section 1 : the world of biology. biology- the study of life how is biology important to a...
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Chapter 1 : The Science of Life
pg. 4
Section 1 : The World of Biology
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Biology- the study of life
How is biology important to a person’s daily life and to human society?
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Knowledge of biology allows us to make informed decisions and know about our health, technology, the food we eat, pollution, diseases, and the environment.
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Characteristics of Life1. Organization and Cells2. Response to Stimuli3. Homeostasis4. Metabolism5. Growth and Development6. Reproduction7. Change Through Time
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1. Organization and CellsOrganization- the high degree of order within
an organism’s internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world
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Organs- structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system; made of tissues
Tissues- groups of cells that have similar abilities Cell-the smallest unit that can perform all life’s processes
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Organelles- tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive
Examples: mitochondria & Golgi Apparatus
Biological molecules- the chemical compounds that provide physical structure and enable other cellular functions and biological molecules are made of ATOMS
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Organization also includes:Unicellularity- Multicellularity-Single-celled More than one cell
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2. Response to StimuliAn organism’s response to a stimulus (a
physical or chemical change in the environment)
Examples: pupil dilation in response to bright light
What are some other examples of an organism responding to a stimulus?
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3. HomeostasisHomeostasis- the maintenance of a stable
level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing.
Examples: burning calories to stay warm
:Birds fluffing up feathers to keep warm
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4. MetabolismMetabolism- the sum of all the chemical
reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment; getting energy from the food we eat
Or……………….
photosynthesis
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5. Growth and Development*All living things grow and increase in size.
Growth in living things occurs by cell division and not accumulation of matter such as occurs in crystals
(nonliving)
Development- the process by which an organism becomes a mature adult
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6. ReproductionProducing offspring
*NOT essential to the survival of an individual
DNA transmits heredity information from parent to offspring
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Gene- a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism
Why is reproduction an important characteristic of life?
*Reproduction is essential to the continuation of a species*
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Types of ReproductionAsexual SexualOne parent; produces
identical offspringEx. bacteria
2 parents produce offspring that contain genetic material from both parents; a different individual
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7. Change Through TimeEvolution- changes in a population over time
The ability of populations of organisms to change over time is important for survival in a changing world.
Also, it explains the diversity of life-forms found on earth today.