sections b1 - b5

Recording Form Section B

Location and Context Details

Completed for panels still in the landscape

• Recording date• Landscape situation• Orientation and slope• Proximity to water• Underlying geology• Land use• Context• Location Sketch & Notes

Section B1 – B5

Section B: Date

B1. Landscape Situation

Information gathered in this section will assist researchers to look at topographical similarities & differences between sites at

both regional and national level

This section is a simplified version of the one used previously on NADRAP which had 15 choices. We’d welcome feedback


Terrain: Topography directly around the panel (approx 10m) but the wider landscape needs taking into account

• Sloping - on a hillside, a crag, valley lip

Sloping


Terrain: Sloping HangingstonesSwastika stone

Pipers Crag

SteadPanorama Rocks area

Pancake RockPlanets Rock

Rombalds Moor(ish) Cross section

S Green Crag SlackS Woofa Bank


Terrain: Sloping

Pipers Crag

Lanshaw area



• Sloping - on a hillside, a crag, valley lip• Flat - terrace, plateau, gentle slope, uneven but predominately flat ground


Terrain: Flat

Ben Rhydding

Nr Cow & CalfHotel


Green Crag SlackWoofa Bank

Backstone Beck

Flat

Woofa Bank


Flat

Green Crag Slack

Flat Backstone Beck

SlopeFlat

FlatSlope

Flat

Green Crag Slack



• Sloping - on a hillside, a crag, valley lip• Flat - terrace, plateau, gentle slope, uneven but predominately flat ground• Other – cave (likely to be our saviour category too)


Position: Topography of the wider landscape• Top - panel is at or close to the highest elevation in the area for example a hill top.• Middle - panel is moderately elevated for example on a hill or valley side (most panels on Rombalds fall into this category)• Bottom - valley floor• Other - ??

IlkleyKeighley / RiddlesdenRombalds Moor Cross section

Bottom

Valley Floor

Very few panels willfall into this

category



Middle

Panels in elevated

positions, but not the

highest part of the

landscape

Majority of panels on Rombalds will fall into the category

Sample record Backstone Beck 06



Top

Panels on, or very near the highest part of

the landscapeOnly a small

number of carvings will fall into this category <10


B1. Orientation and Slope of Panel

This section records the panels orientation, plus the ° slope/inclination and direction of the carved surface. Information gathered will again inform researchers of

characteristics at site, regional and national level

B1. Orientation

Preparation

• Use the compass to identify where north is

• Helpful to measure the panel to identify the long axis

• Draw an outline of the panel over the compass wheel to fix the orientation to the cardinal points.• The panels shape can either be copied from the IAG drawing (preferred option) or drawn freehand• Draw a straight line to represent the direction of the longest axis, showing the main orientation of the panel

B1. Orientation and Slope of Panel

B1. Slope of Panel

• Record the slope of the carved surface relative to the horizontal (not the slope of the ground)

B1. Slope of Panel

B1. Slope of Panel

• Record the slope of the carved surface relative to the horizontal (not the slope of the ground)

• If there are multiple carved surfaces sloping in different directions, don’t complete this section

B1. Slope of Panel – How to (1)• If you have an inclinometer in your compass, turn the dial so that the little red arrow points to 0 on the interior scale when the long edge of the compass is on a horizontal surface. Make a straight edge parallel to the rock surface by resting a ruler or ranging pole lightly on the rock surface, and then hold your compass on the ranging pole so that the long edge of the compass is parallel with your straight edge. Read the number off the compass dial to get the inclination of the rock surface

or• Make a straight edge parallel to the rock surface with your ruler or ranging rod, and then extend a piece of string horizontally out from the rock surface (use a spirit level to ensure the string is horizontal). You can then use a protractor to measure the (smaller) angle between the horizontal string and the ruler or ranging rod.

B1. Slope of Panel – How to (2)

Compasses at the ready;

B1. Slope of Panel

• Record the angle of the slope of the carved surface of the rock relative to the horizontal (not the slope of the ground).

• If there are multiple carved surfaces sloping in different directions, don’t complete this section

Read off the angle and either insert an X within the appropriate angle range, or ring the range

B1. Orientation of Slope

• Record the orientation of the slope from top to bottom

• If multiple sloping surfaces nothing will be entered here, but can be mentioned in panel notes section B7

SE

NW

B1. Proximity to water

Why record the proximity to water:

• Some researchers believe there is correlation between water and sites chosen for carving rocks and types of motifs• Panels are quite often very close to water sources such as springs• In the central Yorkshire area (W and N) rock art sites are generally placed on upland terraces above major rivers such as the Aire, Wharfe and Nidd• Caveat: Difficult to prove as people needed to drink


What we’re recording (within 100m) • Springs• Water courses - rivers, becks, streams etc (not modern drainage or leats)

Fieldtrip Preparation • Check an OS Map or online map service such as; http://magic.defra.gov.uk/ (guidance sheet forthcoming) to see if springs are in the area you’re recording

Recording in the field • In the field measure distances (m) to water source using a tape (can be awkward due to the distances)• Use measurement tools on online applications such Google Earth or http://magic.defra.gov.uk/ (Guidance Sheet No13 forthcoming)

http://magic.defra.gov.uk/





Tick the appropriate boxes for the water

sources

Enter distance

in metres


What we’re recording (within 2km) • Lake/tarns - ponds, lakes, tarns (not modern reservoirs)

