispoCarlos Filipe Gomes BispoInstituto de Sistemas e Robótica Instituto de Sistemas e Robótica
Instituto Superior TécnicoInstituto Superior Técnico
OutlineOutline
• Introduction and Motivation
• The problem
• The approach
• The experiment
• Conclusions
INTRODUCTION and MOTIVATIONINTRODUCTION and MOTIVATION
The overal pictureThe overal picture
• Cars - Explosive– Increasingly being used for daily transportation.
– Increase in their number.
• Roads - Deficient– Mainly radial, discontinuities, etc.
• Public transport supply - Inadequate– Maladjusted supply and demand, no quality monitoring
• Urban growth – Chaotic– Services in the town
– Housing moving away from town
City of hills (space)City of hills (space)
• Lisbon – the capital city
• Close to one million inhabitants
• Over 3 million in the metro-politan area surrounding the city
• The roads are mainly radial in between the major hills
IC19
IC19
CR IL
CR IL
RA DIAL DE BE NF ICA
CREL
CREL
CREL
A 5A 5
A 5
P ONT E 25 DE A B R IL
AV. DA P ONT E
2ª C IRCU L A R
N 117
AV. M A RGINA L
2ª C IRCU L A R
City of hills (time)City of hills (time)
• Significant amount of commut-ers
• The morning peak more pronounced and well defined.
• The afternoon peak is “softer” and longer
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
1x104
2x104
3x104
4x104
5x104
Fluxo
Veí
culo
s/h
Período (horas)
Daily flow balanceDaily flow balance
• City has a wide network of sensors– Entry gates, traffic lights,
roundabouts, etc.
• One day picture of flow balance at all the gates
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM
All gates wide openAll gates wide open
• Daily “invasion” of private cars
• No tradition of car pooling
• Average circulating speed of buses is below 15 Km/h (less than 9.4 miles/hour)
• Public Transport “crushed” by the pressure of private trans-port
THE APPROACHTHE APPROACH
The alternative viewThe alternative view
• Main objective: to reduce the pressure exerted on the Public Transport (PT) by the Indivi-dual Transport (IT)
• What is the influence of IT over the average speed of PT?
• Are there bounds for the inflow of IT that will render PT competitive?– That is, average speed above
20 Km/h (12.5 miles/h), at least
Bus route under observationBus route under observation
CAIS DO SODRÉ
CAMPO GRANDE
Troço Chapa Tempo
Circulação (min)
Tempo Comercial
(min)
Início Paragens
CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 6 4 4 02-09-2002
5:36
2
CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 7 5 5 02-09-2002
5:49
2
CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 8 5 5 02-09-2002
6:01
2
CAIS SODRÉ - ROSSIO 1 6 6 02-09-2002
6:13
2
C. Sodré-Rossio 1710m
Rossio-Marquês 1760m
Marquês-Saldanha 890m
Saldanha-Entrecampos 1550m
Entrecampos-Campo Grande 1330m
TOTAL 7240m
Campo Grande- Entrecampos 1300m
Entrecampos- Saldanha 1570m
Saldanha- Marquês 890m
Marquês Rossio 1870m
Rossio- C. Sodré 1310m
TOTAL 6940m
S.A.E.I.P.1
CT 24
Gate under observationGate under observation
660 cars/h
30%
Av. Liberdade
880 cars/h
40%Av. Fontes P. Melo
Av. Joaquim A. Aguiar2.200 cars/h
Cars/hour vs. Bus speedCars/hour vs. Bus speed
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Vel
ocid
ade
(Km
/h)
Veículos/h
Veíc
ulos
/h
Período (horas)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Velocidade média
September, 16, 2002
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
VMC=12,27+21,96 exp[-(I-322)/1495)]
Vel
ocid
ade
méd
ia (
Km
/h)
Fluxo (veículos/h)
Speed as a function of in-flow rateSpeed as a function of in-flow rate
THE EXPERIMENTTHE EXPERIMENT
CPT 89- 11/2/2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
7:31
7:34
7:38
7:41
7:44
7:48
7:51
7:54
7:58
8:01
8:04
8:08
8:11
8:14
8:18
8:21
8:24
8:28
8:31
8:34
8:38
8:41
8:44
8:48
8:51
8:54
8:58
9:01
Período (horas)
Tem
po d
e ve
rde
(s)
February, 11, 2003 – no actionFebruary, 11, 2003 – no action
0
50
100
150
200
250
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00 0:0
0
CT5 5Minutes Z:311/02/03
Período (horas)
Nº ve
ículo/
5 mm
Período em análise
February, 12, 2003 – mild actionFebruary, 12, 2003 – mild action
MOUC089 Cycle Z:3 12/02/03
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
7:31
7:42
7:50
7:53
8:00
8:03
8:07
8:10
8:13
8:17
8:20
8:23
8:27
8:30
8:33
8:37
8:40
8:44
8:47
8:50
8:54
8:57
9:00
Período (horas)
Te
mp
o d
e v
erd
e (
s)
200
100 Vei
c./5
mm
0
50
100
150
200
250
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
0:00
CT5 5Minutes Z:3 12/02/03
Período em análise
Período (horas)
Nº
de v
eícu
los/
5 m
m
5,5 %
12/02/03
Forced
February, 13, 2003 – stronger actionFebruary, 13, 2003 – stronger action
CPT 89 - 13.2.2003
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
7:29
7:37
7:41
7:44
7:48
7:51
7:54
7:58
8:01
8:04
8:08
8:11
8:15
8:18
8:21
8:25
8:28
8:32
8:35
8:38
8:42
8:45
8:48
8:52
8:55
8:58
Período (horas)
Tem
po d
e ve
rde
(s)
0
50
100
150
200
250
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
0:00
CT5 5Minutes Z:3 13/02/03
Período em análise
Período (horas)
Nº d
e ve
ícul
os/5
mm
18,3 %
200
100 Vei
c./5
mm
13/02/03
Forced
Campo Grande – Cais do SodréCampo Grande – Cais do Sodré
10,00
20,00
30,00
5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12
Período (horas)
Velo
cid
ade
mé
dia
[K
m/h
]CS_11_02
CS_12_02
CS_13_02
Vmin 15Km/h
Vmin 36 %Vmin 13 %
Round tripRound trip
10,00
20,00
30,00
5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5 12
Período (horas)
Velo
cida
de
mé
dia
[K
m/h
]Total_11_02
Total_12_02
Total_13_02
Vmin=15km/h; delay=1,86 min/kmVmin 17km/h (13%) ; delay reduction of 20%Vmin 19km/h (36%) ; delay reduction of 45,7 %
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Closed Loop ControlClosed Loop Control
Individual Transport
Public Transport
ProcessController
DesiredSpeed
MeasuredSpeed
COMMAND SIGNAL
The done listThe done list
• Correlated individual transport flow with public transport speed;
• Contributed to understand the acceptable volume of individual transport;
• Demonstrated the validity of the study by conducting a real live experiment;
To do listTo do list
• All the gates and all the bus lines;
• Ways to regulate traffic:– Trough tolls
– Through explicit regulation of traffic lights
– Other
• In any case, always a political decision;
• Incidentally:– While this study was under way, Mayor decided to build a radial
tunnel on the gate under study, thus increasing the ability of individual traffic to reach the heart of the city!!!
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (ISR/IST pluriannual funding) through the POS_Conhecimento Program that includes FEDER funds.