2,040,000X 27

Dictators and WarSection 23.1

Objectives Explain the circumstances that allowed

for the Nazi rise to power in Germany

Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state

Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war

Adolf Hitler - Fuhrer German Leader

during WWII Austrian Served with

German Army during WWI

Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) after WWI

Benito Mussolini – Il Duce Italian Leader

during WWII Born in Italy Mussolini and the

“Black Shirts” fought against Socialists and Communists to gain power

Joseph Stalin Leader of the Soviet

Union

Georgian

Following Vladimir Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin took power of the Communist party in the Soviet Union

Totalitarianism Single-Party dictatorship

Strong charismatic leader

State control over the economy

Use of fear to enforce the will of the state

Use of propaganda to indoctrinate citizens

Strict censorship of opposing opinions

Treaty of Versailles Restricted German Armed

forces

Lost territory for the German Republic

Germany is forced to pay reparations• About 226 Billion Reich marks

Hitler’s Rise to Power Value of German Mark

• 1914-4:1 American Dollars• July 1923 – 160,000:1• August 1923 – 1,000,000:1• November 1923 –

130,000,000,000:1 1923 Beer Hall Putsch

• Hitler’s attempt to seize power in Germany

• Arrested and sentenced to 9 months in prison

Hitler’s Rise to Power Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

• Preached anti-Semitism• Outlined his plans on restoring

the German Nation• Revered the “Master Race” of

Aryans

Rise in Nazi support• Struggling economy,

unemployment and a hope for a better Germany

Hitler Gains Power By July 1932 the Nazi Party had became the

largest party in the Reichstag (Legislature)

January 30, 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg offered Adolf Hitler the position of Chancellor

February 1933 – Reichstag building was burned down• Hitler claimed it was an attack by Communists

August 1934 – Hindenburg dies suddenly• Hitler combines the office of President and Chancellor

and assumes the role of Fuhrer

Fascism A government ideology that promotes

Nationalism• People in a Fascist states main goal is to promote their

country in any way possible

Benito Mussolini • Took power in Italy in 1922 forming a Fascist government

Outlawed political parties Restricted the press Created a secret police

Adolf Hitler• Looked up to Mussolini (at first) as a Fascist leader and

instilled Fascism as the national ideology in Germany

Joseph Stalin Wanted to transform the Soviet

Union into an industrial power 1930’s Instituted the “Great Terror”

• series of campaigns of political repression and persecution

• Other political leaders, members of the Red Army and peasants were murdered

• Deaths tolled around 10 million

German Expansion Lebensraum (Living Space) Against the Treaty of

Versailles – Hitler ordered the military to be rebuilt

1935 Invasion of the Saar

1936 Retaking Rhineland

1938 forced Austria to join Germany- Union called Anschluss

1938 Invasion of Sudetenland

Italian Expansion 1935 invasion of

Ethiopia 1939 invasion of

Albania

Reactions to Expansion Appeasement- policy of granting concessions to a

potential enemy in hope that it will maintain peace• Only led to Fascist leaders to more expansion

Reasons for Appeasement• Did not want to repeat World War I• Threat of the Soviet Union• France and Britain were not ready for war

Munich Pact- British PM Chamberlain met with Hitler to negotiate peace.• Hitler agreed to the terms (for now)

Japanese Expansion NOT a totalitarian state Feudal Monarchy – Emperor Tough Economic times of the 1930’s

caused for change• Militarist leaders believed that through

expansion, it would bring economic prosperity

1931 invasion of Manchuria 1937 invasion of China

• Rape of Nanjing More than 200,000 civilian deaths 20,000-80,000 Chinese women were raped by

Japanese soldiers

Objectives Explain the circumstances that allowed

for the Nazi rise to power in Germany

Identify the characteristics of a Totalitarian state

Evaluate the actions of Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Japan before the outbreak of war