sector level policies: research on designing smart cities
TRANSCRIPT
Sector Level Policies:Research on Designing Smart Cities towards Low Carbon Society
Shuichi AshinaManager of International Coordination Office / Senior Researcher
National Institute for Environmental Studies
E-mail: [email protected]
http://www-iam.nies.go.jp/aim/ http://www.nies.go.jp/
The presentation includes research outcomes from The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (ERTDF, 2-1402, 2-1404, 2-1702 and 2-1711), the “Project to Advance MRV and Related Techniques in Indonesia for the Promotion of a Joint Credit Mechanism (from FY2014-2017)”, the “Project to Promote CO2 Technology Assessment (from FY2014-2017)” of Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and Japan and the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) by JST/JICA (the Japan Science and Technology Agency and the Japan International Cooperation Agency).
The Training Programme on Climate Change for Bhutanese Policy MakersFebruary 7, 2018 at Climate Change Research Hall, NIES, Tsukuba
Key Points of the Paris Agreements• Long-term goal
• Keeping warming below 2 degrees Celsius, while pursuing actions to stay under 1.5 degrees.
• Reaching net zero GHG emissions in the second half of the century.
• Emissions targets• Setting national targets for reducing GHG emissions every five years.
• Tracking progress towards the long-term goal through a robust transparency and accountability system.
• Loss and Damages• Recognizing the importance of averting, minimizing and addressing loss
and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change.
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What we should do: Taking the Actions for LCS ASAP!
However…
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• All we know Taking Action is Important!
Why We need to Reduce GHGs!
• Less we know How We Can Reduce GHGs?
What Action is Suite for Us?
Who’s Actions are Crucial for?
Where is a Source of GHGs?
How Much does it Cost?
Science and Research could deliver Solutions and Roadmaps toward Low Carbon Society
1990
19941997
2001
20042006
20072008
20102009
AIM ERI(China), IIM(India), MoE(Indonesia) , Seoul U (Korea)
Japan LCS Project(FY2004-FY2008)
Japan-UK Joint Project(FY2006-FY2007)
Asia LCS Project (FY2009-FY2015)
JST/JICA SATREPS Project(FY2011-FY2015)
LCS-RNet (FY2009-)
AIT
Malaysia
COP3
Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam
2050Low Carbon Society
2011
Training workshop at COP8, India
AIM project started
Brief History of Low Carbon Society Study in AIM
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Green buildingsSelf-sustained city
Decentralized services
Eco awarenessEffective communication
Dematerialization
Next generation vehiclesEfficient transportation system
Advanced logistics
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90
20
00
20
20
20
50
20
10
BaU scenario
Interventionscenario
EE improvement
New energy
Energy saving
Structure change
Life-stylechange
Tech. innovation
Urban structure IT-society
Techno-Socio Innovation Study
GHG reduction target(eg. 60-80% reduction by 1990 level)
Evaluate feasibility of GHG reduction target
Long-termScenario
DevelopmentStudy
Develop socio-economic scenario, evaluate counter-measures using econ-techno models G
HG
em
issi
on
Middle-termTarget year
Loge-termTarget year
Transportationsystem
- 1
135
Valid
Equity
Suitable
Effective
ReductionTarget study
Advisory board:advice to project
60 Researchers
Propose the direction of long-term global warming policy
[FY2004-2008, Global Environmental Research Program, MOEJ]
Research Project on Japan Low Carbon Society Scenarios toward 2050
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Depicting Socio-economic Visions in 2050:Two different but likely future societies
Vision A “Doraemon” Vision B “Satsuki and Mei”
Vivid, Technology-driven Slow, Natural-oriented
Urban/Personal Decentralized/Community
Technology breakthrough
Centralized production
/recycle
Self-sufficient
Produce locally, consume
locally
Comfortable and Convenient Social and Cultural Values
2%/yr GDP per capita growth 1%/yr GDP per capita growth
Akemi Imagawa
Doraemon is a Japanese comic series created by Fujiko F. Fujio. The series is about a robotic cat named Doraemon, who travels back in time from the 22nd century. He has a pocket, which connects to the fourth dimension and acts like a wormhole.
