section –a (vsq). chemistry second y… · 4. what is vulcanization of rubber? a. the process of...

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SECTION –A (VSQ) 1. Define Antibiotics. Give an example. A. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth or destroy

microorganisms. Ex: Penicillins, chloramphenicol, sulphadiazine etc. 2. What are Antacids? Give an example. A. Antacids: Chemicals that remove the excess acid in the stomach and maintain the pH to normal level are

antacids. Ex: Omeprazole, Lansoprozole etc. 3. Define Hormone. Given an example. A. Hormone: Hormone is defined as an “Organic compound synthesised by the ductless glands of the body

and carried by the blood stream to another part of the body for its function.” Ex: Estradiol, Estrone etc. 4. What is Vulcanization of Rubber? A. The process of heating the natural rubber with sulphur (or) sulphur compounds at 373-415 K to improve its

properties is called vulcanisation of rubber. 5. Write the formulae for the following compounds.

a) Tetra ammine Copper (II) Sulphate b) Potassium tetra Chloro Platinate. A. a) Tetra ammine Copper (II) Sulphate

3 44Cu NH SO

b) Potassium tetrachloro palatinate

2 4K PtCl 6. What is Reimer-Tiemann reaction? Give equation. A. Reimer-Tiemann reaction: Chloroform in the presence of alkali reacts with phenol to form salicylaldehyde,

6 5 3 6 4 23 3 3Phenol Chloroform SalicylaldehydeC H OH CHCl NaOH C H OH CHO NaCl H O

Salicylaldehyde is ortho hydroxyl benzaldehyde

CHO

OH

Salicylaldehyde

7. Name the products A and B formed in the following reactions. . . 23 2 46 6 260

H NiCon HNO Con H SOC

C H A B

A. . . 23 2 4

6 6 6 5 2 6 5 260 Nitrobenzene(A) Aniline (B)

H NiCon HNO Con H SOC

C H C H NO C H NH


8. Define order of reaction. A. Order of a reaction: It is the sum of the powers of the concentration terms in the rate equation of the

reaction. 9. Give the composition of Brass. A. Composition of Brass: 60-80% Cu, 20-40% Zn. 10. What is PHBV? How is it useful to man? A. PHBV is the poly -hydroxy butyrate-Co- -hydroxy-valerate. It is a copolymer of 3-hydroxy butanoic acid and 3-hydroxy pentanoic acid. Uses: It is used in the field of medicine for making capsules It is used in special packaging It is used in orthopaedic devices 11. Give the deficiency diseases caused by A, D, E, K Vitamins. A.

S.NO. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES

1 A Night blindness, Redness in eyes

2 D Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults

3 E Sterility

4 K Blood coaqulation is prevented

12. What are Food preservatives? Give example. A. Food preservatives: Chemical which are used to enhance the appeal and preservation of the food are

called food preservatives. Ex: sodium benzoate, salts of propionic and sorbic acids etc.

Anti oxidants are more reactive towards oxygen and retard the action of oxygen so preserve the food. Ex: BHT, BHA, 2SO , etc. 13. What is Williamson’s Synthesis? Give equation. A. Ethyl chloride reacts with sodium ethoxide to form diethyl ether. This reaction is called Williamson

synthesis. 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5C H Cl NaOC H C H OC H NaCl 14. Write Hell Volhard Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction with equation. A. When acetic acid is treated with chlorine in presence of red phosphorus mono, di and trichloro acetic

acids are formed. This reaction is known as HVZ rection.

HOOCH3C Cl2red P(-HCl)

Cl

CH2COOHCl2

Red 'P' (-HCl)

ClCHCOOH

Cl

Cl2Red 'P' (-HCl)

CCl3COOHtrichloro acetic acid

15. What are the characteristics (a, b, c and , , values) in a tetragonal system?

A. Characteristics of tetragonal system: a b c ; 90 Ex: 2SnO

16. What is Tetrahedral hole? A. Tetrahedral hole: A hole formed by three spheres of a layer in contact with each other and another sphere

of next layer of a crystal.


17. Define Rate of reaction. A. Rate of reaction: Change in molar concentration of either reactants or products per unit time (sec) unit –

moles 1 1lit sec . 18. Give the composition of Nichrome. A. Composition of Nichrome: It is alloy of Ni(60%), Fe(25%) and Cr(15%) 19. Give any two examples for Semi-synthetic Polymers. A. Semi-synthetic polymers: Ex: cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate i.e. rayon. 20. Give the sources and deficiency diseases of vitamin E and K. A. Sources of Vitamin E – wheat, egg yolk ; Vit K – Green vegetables. Deficiency diseases of Vitamin E –

sterility; Vitamin K – Blood co-agulation is prevented. 21. What is Carbylamine test (iso-cyanide test)? Give equation.

A. Carbylamine reaction: It is used to detect 01 amines. CHCl3

OH1 A min e Isocyanide ( Bad smell)

2 3 2Ph NH CHCl KOH PhNC KCl H O ..

22. Explain the action of HI on Diethyl ether ( 2 5 2 5C H OC H ) in cold and hot conditions.

A. Action of HI on diethyl ether: HI

2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5coldC H OC H C H I C H OH HI2 5 2 5 2 5 2hotC H OC H 2C H I H O

23. Calculate the number of particles present in a fcc crystal structure.

A. Number of particles present in fcc unit cell: particles occupy six face centres ( 16 32

) and one body

centre 1 1 1 so total effective number of particles = 4. 24. What are octahedral holes? How are they formed? A. Octahedral holes: It is the hole in a crystal surrounded by six spheres lying at the vertices of a regular

octahedron.

