section 2. africa. africa before imperialism by 1880 only 10% in european hands rivers not navigable...
TRANSCRIPT
Africa before Imperialism
Africa before Imperialism
•By 1880 only 10% in European hands•Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat
•By 1880 only 10% in European hands•Rivers not navigable until invention of steamboat
David Livingstone (UK) minister exploring interior
David Livingstone (UK) minister exploring interior
•Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA)•Story created interest in Africa
•Believed dead, found by reporter Henry Stanley (UK, USA)•Story created interest in Africa
• Germany
• Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast
• Mostly French
• Germany
• Britain takes Nigeria and Gold Coast
• Mostly French
North AfricaNorth Africa•1841 Muhammad Ali frees Egypt from Ottomans•1841 Muhammad Ali frees Egypt from Ottomans
Suez Canal built by the French: Ferdinand de
Leseppes (France)
Suez Canal built by the French: Ferdinand de
Leseppes (France)
SudanSudan
•Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt•Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi)
•Brits wanted to add Sudan to Egypt•Revolt led by Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi)
KhartoumKhartoum• British hero,
General Charles Gordon and his army destroyed
• British hero, General Charles Gordon and his army destroyed
Berlin Conference 1884-
85
Berlin Conference 1884-
85•14 European nations meet to draw up rules for colonization of Africa
•14 European nations meet to draw up rules for colonization of Africa
•Dutch settlers (Boers)--settle Cape Colony in 1652, gradually expand
•Dutch settlers (Boers)--settle Cape Colony in 1652, gradually expand
South AfricaSouth Africa
•Great Trek--Boers move inland to get away from English
•Great Trek--Boers move inland to get away from English
The British fight and
defeat the
Zulus
The British fight and
defeat the
Zulus
http://www.movieposterclassics.com/images/BigZoulou.jpg
Boer War--diamonds discovered in new Boer Colonies
Boer War--diamonds discovered in new Boer Colonies•At urging of Cecil Rhodes, Brits begin to
take over Boer land
•At urging of Cecil Rhodes, Brits begin to
take over Boer land
•1899--Boers take up arms•Brits use concentration camps•1902 Boers surrender
•1899--Boers take up arms•Brits use concentration camps•1902 Boers surrender
Winston Churchill serves as a reporter and later as an officer in the Boer War
Winston Churchill serves as a reporter and later as an officer in the Boer War
http://www.sagolf.co.za/safari/winston.htm
•New British colony named Rhodesia•1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa•Only whites could vote
•New British colony named Rhodesia•1910 Brits created independent Union of South Africa•Only whites could vote
European rule in Africa
European rule in Africa
• Brits: indirect
• French: assimilation
• Others: direct
• Brits: indirect
• French: assimilation
• Others: direct
King Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Buys modern weapons
King Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Buys modern weapons
Becomes only African country to remain free except...
Becomes only African country to remain free except...
•Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education•Disease, famine, near slave work conditions
•Better medicine, communications, sanitation, education•Disease, famine, near slave work conditions
•Little industrial development•National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today)
•Little industrial development•National boundaries established regardless of ethnic boundaries (source of much warfare today)