Satsuki and Mei’s House reproduced in the 2005 World Expo. Satsuki and Mei are daughters in the film "My Neighbor Totoro". They lived an old house in rural Japan, near which many curious and magical creatures inhabited.
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70
%re
du
ctio
n
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61
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13
38
97
28
17
41
36
CCS
Carbon CaptureStorage
Change of activity
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2 E
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CO
2 E
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50
CO
2 E
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Change of activity
Imp
rove
men
t o
f ca
rbo
nin
ten
sity
o
f en
ergy
su
pp
ly
Imp
rove
men
t o
f ca
rbo
nin
ten
sity
o
f en
d-u
se
Imp
rove
men
t o
f en
ergy
inte
nsi
ty
of
end
-use
Red
uct
ion
o
f d
eman
d
Ener
gy d
eman
dse
cto
rEn
ergy
su
pp
ly s
ecto
r
Ind
ust
ryTr
ansp
ort
atio
nR
esid
enti
al &
co
mm
erci
alEn
ergy
su
pp
ly
Reduction of service demand
Improvement ofenergy intensity
Improvement ofcarbon intensity
Reduction of service demand
Reduction of service demand
Improvement ofenergy intensity
Improvement ofenergy intensity
Improvement ofcarbon intensity
Improvement ofcarbon intensity
Improvement ofcarbon intensity
・High economic growth, Increase of service demand per household, Increase of office floor (increase)・Servicizing of industry, Decline in number of households,
Increase of public transportation (decrease)
・Fuel switch from coal and oil to natural gas
・Insulation・Energy use management (HEMS/BEMS)
・Efficient heat pump air-conditioner, Efficient water heater, Efficient lighting equipment・Development and widespread use of fuel cell・All-electric house・Photovoltaic
・Advanced land use / Aggregation of urban function・Modal shift to public transportation service
・Widespread use of motor-driven vehicle such aselectric vehicle and fuel-cell electric vehicle・High efficiency freight vehicle・Improvement of energy efficiency (train/ship/airplane)
・Power generation without CO2 emission・Hydrogen production without CO2 emission
・Fuel mix change to low carbon energy sources such as natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy・Effective use of night power / Electricity storage・Hydrogen (derived from renewable energy) supply
・Farm products produced and consumed in season
GHG 70% reduction in 2050 for Scenario A: Vivid Techno-driven Society
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GHGemissionspercapita
Withh
ighdam
age
onEco
nomyan
d
Natu
ralSystem
Developed
Developing
DevelopmentofAsiaLCSScenarios (1)Depic ngnarra vescenariosforLCS (2)Quan fyingfutureLCSvisions (3)Developingrobustroadmapsbybackcas ng
Policy Packages for Asia LCS
SustainabledevelopmentthroughLCS Futuretrendsonsocio-economiccondi ons,energy,resources,regionaldiversity,culture,lifestyle,etc.
Ins tu onaldesignforint’lcoopera on Ins tu onaldesignforinterna onalcoopera on,regionalregime,etc.
Low-CarbonSociety
LCTransporta on • Low-CarbonCitywithLCtransportsystem
• Granddesignforfuturetransport
system Backcas ng
DiversityofAsia
• EncouraginginframingforLCpolicyineachAsiancountries
• Assistanceforinterna onalnego a onswithscien ficbasis
• Approachesforint’lLCSac vityframework • NetworkingamongLCSresearchinAsia
Sustainableresourcemanagement
• Construc ngmaterialaccounts
• Low-Carboniza on
throughimprovementresourceproduc vityandmaterialrecycle
Research Project on Asia Low Carbon Society Scenarios toward 2050
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• The global emissions will become 1.8 times larger compared to the 2005 level and emissions in Asia will be doubled under the reference scenario.
• It is feasible to reduce GHG emissions in Asia by 69% by introducing ten actions and Others (CH4 and N2O emissions from other than agriculture and livestock) appropriately compared to the reference scenario in 2050.