25. Write the systematic names of the following: a) 2K Ag CN b) 3 33Co NH Cl

A. 2K Ag CN -potassium dicyano Argentate (I) 3 33CO NH Cl -triamine trichloro cobalt (III). 26. What are vitamins? Give one example. A. Vitamins: These are accessory factors which are essential for growth and healthy maintenance of

body. Ex. Vit. A, Vit B-complex Vit C. 27. Define antiseptics. Give examples. A. Antiseptics: These are chemical substances that kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Ex.

Dettol, Bithioniol.


28. How is paracetamol prepared? Give its equation. A. Paracetamol: It is parahydroxy acetanilide. It is prepared by the action of 2 2 4AC O / H SO on p-amino

phenol.

OHNH2Ac2OH2SO4

CH3 CO

NH OH

paracetamol

29. What is chloropicrin? How is it formed from chloroform? Give its equation.

A. Chloropicrin: It is nitro chloroform 2 3C NO Cl . It is obtained by nitration of chloroform with conc. 3HNO , 3 3 2 3 2CHCl HNO C NO Cl H O .

30. Complete the following reactions: a) NaOC H2 5

2 5C H Cl ...............

b) Na, dry ether2 5C H Cl ...............

A. Williamson synthesis: Alkyl Halide sod. alkoxide ether+sodium halide Ex:

NaCl2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5C H Cl C H ONa C H OC H Wurtz reaction:

Naether

alkyl halide alkane , ether2 5 2 5 4 10NaClC H Cl 2Na Cl C H C H (n-butane).

31. Define Osmotic Pressure. A. Osmotic pressure: It is the excess pressure that has to be applied on dil. solution to prevent osmosis when

it is separated from pure solvent by semi permeable membrane. CST . 32. Write the names of monomers present in Terylene. A. Terylene: it is a polymer made from monomers i) terepthalic acid ii) ethylene glycol.

CH2 CH2

OHOH+ COOHCOOH COC

OO CH2 CH2 OHOH

n 33. How Aspirin is prepared? Give equation. A. Aspirin: It is antipyretic (Acetyl Salicyclic Acid).

COOH

OH

+ AC2O -CH3COHCOOH

O C

O

CH3

Salicylic acid Aspirin

34. What are Hormones? Give two examples. A. Harmones: Chemicals released into blood stream by ductless glands in body to perform specific

metabolic actions. Ex: Estradiol, Estrone, Insulin.


35. Define effective Atomic Number. Calculate the EAN of Fe in 64K Fe CN . A. EAN= Z 0.N 2xC.N. i.e. total number of electrons present around central metal ion in a complex.

For 4K , 6Fe CN . EAN of Fe = 26 – 2 – 12 = 36 36. Mention the names of the monomers used for preparing the following polymers.

a) Bakelite b) Nylon A. Bakelite: A polymer of HCHO, Ph OH ; Nylon: A polymer of caprolactum 37. Give the sources of vitamins A and C and diseases caused by their deficiency. A. Vitamin A sources – Liver, fish oil, rice polishing deficiency diseases – Night blindness. Vitamin C source:

citrous fruits, disease-scurvy. 38. What are artificial sweetening agents? Give an example. A. Artificial sweetening agents: chemicals that cause sweetness with zero calorific value. Useful for diabetic

patients. Ex. Sucralose, Aspartame. 39. What are analgesics? Give an example. A. Analgesics: Pain reducers or pain abolishing chemicals. Ex. Morphine, aspirin, heroin. 40. What is Williamson synthesis? A. Williamson synthesis: Ref Q. 10, March 2011 41. Mention the Reimer-Tiemann reaction with an equation. A. Reimer – Tiemann reaction: Reaction of phenol with 3CHCl KOH to form salicylaldehyde

OH+ CHCl3 + KOH

CHO

OH+ NaCl +H2O

42. Calculate EAN of central metal ion in 3 24Co NH Cl

ion.

A. EAN of CO in 2

3 24CO NH Cl

= Z 0.N 2 CN 27 3 2 6 36 .

43. Which oxides of Nitrogen are neutral oxides? A. Neutral oxides of 2N : 2N O , NO .

44. Draw the structure of 4 10P O .

A.

Structure of 4 10P O P

O

PO

PO

P

O

O

O

O

O

OO


45. What is meant by Frenkel and Schottky defects? A. Frenkel defect:. It is a point defect due to displacement of atom or ion from its regular position in a crystal.

Ex. AgBr Schottkey defect: It is a point defect due to missing of equal number of cations, anions from their regular positions in the crystal. Ex. NaCl

46. What is Doping? A. Doping: It is the method of adding an impurity to a semi conductor to enhance its conductivity ex. P or B is

used for doping Si.

47. Write the systematic names for the following. a) 2 36Cr H O Cl b) 2 4K PtCl

A. 2 36Cr H O Cl - hexaaquo cobalt (III) chloride; 2 4K PtCl -potassium Tetrachloroplatinate (II). 48. Give the deficiency diseases caused by the vitamins A, C, D and K. A. Vitamin – A – Night blindness; Vitamin – C – Scurvy; Vitamin D – Rickets; Vitamin K – Blood

coagulation is prevented. 49. What is Peptide Linkage? Give an example. A. Peptide linkage: It is amide linkage (

||O

C NH ) present in proteins formed from amino acids.

