Selecting & Defining Goals

1

Selecting Goals

• Purpose

• Choice vs. Change

• Ownership

• Decision

2

Purpose of Goals

• Provide direction for counseling tailored to

that client

• Help insure counselor has skills to help

• Help motivate and focus attention

• Guide in selections of strategies

• Guide in outcome evaluation

• Reactive--actually produce client change 3

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Choice vs. change

• What job to take

• Where to live

• Go to grad school

• Get married

• Stay in marriage

• Have children

• Improve job skills

• Accept where you are

• Increase score on

GRE

• Decrease fighting with

spouse

• Improve child

discipline

4

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Client Must Own Goal• I want to encourage my

husband to show more

leadership

• I want to be more loving

• I want to find ways so my

spouse will make me less

angry

• I want to stop enabling my

spouse to drink

• I want to decrease my

drinking.5

6

Client Must

Choose Goal

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Defining Goals

• Active: Behaviors & Thoughts

• Measureable

• Positive

• Conditions

• Level

• Shaped

• Sequenced

7

Active:

Behaviors

and Thoughts

Active

• I will take my son sledding

• I will increase times I

notice that I have done

something well

• I will do 2 things from my

“things I enjoy list” each

day

• I will join an book

discussion group this

week

Passive

• I to be a better father

• I want to like my self more

• I want to be happy

• I want to have more friends 8

Best Goals are Measurable

• I will be less anxious

• I will tell my self “I can handle this” 5 times

• I will call my sister and tell her I am angry

• I will move on from my anger toward my

sister

• I will eat moderately

• I will not eat after 6 PM.

9

Best Goals are Positive

• Increase study time

• Increase calming self talk

• Increase complimenting

spouse

• Increase days you

walk more than

2000 steps

• Decrease insomnia

10

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Conditions: Where and When

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Best Goals Specify Level

• I will speak 5 times in each class

• I will improve in my self image

• I will call more people this week

• I will call 2 persons each day

12

Shaped: Willy will

1. Read a book with no pictures about a friendly,

helpful dog.

2. Read an illustrated book about a helpful, friendly do

3. Look at photographs of dogs playing/walking nicely

with youngsters.

4. Watch dogs in a movie or television program

(select this media carefully).

5. Watch a pleasant natured dog through a window.

6. Watch a pleasant natured dog tied to a stake or

clothes line from the other side of a fence.

7. Play with the neighbor's untrained Saint Bernard.13

Best Goals are Realistic

• I want exercise for 60 minutes every day

• I want to read new book every week.

• I want to decrease my stress to zero

• I want to stop eating any salt

• I want to fill every order I get from the

customer perfectly

• I want to get over 95% on every test

14

Sequence

1. I will try my new idea on my friend

2. I will try my new idea on my colleagues

3. I will try my new idea on my boss

15

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Examples

• I want to decrease my worrying to less

than 30 minutes each day

• I want my husband to spend 1 hour each

week with each child

• I will learn to play the organ and play

Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor

• I will do 20 minutes of relaxation training

twice a day

16

What to measure?

• Frequency

• Duration

• Latency

• Intensity

• Occurrence

18

Frequency

• How often I say to myself “your stupid”

• How many times a day I think about food

• How many pages I read

• The number of times I speak in class19

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Duration

• How long did you cry?

• For how many minutes

did you exercise?

• How many lines did

you journal?

• How long did the

headache last?

• For how long did stay

in the room?20

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Latency

• How late were you

for work?

• How long did it take

you to start to clean

the basement?

• How long did you

have to wait?

• How many days

before you began

your assignment? 21ClickArt Photo

Intensity

• On a 1 to 7 scale

how intense was

the headache?

• Rate how intense

was your fear?

• How exhausted

were you today?

• How extreme was

your anxiety?22

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Occurrence

• Did you bury the dog?

• Did you file the taxes on

time?

• Is the trash taken out?

• Have you taken the pill?

• Did you call her to tell

her you would be late?

23ClickArt Photo

Examples

• Couple wants to increase

foreplay

• He is concerned they do

not make love often enough

• She is concerned that he

is often premature

• He is concerned if she has taken her pill

• Se feels that his mind is often wandering

• He is frustrated that it takes her so long to

reach organism 24

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How to measure?