GH
G E
mis
sio
ns
(GtC
O2e/
year
)
Action 1: Urban Transport
Action 2: Interregional Transport
Action 3: Resources & Materials
Action 4: Buildings
Action 5: Biomass
Action 6: Energy System
Action 7: Agriculture and Livestock
Action 8: Forest & Landuse
Others (CH4 and N2O emissions from other
than agriculture and livestock)
GHG emissions in Asia (LCS)
Global GHG emissions (LCS)
Global GHG emissions (Reference)
There is potential to reduce GHG emissions by 69% compared to the reference case in Asia
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GHG emissions in Reference and LCS scenarios
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Our Next Challenge:How to Mobilize People and Society?
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• Transition to the LCS needs to gain the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders, including policy makers, international aid agencies, private companies, local communities and NGOs.
• However, in many cases, national solutions are solutions for somebody that one is not.
• For getting their concern, science and research are expected to establish methodologies and deliver actions and roadmaps effective for their daily lives and businesses – FOR THE CITY!
Methodology for Designing Regional/City LCS Scenarios:New Paradigm should be proposed
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• Region/Subnational is NOT miniature version of national situation.
• Regional characteristics should be considered for designing regional/city low carbon society scenarios.
Source: http://energy-indonesia.com/03dge/Soeripno%20Martosaputro.pdf
Example: Wind situation differs island and island, and area by area.
AIM’s Approach: Multi Scale Scenario AnalysisThree different scales but interactive approaches are employed in Low Carbon Society Scenario Study in AIM
Global and Pan-Asian scale approach
National scale approach
Local scale approach De
taile
d a
nd
sh
ort
er-
term
an
aly
sis
Ag
gre
ga
ted a
nd lo
ng
er-te
rm
an
aly
sis
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Model World
National AIM Models: Integration of Energy-Economy-Environment
Impact/Adaptation Model
Emission Model
【Country】
【Global】
【Enduse model】
【Economic model】
【Account model】
【sequentialdynamics】
【dynamicoptimization】
【Local/City】
Agriculture
Water
Human health
Simple Climate Model
Other Models
future society
Population Transportation Residential
GHG emissions
temperature
【Global】 【National/Local】
feedback
AIM/Impact[Policy]
Burden share Stock-flow
mid-term target
IPCC/WG3
IPCC/WG2
IPCC/integrated scenario
carbon tax
long-term vision
Accountingadaptation
low carbon scenario
Mitigation Target, Climate Policy, Capacity building, ... Real World
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New Modeling Approach: Multi-layered Regional Modeling System
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TargetSpa
alScale
Na onal
Region
Province
Municipality
District
Na onalScaleAnalysisModels Electricity
Heat Enduse
Technology Industry
Subna onalScaleAnalysisModels Electricity
Heat Enduse
Technology Industry
LocalScaleAnalysisModels Electricity
Heat Enduse
Technology Industry
StrategicUrbanDesignModels RES IND COM ENE
DistrictDesignModels RES IND COM TRP Infra
LowCarbonAreaDesignModels
EnergySupply
MaterialRecycling
RenewablePoten al
ForestEco-system
LowCarbonAc onDatabase
Buildings Industry
Agriculture
Renewable Lifestyle
Technology
Macro-scaleSystemDesignModels
Spa al/GIS-basedModels DetailedD
esign
Outlin
eDesign
Aiming Science to Action: Collaborative Scenario Development with Policymakers
http://2050.nies.go.jp/LCS
Core research members
Application and development to actual LCS processes
Development and maintenance of study tools/models
Each country’s domestic/ local research institute
Policy makers
Central/regional government
administration Development
Agencies
NGOs
Collaboration for LCS scenario development and building roadmaps
Request of more practical, realistic roadmaps and also tractable tools for real world
India
China
Japan
Malaysia
Vietnam
Thailand
Indonesia
Korea
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Activities on City-scale LCS Studies
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Recent Progress: “Bhutan Low-Carbon Society Scenario Study 2050”
Research Team: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kyoto University (KU), Okayama University (OU), NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
Joint Coordinating Committee: Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA), Federal Department of Townand Country Planning (JPBD), Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC)
Sponsorship: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) , Japan Science and Technology (JST)
Period: 2011 - 2016
Research Output:i. Methodology to create LCS scenarios which is appropriate for Malaysia is developed.