50. Define Antihistamines. Give an example. A. AntiHistamines: These are the chemicals which prevent the interaction of histamine with receptors present

on stomach walls. Ex: Ranitidine, Cimetidine. 51. The reactant ‘A’ is reduced to Azobenzene with 4LiAlH . What is ‘A’? Give equation.

A.

NO2+ N N8(H) LiAlH4

Azobenzene

52. Define “Order” and “Molecularity” of a reaction. A. Order: It is the sum of the exponents of concentration terms involved in rate equation.

Molecularity: It is the total number of atoms or ions or molecules involved in the rate determining step of a reaction.

53. What is nitrolim? How is it formed? A. Nitrolim: A mixture of calcium cyanamide and graphite is called nitrolim.

1000 C2 2 2

nitro limCaC N CaCN C

. It is used to prepare 3NH by hydrolysis.

54. What is super phosphate of lime? Write the equation for the preparation of super phosphate of

lime. A. Superphosphate of lime: It is a phosphatic fertilizer. It is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and

gypsum. 3 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 22 2S.P.L.

Ca PO 2H SO 4H O Ca H PO 2 CaSO 2H O


55. Give the composition of Nichrome and Brass. A. Compositions of alloys: Nichrome – 60% Ni, 25% Fe, 15% Cr; Brass-60-84% in 20-40% Zn. 56. Mention the names of the monomers for preparing Bakelite and Teflon. A. Polymers: Bakelite – Formaldehyde + phenol; Teflon – Tetrafluoro ethylene 2 2CF CF .

57. Complete the following statements: a) LiAlH4

3CH COOH b) P O4 10

3CH COOH

A. (a) LiAlH4

3 3 2E t hanol

CH COOH CH CH OH (b) P O4 10

3 3 3|| ||O O

Acetic anhydride

2CH COOH CH C O C CH

58. Explain Antiferromagnetism with suitable examples. A. Substances like MnO showing anti-feromagnetism having domain structure similar to ferromagnetic

substance, but their domains are oppositely oriented and cancel out each other magnetic moment. 59. Why ionic solids are hard and brittle. A. In ionic solids the formation of solid compound is due to the arrangements of cations and anions bound by

strong coloumbic force i.e., electro static force. So ionic solids are hard and brittle in nature. These have high melting and boiling points.

60. What is ppm of a solution? A. ppm-parts per million: It is a convenient method of expressing concentration when a solute is present in

trace quantities. Parts per million is defined as the

6Number of parts of the componentppm 10

Total no. of parts all components of the solution

61. How is leaching carried out in the case of low grade copper ores? A. In case of low grade ores of copper, hydrometallurgy technique is used for extraction. Here leaching

process can be done by using acids (or) bacterial. The solution containing 2Cu is trated with scrap iron (or) 2H .

2

2 2Saq g aqCu H Cu H

62. Scandium is transition element. But Zinc is not. Why?

A. Scandium has electronic configuration 2 14 3Ar s d

Zinc has electronic configuration 2 104 3Ar s d Scandium has one unpaired d-electron where as Zinc has zero unpaired d-electrons so Scandium is

transition element but Zinc is not.

63. How is 0E cell related mathematically to the equilibrium constant cK of the cell reaction? A. Relation between 0E cell and equilibrium constant CK of the cell reaction.

02.303 logcell C

RTE KnF

n number of electrons involved

F Faraday 196500 C mol

T Temperature R gas constant


64. How are the polymers classified on the basis of structure? A. On the basic of structure, polymers are classified into three types: 1) Linear polymers: These contains long and straight chains. E.g.: PVC, polythene (high density) etc. 2) Branched chain polymers: These contains linear chains having some branches. E.g.: low density

polythene. 3) Cross linked polymers (or) Network polymers: These are usually formed from bi functional and tri

functional monomers an contain strong covalent bond between various linear polymer chains. E.g: Bakelite, melamine etc..

65. Write the name and structure of one of the common initiators used in free radical polymerization

reaction. A. One of the common initiator used in free radial – polymerisation reaction is benzoyl peroxide. Structure:

C O O C

O O

66. How are 3XeF and 4XeOF prepared? A. 6XeF on hydrolysis produce 3XeO

6 2 33 6XeF H O XeO HF Partial hydrolysis of 6XeF gives 4XeOF

6 2 4 2XeF H O XeOF HF 67. Write any two used of argon. A. Use of :Ar 1) ' 'Ar is used to create inert atmosphere in high temperature net allurgical process 2) ' 'Ar is used in filling electric bulbs 68. Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point. Comment. A. Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting point. Explanation: i) The stability of a crystal mainly depends upon the magnitude of forces of attraction between the

constituent particles. ii) As the attractive forces between the constituent particles increases stability of the crystal also increases. iii) As the stability of crystal increases melting point of solid will be higher. 69. Define the term amorphous. A. An amorphous (no form) solid is the compound which does not have orderly arrangement of particles. In

amorphous solids the constituent particles, atoms, molecules has short range order only. E.g.: Glass, rubber, plastics etc 70. What is Ebullioscopic constant? A. Ebullioscopic constant: The elevation of boiling point observed in one molal solution containing non-volatile

solute is called Ebullioscopic constant (or) molal elevation constant.


71. Why copper matte is put in silica lined converter? A. Copper matte contains 2Cu sand Fes. In this mixture FeS is gangue. For removing the gangue, silica

present in the lining of the Bessemer’s converter acts as acidic flux and forms slag.