• Interviews

• Self-monitoring

• Self-ratings

• Self-report

inventories

• Role Play

• Imagery

• Physiological

Measures 25

Interviews

26

1. Ethnic origin (check only

one):

-White not Hispanic

- Asian or Pacific Islander

-Black not Hispanic

-Filipino

-Hispanic

-American Indian/Alaskan

Native

- Other: ___________

2. Please circle the highest

year of school completed:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23+

(primary) (high school)

(college/university) (graduate

school)

3. Are you currently (check

only one):

-Married -

-Separated -

-widowed

-Single –

-divorced http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/diabquest.pdf

Self-monitoring

27

http://www.ccbd.net/documents/bb/Fall2005vol15no1pp21-24.pdf 2/20/2010

http://cindywd.com/Self_monitoring.doc 2/20/2010

http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/KYB-3-Self%20Monitoring.pdf 2/20/2010

Self-ratings

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This self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was developed by Zung as a self-

reporting instrument for patients being evaluated for anxiety-associated

symptoms. The patient answers 20 questions related to the frequency of

various symptoms. The following online version is provided for

educational purposes only.

1 I feel more nervous and anxious than usual.

2 I feel afraid for no reason at all.

3 I get upset easily or feel panicky.

4 I feel like I'm falling apart and going to pieces.

5 I feel that everything is all right and nothing bad will happen.

6 My arms and legs shake and tremble.

7 I am bothered by headaches neck and back pain.

8 I feel weak and get tired easily.

9 I feel calm and can sit still easily.

10 I can feel my heart beating fast.

11 I am bothered by dizzy spells.

12 I have fainting spells or feel like it.

13 I can breathe in and out easily.

14 I get feelings of numbness and tingling in my fingers and toes.

15 I am bothered by stomaches or indigestion.

16 I have to empty my bladder often.

17 My hands are usually dry and warm.

18 My face gets hot and blushes.

19 I fall asleep easily and get a good night's rest.

20 I have nightmares.

Source:

William W.K. Zung. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.

Psychosomatics. 1971.

http://www.anxietyhelp.org/information/sas_zung.html 2/20/2010

Self-inventories

1. What kind of person am I?

2. Write out what you consider are your good points.

3. Do I get along with most people?

4. Am I too shy?

5. Am I sarcastic?

6. Am I overly critical?

7. Do I possess a distorted sense of values?

8. Do I suffer from an inferiority complex?

9. Am I adrift without goals in life?

29

http://www.hypnosiseducationcenter.com/self-inventory.html 2/20/2010

Role Play

30

Imagery

31

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Physiological Measurement

32ClickArt Photo

When to measure?

• Baseline

• Treatment

• Post-treatment

• Follow-up

B T PT FU

33

Baseline

• How many times

do you criticize

your self before

we begin

treatment?

B T PT FU

34

Treatment

• After one week of

replacing the

negative thought

with a positive,

how often do you

criticize yourself? B T PT FU

35

Post-treatment

• Now that we are

working on your

seeking a job not

your self-talk how

often do you

criticize yourself? B T PT FU

36

Follow-up

• 6 months after

leaving treatment

how often do you

criticize yourself?

B T PT FU

37

Are Goals Biblical?

38

Luke

13:32

• He replied,

"Go tell that

fox, 'I will

drive out

demons

and heal

people

today and

tomorrow,

and on the

third day I

will reach

my goal.'39

2 Corinthians 5:9• So we make it our goal to please him,

whether we are at home in the body or away

from it.

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40

Galatians 3:3

• Are you so

foolish? After

beginning with the

Spirit, are you

now trying to

attain your goal by

human effort?

41

Philippians 3:14

• I press on toward the

goal to win the prize for

which God has called

me heavenward in

Christ Jesus.

42

1 Timothy 1:5

• The goal of this

command is love,

which comes from

a pure heart and a

good conscience

and a sincere faith.

43

1 Peter 1:9

• for you are receiving the

goal of your faith, the

salvation of your souls.

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