ii. LCS scenarios are created and utilised for policy development in IM.
iii. Co-benefit of LCS policies on air pollution and on recycling-based society is quantified in IM
iv. Organizational arrangement of UTM to conduct trainings on LCS scenarios for Malaysia and Asiancountries is consolidated, and a network for LCS in Asia is established
Introduction: Overview of the ProjectDevelopment of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions
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BackgroundIskandar Malaysia: Key Challenges
Size: 2,216.3 km²
Population: 1.3 mil. (2005) I 3.0 mil. (2025)
GDP: 35.7 bil. RM (2005) I 141.4 bil. RM (2025)
IssuesRapid urbanization and industrializationHigher energy demand and CO2 emission Decouple economic growth and emission on fossil fuel
CO2 Reduction target in Malaysia:
Voluntary 40% reduction of CO2
emission intensity by 2020
Blueprint – 3 main thrusts –Green economy, community and environment.=12 actions
Joint collaboration work of UTM, KU, NIES under SATREPS program
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Potential Mitigation Options for Iskandar MalaysiaGreen Economy, Green Community and Green Environment
Green Economy 59%
Green Community21%
Green Environment20% Green Economy
1 Integrated Green Transportation
2 Green Industry
3 Low Carbon Urban Governance
4 Green Building and Construction
5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy
Green Community
6 Low Carbon Lifestyle
7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building
Green Environment
8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design
9 Smart Urban Growth
10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources
11 Sustainable Waste Management
12 Clean Air Environment
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Potential Mitigation Options for Iskandar Malaysia12 Actions Towards Low Carbon Future
Mitigation Options CO2
Reduction
%
Green Economy 7,401 59%
Action 1 Integrated Green Transportation 1,916 15%
Action 2 Green Industry 1,085 9%
Action 3 Low Carbon Urban Governance* - -
Action 4 Green Building and Construction 1,338 11%
Action 5 Green Energy System and Renewable Energy 3,061 24%
Green Community 2,557 21%
Action 6 Low Carbon Lifestyle 2,557 21%
Action 7 Community Engagement and Consensus Building* - -
Green Environment 2,510 20%
Action 8 Walkable, Safe and Livable City Design 264 2%
Action 9 Smart Urban Growth 1,214 10%
Action 10 Green and Blue Infrastructure and Rural Resources 620 5%
Action 11 Sustainable Waste Management 412 3%
Action 12 Clean Air Environment* - -
Total 12,467* 100%
* Action 3, 7 and 12 does not have direct emission reduction, but their effect is included in other Actions.