2 22 3 2 2FeS O FeO SO gangue

2 3FeO SiO FeSiO Gangue flux Slag 72. What are complex compounds? Give examples. A. Complex compounds: Transition metal atoms or ions form a large number of compounds in which anions

or neutral groups are bound to metal atom or ion through co-ordinate covalent bonds. Such compounds are called co-ordination compounds (or) complex compounds.

Eg : 34

36 6,Fe CN Co NH

73. Define molar conductivity m and how it is related to conductivity (k)? A. Molar conductivity: The conductivity of a volume of solution containing one gram molecular weight of the

electrolyte placed between two parallel electrodes separated by a distance of unit length of 1 meter is called molar conductivity m .

Relation between conductivity and molar conductivity : ;m cc

constant

74. Is nNH CHR CO a homopolymer or a copolymer?

A. nNH CHR CO is a homopolymer. It is formed by the polymerisation of single monomer amino

acid 2NH CHR COOH 75. Give the structure of nylon 2-nylon -6 A. Nylon 2- Nylon 6:

It is an alternating polyamide copolymer of glycine

2

2

|NH

CH COOH and amino carpoic acid

2 2 5H C CH COOH . It is a biodegradable polymer. Structure of Nylon 2-Nylon-6

2 2 5|| ||

nNH CH C NH CH C

O O

76. 3PCl can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent. Justify. A. 3PCl acts as reducing agent. It is evidented by the following reaction.

3 2 53 5

PCl Cl PCl

3PCl acts as oxidising agent. It is evidented by the following reaction.

2

2 432( 3) ( 2)

HvapourPCl P Cl


77. How is nitrogen prepared in the laboratory? Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved. A. Preparation of di Nitrogen: Very pure nitrogen is obtained by the thermal decomposition of sodium (or) barium a-zide

3 22 3Ba N Ba N

In the laboratory dinitrogen is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of 4NH Cl with 2NaNO 4 2 2 12 2aq aq aqgNH Cl NaNO N H O NaCl

Nitrogen can also be obtained by the thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate

4 2 7 2 2 2 33 4NH Cr O N H O Cr O

78. How do you distinguish between hexagonal close-packing and cubic close packing structures. A. Hexagonal close packing: The spheres of the 3rd layer are exactly aligned with those of first layer. This

pattern is repeated in alternate layers. Tetrahedral voids of the 2nd layer may be covered by the spheres of 3rd layer. This structure is called hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure.

Cubic close packing: The spheres of 3rd layer cover the octahedral voids of 2nd layer. But the spheres of 4th layers are aligned with those of first layer. This structure is called cubic close packing.

79. Classify the following solids as ionic, metallic, molecular, covalent network (i) Si (ii) 2I (iii) 4P (iv) Rb

A. (i) Si - Covalent network solid (ii) 2I - Molecular solid with covalent bonds (iii) 4P - Molecular solid with covalent bonds (iv) Rb - Metallic solid

80. Given an example of a solid solution in which the solution is solid. A. Example of a solid solution in which the solute is solid, is copper dissolved in gold.

81. Describe a method for refining of nickel. A. Mond’s process:

In Mond’s process, nickel is heated in a stream of carbon monoxide forming a volatile complex, nickel tetra carbonyl.

330 350 44KNi CO Ni CO

Nickel tetra carbonyl is strongly heated to decompose and gives the pure Nickel

450 4704 4KNi CO Ni CO

82. Give two reactions in which transition metals (or) their compounds acts as catalysis. A. (1) 2 5V O is used as catalyst in manufacturing of 3SO from 2SO

2 52 2 32 2

V Og g g

SO O SO

(2) Fe is used as catalyst in manufacturing of 3NH

2 2 3

3 2Fe S

g g gN H NH

83. Write the Nernst equation for the EMF of the cell.

2| || |S aq aqNi Ni Ag Ag

A. Given cell is 2| || |s aq aqNi Ni Ag Ag

Nernst equation for the cell is

02lncell cell

AgRTE EnF Ni


84. What are thermosetting, thermo plastic polymers? Give examples. A. Thermo setting polymers: These polymers are cross linked (or) heavily branched molecules which on

heating undergo extensive cross linking in moulds and again become infusible. E.g: Bakelite, urea – formaldehyde resin etc….. Thermoplastic polymers: These are the linear (or) slightly branched long chain molecules capable of

softening on heating and hardening or cooling. E.g. : Polystyrene, polythene. 85. How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisation? A.

Addition polymerisation Condensation polymerisation

1) Monomers used are unsaturated compounds 1) Monomers are bifunctional compounds

2) Polymer formation takes place without loss of atoms (or) groups

2) Polymer formation takes place with loss of atoms (or) groups like 3 2,NH H O etc.

3) It is chain growth polymerisation 3) It is step growth polymerisation

4) These polymers are called addition (or) chain (or) vinyl polymers

4) These are called condensed polymers

86. A mixture of 3 2Ca P and 2CaC is used in making Holme’s signal. Explain A. A mixture of 3 2Ca P and 2CaC is used in Holme’s signal. This mixture containing containers are pierced

and thrown in the sea, when the gas is evolved burn and serve as a signal. The spontaneous combustion of 3PH is the technical use of Holme’s signal. 87. Give one example each of normal oxide and mixed oxide of nitrogen. A. Nitric oxide NO is an example of normal oxide of Nitrogen.

Dinitrogen trioxide 2 3N O is an example of mixed oxide of nitrogen. 88. What are Copolymers? Give examples. A. Copolymers: A polymer which is formed by the polymerisation of two (or) more chemically different types of

monomer units is called copolymer. Ex: Butadiene – Styrene polymer (Buma-S) 89. Write any one method of preparation of Glucose. Write the equation. A. Preparation of glucose: From Sucrose: Sucrose when boiled with .dil HCl in alcoholic solution then glucose, fructose are obtained

in equal portions.