Fieldtrip Preparation • Check OS Map or online map services for nearest tarn etc

Recording in the field• Measure distances (m) to water source using a tape (can be awkward due to the distances)• Use measurement tools on online applications such Google Earth or http://magic.defra.gov.uk/ (guidance sheet 13 forthcoming)


B1. Underlying Geology

Why is understanding geology important?An understanding of basic geology is essential for Rock Art

Recording. An appreciation of the variety of natural geological forms allows identification of rock types, helps carved motifs to be distinguished from natural features, and provides a basis for

assessing both the current condition and identification of potential threats to the rock surface (Guidance Sheet No.6)

What is meant by Underlying Geology?The layer of rock nearest the surface

B1. Underlying GeologyThere are three main classes of rock;

Igneous - a rock or mineral that solidified from molten or partly molten material e.g. Granite, Andesite, Basalt

Sedimentary - Rock formed from accumulations of sediment, which may consist of rock fragments of various sizes, remains or products of animals or plants, products of chemical action or of evaporation, or mixtures of these e.g Sandstone, limestone, coal

Metamorphic - Rock derived from pre-existing rocks by marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress, and chemical environment, generally at depth in the Earth's crust e.g. marble, schist

B1. Underlying Geology

In this area, the underlying geology is Sedimentary

sandstone from the Millstone Grit Series which covers over 30 different types including Doubler

Stones Sandstone, Longridge Sandstone,

Addingham Edge Grit, East Carlton Grit.

Complete fields as appropriate.

Geology Walk / Study

An Introduction to the Geology of the Millstone Grit Series

Mike Short has kindly offered to lead two 2-hour guided field trips to Otley Chevin Forest Park Geology Trail

OnWednesday 23rd February & Sunday 27th February 2011

10:00am – 12:00noonAimed at

CSI volunteers who have limited or no knowledge of the geology of the ‘millstone grit’ and

also open to those volunteers with knowledge who have not visited the Chevin Forest Park Geology Trail

Email flyer will be sent out soon

B1. Current Land Use

Current land use will aid the management and conservation of the panels i.e. a panel on M.O.D land

may be in greater danger than one on moorland

B1. Current Land use

Heathland/moorland – unenclosed land with rough grass, heather and/or bracken cover

Undisturbed grassland – enclosed grassland not actively managed to improve the quality of the pasture

Improved pasture – enclosed land improved through mechanisms which might include stone clearance, drainage etc

Wood/forest – a plantation, or a natural/managed woodland or forest.

Bog/marsh – a boggy or marshy area

Arable – panel within or at the edge of an arable field or ploughed land.

Urban – built environment including parkland, gardens, thoroughfare waste ground

Military – land owned the MoD., e.g. for training.

Conservation – area set aside for nature conservation, e.g. Woodland Trust or Nature Reserve (SSSI?)

Other – please describe any other land uses not covered above.

B1. Current Land use

Record details of current land use

• Tick the most appropriate box even if two uses could be applied

• Most rock art recorded for CSI will be Heathland / Moorland

Record details of current land use

• Tick the most appropriate box even if two uses could be applied

• Most rock art recorded for CSI will be Heathland / Moorland

B2. Prehistoric Features within 250m

In this section record all the prehistoric features 250m around the panel. Some of the archaeological remains may be contemporary

with the rock art and this data will allow further analysis and study of the panels context

Don’t worry if you don’t know what these features are and what to look for, this will come in time with a mixture of training and

experience

You may find it easier to complete this section after the Location Sketch has been drawn (B4)


Preparation

• Check the IAG location notes they may contain details of features• You’ll be given copies of Scheduling Reports and HER records which detail other features• You can check enthusiast websites such as The Modern Antiquarian, The Megalithic Portal and The Northern Antiquarian for nearby sites, some sites might not be in official records yet


For the Fieldwork• Walk around the area of the panel (250m if possible) and see how many features you can find (don’t forget HER, scheduling reports)• Discuss and agree with team members and tick the appropriate box• Remember, it may be helpful to complete this section after the sketch depending on the sketch scale

B3. Location Notes

N.B. For Notes fields on the Recording Form we’re not expecting academic paper quality. The information should contain useful information which

may assist researchers and heritage managers in the future

The location notes are intended to give a general overview of the panels location, direction, landscape context and association with other features.

Although this section appears before the Location Sketch (B4.) in the form, you may find it easier to produce the Notes after the sketch has been drawn

B3. Location Notes

What should Location Notes they include

• Add the IAG location notes (prior to fieldtrip)• Ensure brief directions to the panel are detailed including easily identifiable features such as walls, paths• Give a brief description of the surrounding topography• Archaeological context as detailed on the sketch (B4.)• Possibly features identified on B2. (prehistoric features)• Extent of views (today)• Prominent natural features that can be seen• You can complete in note format out in the field and fully write up later (but do them before you forget)• If you couldn’t locate panel, detail extent of search • Also see Guidance Sheet No.14 on Writing Notes

B3. Location Notes

Further training will be forthcoming and time to practice during the Trial Phase !!

B4. Location Sketch

A plan sketch detailing the area around the particular panel or area, showing the location and distances to other

features

The plan should be kept simple as there’s no requirement for a detailed archaeological survey using drawing conventions.

B4. Location Sketch

Preparation

• Have other records such as HER / Schedule Reports handy so you know which features should be in the area

• Walk around the vicinity and identify all the features to record

• From the features identified decide on the best scale to be applied on the plan grid

B4. Location SketchFeatures that might be included

sections b1 - b5

Business

landscape situationterrain

landscape situationposition

landscape situationinformation

landscape situation

wider landscape needs

landscape majority of

panels orientation

panel approx