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Work Breakdown Structure of 12 LCS Actions
Action
Sub-actions
Measures
Programs
1.0 Key Policy Actions needed to achieve the final goal of the project (targeted 50% cut in carbon emission intensity by 2025 based on 2005 levels)
1.1 Sub-actions needed to produce policy outcomes that jointly lead to the achievement of a key Policy Action
1.1.1 Measures that are more detailed breakdown and interpretation of Sub-actions into strategies with a clearer implementation dimension
1.1.1.1 Programs – Specific activities, deliverables, from which resource requirements, budget,implementation agencies and duration may be identified/estimated
Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian RegionsLCS Actions for IM – Work Breakdown Structure
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Action 1: Integrated Green Transportation
1.1Integrated Public Transportation
1.2Improving JB-
Singapore, JB-KL Connectivity
1.3Diffusion of Low
Carbon Passenger Vehicles
1.4Enhancing Traffic Flow Conditions &
Performance
1.5Green
Transportation in Rural Areas
1.6GreenFreight
Transportation
1.1.1Public transport
system improvement
1.1.2Introducing rail-& water-based
public transport
1.1.3Efficient & seamless intermodal transfer
(interchange) facilities
1.2.1Intercity high-speed
rail transit (HSRT)
1.3.1Promote the use of low carbon vehicles
1.4.1Transportation
Demand Management (TDM)
1.5.1Improve public
transport services & use in rural areas
1.6.1Modal shift to greener freight
transport modes
1.6.2Promote
green/hybrid freight transport
1. Route network expansion planning (improve network coverage and connectivity)
2.Increase bus frequency, improve punctuality and reliability
3. Real time arrival information
4. Public transport reimaging
5. Flat rate tickets and central area free shuttle services
6. Web based journey planner
1. Route network planning
2. Connectivity & integration with existing public transport modes
1. Integrated ticketing system (across all platforms)
2. Public transport interchanges as destinations & urban activity nodes
3. Park and ride facilities in suburban transit nodes
1. Integrate Singapore MRT (SMRT) system with Iskandar Malaysia Light Rail Transit (IMLRT) & bus systems
2. JB Sentral as HSRT-SMRT-IMLRT hub
1. Government agencies to use hybrid vehicles/ electric vehicles
2. Tax reduction for hybrid vehicle purchase
3. Gradual phasing out of diesel engine buses
4. Subsidy for purchase of hybrid buses
1. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
2. Enhancing traffic signal performance
3. Enhance the use of Variable Message Sign (VMS)
4. Tidal flow and contra-flow along primary radial routes
5. Increase parking charges
1. Provide hybrid bus services from rural areas to urban areas
2. Provide school bus services for students in rural areas
3. Subsidise rural area hybrid bus services
1. Modal shift from road-based to rail-based freight transport
2. Modal shift to ship-freight transport
1. Tax incentives for freight operators in acquisition of hybrid freight vehicles
Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian RegionsLCS Actions for IM – WBS by Action
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Bridging Research and Policy in Iskandar Malaysia
Identifying Low Carbonizing Potential in IM
PM approved Dozen Action as official program in IM
Proposal of 10 Actions by IRDA
Roadmap towards Low Carbon IM
Continuous Discussion with Stakeholdersincluding researcher, policymaker, business, NGOs
Approval by PM(Dec 2012)
COP19 (Nov 2013)
COP17 (Dec 2011)
March 2014Approvals and Implementation Committee (AIC) in IRDA endorsed the BP and Roadmap as formal government plan
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For example, energy access (Goal 7) needs to take actions in
rural area…
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Electricity access in 2014 - Regional aggregates
Region
Population without
electricity
millions
Electrification
rate
%
Urban
electrification
rate
%
Rural
electrification
rate
%
Developing countries 1,185 79% 92% 67%
Africa 634 45% 71% 28%
North Africa 1 99% 100% 99%
Sub-Saharan Africa 632 35% 63% 19%
Developing Asia 512 86% 96% 79%
China 0 100% 100% 100%
India 244 81% 96% 74%
Latin America 22 95% 98% 85%
Middle East 18 92% 98% 78%
Transition economies & OECD 1 100% 100% 100%
WORLD 1,186 84% 95% 71%
SOURCE: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2016
AND for Developed countries
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• Goal 7 of SDGs aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all.
0
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1880 1895 1910 1925 1940 1955 1970 1985 2000 2015
PrimaryEnergyConsu
mption[M
toe]
RenewableandOthers Nuclear Gas Oil Coal Hydro TraditionalBiomass
Meiji |Taisho| Showa | Heisei Period:
0
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Oil Crisis
3.11
OIL
COAL
GAS
NUC
• Japan depends on almost modern energies.• These are reliable and sustainable (or clean) ?• Developed countries also need to innovative city design.
City is Spatially Homogeneous?
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Distribution of Population in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Fukushima Prefecture
Mountains Area
Maritime Area
Commercial Center Area
Changing City Structure will be Expected
both Developing and Developed Countries
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Concentration (1)Relocation to Urban Area
Concentration (2)Relocation to City Core
Relocation
Urban
Area
Status QuoCity keeps Everything as is.