12 22 11 2 6 12 6 6 12 6sucrose glucose fructose

HC H O H O C H O C H O

90. Scandium is a transition element, but Zinc is not. Why? A. Scandium has electronic configuration 2 14 3Ar s d

Zinc has electronic configuration 2 104 3Ar s d Scandium has one unpaired d-electron where as Zinc has zero unpaired d-electrons. So, scandium is

transition element, but Zinc is not. 91. What is galvanic cell? Give one example. A. Galvanic cell: A device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy by the use of spontaneous

redox reaction is called Galvanic cell (or) voltaic cell. Ex: Daniell cell.


92. Why 2H O is a liquid while 2H S is a gas? A. 2H O is liquid due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. While 2H S is gas because it is not

having such type of bonding. 93. State the role of silica in the metallurgy of copper. A. The role o silica in the metallurgy of copper is to acts as an acidic flux. Silica reacts with the impurities of

iron and form slag.

2 3Gangue flux SlagFeO SiO FeSiO

94. Nitrogen molecule is highly stable. Why? A. Nitrogen molecule is more stable because in between two nitrogen atoms of 2N , a triple bond is present.

To break this triple bond high energy is required (941.4KJ/mole). 95. What are Enantiomers? A. Enantiomers: The stereo isomers related to each other as non-superimposable mirror images are called

enantiomers. These have identical physical properties like melting point, boiling points, refractive index etc. They differ in rotation of plane polarised light.

96. Which compound will react faster in 2SN reaction with - OH ? 3CH Br or 3CH I .

A. 3CH I reacts faster in 2SN - reaction with OH than 3CH Br .

Reason: The bond dissociation enthalpy of C I bond (234 KJ/mole) is less than that of Br bond (293 KJ/mole).

97. Calculate the mole fraction x of 98% of 2 4H SO by mass.

A. Given a solution containing 98% 2 4H SO by mass. It means 98 gms of 2 4H SO and 2 gms of 2H O mixed to form a solution.

2

2 118 9H O

Weightn

GMW

2 4

98 198H SO

Weightn

GMW

Mole fraction of 2 4H SO , 2 42 42 2 4

1 9 0.91 9 1 10

H SOH SO

H O H SO

nX

n n

98. State Raoult’s law. A. i) Raoult’s law for volatile solute: For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each

component of the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution. ii) Raoult’s law for non-volatile solute: The relative lowering of vapour pressure of dilute solution containing

non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of solute. 99. Give two examples of gaseous first-order reactions. A. The following are the examples for gaseous first order reactions.

2 25 4 212g g g

N O N O O

2 2 2 2g g gSO Cl SO Cl


100. Give the composition of the following: a) German Silver b) Brass A. a) Composition of German silver: 50-60% Cu, 10-30% Ni, 20-30% Zn b) Composition of Brass: 60-80% Cu, 20-40% Zn 101. Ammonia is a good complexing agent. Explain with an example. A. 3NH is a Lewis base and it donates electron pair to form dative bond with metal ions. This results in the

formation of complex compound.

Ex: 22

33 4blue deep blue

4aq aq aqCu NH Cu NH

102. Write the reactions of 2F and 2Cl with water. A. Fluorine produces 2O and 3O on passing through water. 2 2 33 3 6F H O HF O 2 2 22 2 4F H O HF O Chlorine dissolves in water giving a solution of chlorine water. A freshly prepared solution of chlorine water

contains HCl and HOCl . 2 2Cl H O HCl HOCl HOCl is unstable and dissociates to give nascent oxygen. HOCl HCl O 103. 4 2.5CuSO H O is blue in colour whereas anhydrous 4CuSO is colourless. Why? A. 4 2.5CuSO H O is blue in colour whereas anhydrous 4CuSO is colourless because in the absence of

ligand, crystal field splitting does not occurs. 104. What is the difference between a soap and a synthetic detergent? A. 1) Generally soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. 2) synthetic detergents are cleansing agents having all the properties of soaps and do not contain any

soap 3) soaps do not work in hard water but synthetic detergents can be used both in soft and hard water as tey

give foam even in hard water. Some of the detergents give foam even in ice cold water. 105. What are antacids? Give an example. A. Antacids: Chemicals that remove the excess of acid in the stomach and maintain the pH to normal level

are antacids. Ex: Omeprazole. 106. Compare the acidic strength of acetic acid, chloro acetic acid, benzoic acid and phenol. A.

6 5 2 3 6 5C H COOH ClCH COOH CH COOH C H OHBenzoic acid > Chloro acetic acid > Acetic acid > Phenol

107. How do you carry out the following conversion? Aniline to p-Bromo aniline. A. Conversion of Aniline to p – bromo aniline


NH2

(CH3CO)2O

NHCOCH3

Br2/CH3COOH

NHCOCH3

Br

H2O/OH-

NH2

BrAniline Acetanilide P - bromo anilide P - bromo aniline

108. What are Schottky defects in crystalline solids? A. Schottky defect: 1) “It is a point defect in which an atom or ion is missing from its normal site in the lattice”. 2) In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the number of missing cations and anions are equal. 3) This sort of defect occurs mainly in highly ionic compounds, where cationic and anionic sizes are similar. In such compounds the coordination number in high. Ex: , ,NaCl CsCl etcUY 4) Illustration:

A A A

A A

A A A

AA

BB

B B B

B B

B B B

Vacancy

Vacancy

5) This effect decreases the density of the substance.

109. Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of 2

aqFe ion.

A. 2Fe ion has electronic configuration 0 64 3Ar s d

It has four unpaired electrons 4n

Spin only magnetic moment 2 4 4 2 24 4.9n n BM BM BM

110. Calculate the mole fraction of sodium hydroxide in 10% ww NaOH solution.

A. 10% w NaOHw

solution means

10 gms of NaOH in 90 gms of water

110 140 4

n ; 290 518

n

111 2

0.25 0.25 0.0480.25 5 5.25

nXn n


111. How is change in Gibbs energy G related to the emf E of a galvanic cell? A. Relation between Gibb’s energy (G) and emf (E) mathematically

0

cellG nFE

G change in Gibb’s energy n number of electrons involved F Faraday= 196500C mol 112. What is the role of cryolite in the extraction o aluminium. A. By adding the cryolite to the pure Alumina, the melting point of pure Alumina is lowered (which is very high

2324K) and electrical conductivity of pure alumina is increased. 113. How do you distinguish between crystal lattice and unit cell? A. Crystal lattice: A regular arrangement of the constituent particles of a crystal in the three dimensional

space is called crystal lattice. Unit cell: The simple unit of crystal lattice which when repeated again and again gives the entire crystal of

a given substance called unit cell. 114. What is PHBV? How is it useful to man? A. Poly -hydroxy butyrate-CO- -hydroxy Valerate (PHBV): It is a copolymer of 3-hydroxy butanoic acid and

3-hydroxy pentanoic acid.

CH3 CH CH2 COOH

OH

n - CH3 CH2 CH

OH

CH2 COOHn +

CH COO

CH3

CH CH2CH2

CH3

COO

nPolymer

Properties and uses: The properties of PHBV vary according to the ratio of both the acids, 3-hydroxy butanoic acid provides stiffness and 3-hydroxy pentanoic acid imparts flexibility to copolymer.

It is used in medicine for making capsules. PHBV also undergoes degradation by bacteria. 115. Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following polymers. a) Bakelite and b) Nylon 6,6 A. a) Bakelite: Monomers:

OHPhenol, Formaldehyde

HCHO

b) Nylon 6,6: Monomers: Hexa methylene diamine


H2N CH2 6 NH2

Adipic acid

HOOC CH4 4COOH

116. Write the possible chain isomers of the compound having molecular formula 4 9C H Br . A. Compound having molecular formula 4 9C H Br has five isomers.

Structure Name

i) 3 2 2 2CH CH CH CH Br - 1-Bromobutane

ii) 3 2 3|Br

CH CH CH CH - 2-Bromobutane (d and l - forms exist)

iii)

3 2

|3CH

CH CH CH Br

- 1-Bromo-2-methyl propane

iv) |

3 |

3

3

CH

CHCH C Br

- 2-Bromo 2-methyl propane (t-butyl bromide)

117. How is ethane converted to bromoethane? A. Conversion of Ethane to Bromo Ethane. 3 3 2 3 2

Ethane Bromo Ethane

SunlightCH CH Br CH CH Br HBr

118. What is tailing of mercury. Explain? A. Mercury loses it’s lustreness, meniscus and consequently sticks to the walls of glass vessel when it reacts

with ozone. This phenomenon is called tailing of mercury. 3 2 22Hg O Hg O O

It is removed by shaking it with water which dissolves 2Hg O .

SECTION –B (SQ) 1. Derive Bragg’s equation. 2. Write Faraday’s First Law.

3. How are Emulsions classified? Give examples.

4. Explain the following: a) Calcination b) Smelting

5. How is Super phosphate of Lime prepared? Sketch the diagram.

6. Give the Werner structures for the following complex compounds.

a) 3 3.6COCl NH b) 3 3.5COCl NH c) 3 3.4COCl NH d) 3 3.3COCl NH

7. Define Molality. How many grams of 2 3Na CO should be dissolved in 250 grams of water to prepare 0.1 m solution?

8. What is Doping? What are n-type and p-type semiconductors?

9. Give Nernst equation.

Calculate the electrode potential of the following single electrode.

00.01 / ; 0.337aqCu C M Cu E V


10. What is emulsion? How are emulsions classified? Give examples.

11. Write short notes on the following: a) Roasting b) Calcination

12. Write balanced equations for the formation of 3NCl and 3PCl . Give equations for hydrolysis reactions of 3NCl and 3PCl

13. State Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis.

14. (a) What is Tyndall effect? (b) What is Brownian movement?

15. How is Bauxite purified by Serpeck’s process?

16. Write the structures of all the oxyacids of 2Cl .

17. Define the following. Give one example for each. (a) Analgesics (b) Antiseptics.

18. Define Molarity. Calculate the Molarity of 10.6% 2 3W Na COV

solution.

19. Write any four differences between physical adsorption and chemical adsorption.

20. Draw a neat diagram of a blast furnace and label it neatly.

21. Write the important postulates of Werner’s theory of complex compounds.

22. Explain the preparation of 3NH by Cyanamide process.

23. Explain Froth Floatation process.

24. Mention the dispersed phase and dispersion medium of the following colloids. a) Milk b) Cloud

25. Explain the Cannizao reaction and Wolff-Kishner reduction. Write equations.

26. A current of 0.965 amp. is passed through an aqueous solution of 3AgNO for 10 minutes during electrolysis.

Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at the cathode. (Atomic weight of Ag = 108).

27. State Raoult’s law. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 10 grams of a nonvolatile solute in 80 grams of ethanol at 298K. Given the molecular weight of the solute as 120 and the vapour pressure of alcohol at 298K is 22.45 mm.

28. State Faraday’s second law of electrolysis. What is the ratio of weights of Ag and Al deposited at the respective cathodes when the same current is passed for the same period through aqueous 3AgNO and

2 4 3Al SO solutions? 29. What are the main postulates of the collision theory of reaction rate?

30. What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give an example for each.

31. Explain the extraction of silver from silver glance.

32. What is Colligative property? Give any three examples.

33. What is Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis? Give an example for each.

34. A current of 10 amp. is passed through molten 3AlCl for 96.5 seconds. Calculate the mass of Al deposited at cathode. (At. wt. of Al 27 )

35. Explain any two characteristic properties of Transition elements.

36. State Faraday’s first law. A current of 0.25 amp is passed through a 4CuSO solution for 45 minutes. Calculate the mass of copper deposited on the cathode. (At. wt. of Cu 63.6 ).

37. Define EAN. Calculate the EAN of the following metals in their respective complexes.

a) 3 36CO NH Cl b) 64K Fe CN


38. Give the sources and deficiency diseases of the following vitamins.

a) A b) D c) E d) K

39. Define mass percentage. A solution is obtained by mixing 300g of 25% solution and 400g of 40% solution by mass. Calculate the mass percentage of the resulting solution.

40. Discuss the mechanism involved in adsorption of heterogenous catalysis.

41. Why is the extraction of copper form pyrites more difficult than that from its oxide ore through reduction?

42. Arylhalides are extremely less reactive towards Nucleophilic substitution reactions. Explain.

43. Why do the transition metal ions exhibit characteristic colours in aqueous solution Explain giving examples.

44. Explain the role of sucrose in its hydrolysis.

45. Explain the drug – enzyme interaction.

46. How will you convert

i) benzene into aniline? Ii) benzene into N, N-dimethyllaniline

47. Define molality. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6g. of ethylene glycol 2 6 2C H O and 200g. of water (solvent). Calculate the molality of the solution.

48. Describe the purification of colloidal solutions by the phenomenon of dialysis with a neat diagram.

49. What is the role of graphite rod in the electrometallurgy of aluminium?

50. Write the mechanism of dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromobutane.

51. Use Hund’s rule to derive the electronic configuration of 3ce ion and calculate its magnetic moment on the basis of ‘spin-only’ formula.

52. Why are cinetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate (or) aluminium hydroxide?

53. Convert: (i) 3-methyl aniline into 3-nitrotoluene

(ii) aniline into 1, 3, 5 – tribromobenzene

54. State Raoult’s law. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal boiling point of solvent. What is the molecular mass of the solute?

55. Name any four examples of preparation of colloids chemical methods with necessary chemical equations.

56. Copper cannot be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not Zinc. Explain.

57. Write the mechanism of the following reaction.

n-Butyl bromide + 2

EtOHH OKCN n-butyl cyanide

58. What are homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes? Give one example for each.

59. Explain the structures of DNA and RNA.

60. How do antiseptics differ from disinfeactants?

61. Write the mechanism of Hoffmann bromamide reaction.

62. Derive Bragg’s equation.

63. What is Catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give one example for each type.

64. Write any ores with formulae of the following metals.

a) Aluminium b) Zinc c) Iron d) Copper

65. a) What do you mean by essential amino acids? Give two examples of non-essential amino acids.

66. b) What are monomers? Give examples.

67. Define and give examples for the following:

a) Antacids b) Antihistamines


68. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 gr. 1mol ) which should be dissolved in 114 gr octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

69. Write IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

a) 3 36Co NH Cl b) 3 6K Fe CN c) 2 4K PdCl d) 4 6 3Fe Fe CN

70. How do you prepare Ethyl cyanide and Ethyl isocyanide from a common alkyl halide?

71. Define mole fraction. A solution of sucrose in water is labelled as 20% w/w. What would be the mole fraction of each component in the solution?

72. What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give two examples for each type of catalysis? 73. Explain the following:

a) Roasting b) Calcination

74. Explain Werner’s theory of coordinate compounds with suitable examples.

75. a) What is polymerization? Give an example of a polymerization reaction.

b) Write the names and structures of monomers used for getting the following polymers.

i) Teflon ii) Bakelite

76. What are hormones? Give an example for each of the following:

a) Steroid hormones b) Polypeptide hormones c) Amino acid derivatives

77. Explain 1SN and 2SN reactions. 78. State Raoult’s law. Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 9g of glucose in 162g of water at

293 K. The vapour pressure of water at 293K is 17.535 mm Hg.

79. What is catalysis? What are the types of catalysis? Give one example for each type.

80. Differentiate roasting and calcinations with examples.

81. Explain the structures of 4XeF and 4XeOF .

82. Explain Werner’s theory of coordination compounds with suitable examples.

83. Give the sources of the following vitamins and name the diseases caused by their deficiency

(a) A (b) D (c) E (d) K.

84. Write short notes on (a) Analgesics and (b) Food preservatives.

85. Explain (a) Sandmeyer reaction and (b) Carbylamine reaction.

SECTION C (EQ)

1. a) Explain the preparation of Ethyl alcohol from molasses. b) How Ethyl alcohol reacts with

i) Na Metal ii) 3CH COOH iii) 2 4 ,170H SO C d) 3CH MgI

2. a) Give the reactions of ozone with the following and give equations.

i) PbS ii) 2SnCl HCl iii) moist KI d) 2BaO

3. (a) How is Ozone prepared in Brodie’s method?