Urban
Area
Urban
Area
City Core
RelocationRelocation
Relocation
Relocation
• Cities will transform at any one time.
• Some city will be centralized, and others will be decentralized.
• Policy and Business (including transportation authority) lead such
transformation.
Target City: Koriyama in Fukushima
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Tsukuba Headquarters
Fukushima Branch
(2016.4-)
Lake Biwa Branch Office (2017.4-)
Koriyama City
We are Here!
Analytical Flow of Developed Model
• The model calculate energy
service demand and energy
supplied based on Land-use
and urban structure.
• 5-m DEM is used for energy
service calculation.
• Energy supplied from
renewables and CHPs are
determined energy demand-
supply balance in the
city/area.
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Land-use and Urban Structure
(Population etc, 1 km x 1 km (5-m DEM))
Evaluation of Energy Service Demand
Analysis of Low Carbon Measure
in Demand-side
Calculation of Energy Service Needed
Evaluation of Renewable Energy Supplied
Analysis of CHP Location and Energy (Heat
and Electricity) Supplied
Energ
y D
em
and
Energ
y
Sup
ply
Detailed Structure of Developed Model
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Solar and Wind Potentials
Energy Demand Analysis Energy Resource Analysis
Evaluation of Solar and Wind
Potential in consideration of
Climate Change
94%
96%
98%
100%
102%
104%
106%
108%
110%太陽光発電
現在値
MIROC5_RCP8.5_2060
MRI_RCP8.5_2060
Spatial Distribution of Energy
Demand
Evaluation of Current and Future
Energy Demands by Mesh.
(c) Low Carbon Energy System Design Model for Region and Urban Area (Regional AIM/Enduse)
Design on Regional/Urban Area Energy System based on
Spatial Distribution of Energy Demands and Resources, and
Evaluation of Impacts on Low Carbon (CO2 Reduction) by
Implementing the Designed System.
Design on Biomass
Distribution SystemIndustrial SymbiosisIndustrial Demand and Design
Sysmtem based on idea of
Industrial Symbiosis
Comprehensive Design on Regional Energy System
Design System for Biomass
Distribution and Evaluation
of Supply Potential
冷房
暖房
給湯
動力・照明
冷房
暖房
給湯
動力・照明
年間総需要量41.69 TJ
業務
住宅
(万tCO2)
11%
14%
54%
1%
20%
削減量内訳:川崎
CEMS(需給調整)
CEMS(需要抑制)
未利用熱利用
熱電併給
対策後排出量
排出量:25,631 (tCO2)
削減量:20,533 (tCO2)
(削減率 80%)
36%
14%
6%
44%
削減量内訳:西荻窪
CEMS(需給調整)
CEMS(需要抑制)
未利用熱利用
熱電併給
対策後排出量
排出量:28,907 (tCO2)
削減量:16,194 (tCO2)
(削減率 56%)
4%
14%
11%
71%
削減量内訳:東京
CEMS(需給調整)
CEMS(需要抑制)
未利用熱利用
熱電併給
対策後排出量
排出量:37,816 (tCO2)
削減量:10,832 (tCO2)
(削減率 29%)
10%
14%
68%
7%
削減量内訳:千葉中央
CEMS(需給調整)
CEMS(需要抑制)
未利用熱利用
熱電併給
対策後排出量
排出量:8,651 (tCO2)
削減量:8,018 (tCO2)
(削減率 93%)
未利用熱の大きい臨海地域: PVポテンシャルの大きい住宅隣接地域:
電力需要が大きく未利用熱源と近接しない都心部密集地域: 未利用熱と住宅PVの活用により大きな削減率が見込める地域:
駅名は必要に応じて削除
駅名は必要に応じて削除 駅名は必要に応じて削除
駅名は必要に応じて削除
Simulation Tool for Energy Demand Management
Simulation Tool for Impacts of Energy
Management System on Demand
Reduction
Simulation of Energy Management
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30分間隔の需給計画値
ピークカット ピークシフト
電力
電力 割安な時間帯
にシフト節電
Design on Energy Infrastructure
Locational Planning on Energy Infrastructure
Design on Locational Planning
on Energy Infrastructure based
on Spatial Distribution of
Energy Demands and
Resources.