(b) Write balanced equations for the reaction of 2H O with

(i) 4 6P O (ii) 4 10P O (iii) 3PCl (iv) 5PCl

4. (a) Write any two methods of preparation of Acetic acid.

(b) Give the reactions of Acetic acid with the following:

(i) Na metal (ii) 2 5C H OH (iii) 2Cl , red P (iv) 3NH


5. Write any two methods of the preparation of aniline.

What happens when aniline is treated with the following? Give equations.

i) HCl ii) 3CH COCl iii) 3CHCl Alc.KOH iv) 2NaNO HCl

6. a) Explain the preparation of Chlorine by Nelson Cell method?

b) Write any two oxidation and any two reduction properties of Ozone. Give equations.

7. How Nitro Benzene is prepared? How does it reduce in presence of the following? Give equations.

a) Zn HCl b) Zn KOH c) 4Zn NH Cl d) 4LiAlH

8. Write the preparation of Nitrobenzene and explain the reduction reactions of Nitrobenzene.

9. a) How does ozone react with the following?

i) Hg ii) CH CH iii) 2SO iv) 2KI H O

10. a) Give the reactions of Ozone with the following and give equations.

i) 2SO ii) PbS iii) 2BaO iv) Hg

11. Define Rate of reaction. Explain the factors which influence Rate of reaction.

12. Explain the preparation of Ethyl alcohol from molasses. What happens when Ethyl alcohol is treated with –

a) 3CH MgI b) 5PCl c) Conc. 2 4H SO at 140 C d) 3CH COOH

13. a) How is ozone prepared in the Siemen’s method?

14. Write any two methods of the preparation of aniline. Give the reaction of aniline with the following:

i) 3CH X ii) 3CH COCl iii) 3CHCl Alc.KOH iv) 2NaNO HCl

15. a) Explain with a suitable example the relation between the Gibbs energy of chemical reaction (G) and the functioning of the electrochemical cell.

b) What is half life. Calculate the half life of first order reaction whose rate constant is 200 S–1

16. a) How is 3ClF prepared? How does it react with water? Explain its structure.

b) Why conc 2 4 4 10,H SO P O and anhydrous 2CaCl cannot be used to dry ammonia?

17. a) Describe the following:

i) Cross aldol condensation ii) Decarbonylation

b) Explain why O-nitrophenol more acidic than O-methoxyl phenol

18. a) What are the products obtained at the cathode and anode during the electrolysis of the following when platinum electrodes are used in the electrolysis. a) Molten KCl b) 4.Aq CuSO solution c) 2 4.Aq K SO

b) Explain the terms (a) activation energy a (b) Collision frequency z

19. a) How is ozone prepared? How does it react with the following?

a) PbS b) KI c) Hg Cl Ag

b) Write a note on inter halogen compounds. Give some examples to illustrate the definition. How are they classified?

20. a) (i) Kolbe’s reaction (ii) Williamsons’s synthesis. With a suitable example write equations for the following.

21. a) What is Electrolysis? Give Faraday’s first law of electrolysis.

b) Derive the integrated rate equation for a zero order reaction.

22. a) How is chlorine obtained in the laboratory? How does it reacts with

(i) cold.dil.NaOH (ii) Excess NH3 (iii) KI

b) How does 2SO reacts with (i) 2 3Na SO (ii) 2Cl ?


23. a) (i) Cannizaro reaction (ii) Decarboxylation

b) Ethanol with 2 4H SO at 443K forms Ethene while at 413 K it forms Ehoxy Ethane. Explain.

24. Give a detailed account of the collision theory of reaction rates of bimolecular gaseous reaction.

25. a) Write balanced equation for the following:

i) NaCl is heated with conc. 2 4H SO in presence of 2MnO .

ii) 2Cl is passed into NaI solution in water.

b) How are 3XeO and 4XeOF prepared? Give their structures.

26. a) Write the products formed by the reduction and oxidation of phenol.

b) Write structures of the following compounds whose IUPAC names are:

i) 2-methyl butan-ol ii) 2, 3-di ethyl phenol

iii) 1-ethxy propane iv) Cyclo hexyl methanol

27. a) How does ozone react with the following?

i) 2 4C H ii) Moist KI iii) Hg iv) Ag

b) How are 2XeF and 4XeF prepared? Give their structures.

28. a) State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. A solution of 4CuSO is electrolysed for 10 minutes with a current of 1.5 amperes. What is the mass of copper deposited at the cathode?

b) What is molecularity of a reaction? How is it different from the order of a reaction? Name one bimolecular and one trimolecular gaseous reaction.

29. a) Write any two methods of preparation of phenol. Give their corresponding equations. b) Explain the following reactions:

i) Diazotization ii) Carbylamine reaction

30. (a) State and explain Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.

(b) What is order of a reaction? How is it different from the molecularity of a reaction? Give one example each for first order and second order reactions.

31. (a) How is ozone prepared? How does ozone react with

(i) PbS (ii) Moist KI (iii) Kg and (iv) Hg. Give equations.

(b) Write the balanced equations for the following.

(i) NaCl is heated with conc. 2 4H SO in the presence of 2MnO

(ii) Chlorine is passed into a solution of NaI in water. 32. a) Explain (i) Cannizaro reaction and (ii) Decarboxylation.

b) Explain the acidic nature of phenols and compare it with that of alcohols.

section –a (vsq). chemistry second y… · 4. what is vulcanization of rubber? a. the process of...

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