Creating City Simulation Model from Real World
2018/02/07 33
①②
③
④ ⑤
⑥
⑦ ⑧
⑨
⑩
⑪ ⑫⑬
【評価対象地区】
Urban Strategy by the Government Modeled Urban Centers and Population
Distribution
Results in Koriyama: Energy Service Demands
• Energy service demand distributes almost in accordance with
urban area.
• High energy service demands for detached house can be
observed suburbs, in contrast, that for multifamily buildings and
commercial buildings are in city centers.
2018/02/07 34
Detached House Multifamily Buildings Commercial Buildings
Central
Station
Results in Koriyama: Feasibility of CHPs
• CHP business could be successful in the area with 7,000
person/km2 and 7,000 employees/km2.
• Only three (3) center cores can be installed CHP system.
• Center 7 and 8: Surrounding Area of City Hall, Hospitals and
Shopping Centers
• Center 9: Surrounding Area of Central Station
2018/02/07 35
Amount of Energy Supplied by CHPs
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
コジェネによる熱+電力供給量
(TJ)
拠点番号
2010
2030
2050
Numeric Number of Urban Centers
Energ
y S
upplie
d b
y C
HPs
(Ele
ctrici
ty +
Heat) (
TJ)
Results in Koriyama: Reduction of CO2 Emissions
• Installation of PV system and CHPs leads to the reduction of
CO2 emissions in Center 7 & 8 (near City Hall) and Center 9
(near Central Station).
• Energy efficient appliances and renewables are main sources of
CO2 reduction in suburb area.
2018/02/07 36
Amount of CO2 reduction by Centers
2030 2050CO2削減量[tCO2]CO2 Reduction
[tCO2]
Results in Koriyama: Contribution by Measures
• Total amount of CO2 reduction in 2050 is 270 ktCO2.
• 22.7% of total CO2 emissions in 2007 (1,187 ktCO2)
• CO2 reduction comes from 24% of energy efficient technologies,
38% of PV and 38% of CHPs.
2018/02/07 37
CO2 Reduction by Measures
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2010 2030 2050
CO
2削減量
[万tC
O2
]
拠点集約化
再エネ
単体技術
単体技術
集約効果(需要削減、事業導入)
拠点集約化シナリオ
BAU(ベースライン)
単体技術
再エネ(PV)
単体技術+再エネ
Energy Efficient Technology
Energy Efficient Technology
+Renewables
Energy Efficient Technology
+Renewables+CHPs
No CO2 Reduction Measures
(Baseline)
CO
2Red
uct
ion [1
0 k
tCO
2]
Current Challenge(1) : Holistic Design System for Smart City
2018/02/07 38
• Three different but mutually interrelated designing methodology should be developed.
3. Project Design
2. Spatial Design
Land use zoning
/network design
1. Macro Design of the city・ Population, industries
・ Core developments
・ Energy locality
Alternative future
vision
▪ Zoning and regulation
▪ District planning
▪ HEMS/BEMS/CEMS
▪ Energy grid design
Core projects for
Smart City
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
億円
試算の結果例 (域内総生産)
なりゆきシナリオ
LNG立地シナリオ
産業振興シナリオ
環境産業共生シナリオ
▪ Land use distribution
patterns
▪ Local energy network
▪ Location of core
developments
温浴施設
植物工場
ガスパイプライン
戸建て住宅 戸建て住宅
LN G基地
複合商業施設
集合住宅(寮)
CO 2供給
新地町役場D R イベント参加状況の確認
エネルギー センター
発電機蓄熱装置
CEM S※
Vision of the City
Area Design
National Institute forEnvironmental Studies
strives to contribute to society through
Networking, Integrating,Evolving and Synthesizing
environment research based on a firm understanding of the interaction between nature, society, and life on our planet.
2018/02/07 39
Thank You for Your Kind Attention!