sectieon srffr s - autoprint · sectieon srffr s c croeit eirn t tni f ... nown isotop. t able of...
TRANSCRIPT
capitalscurrencypopulationdates in historyexam tipsstudy skillsliteracygeometryalgebraequationsperiodic table of elementsconversion informationtimes tablesSection
Reference
Section
ReferenceReference
SectionEquilateral Triangle - Equilateral triangles have 3 equal sides and 3 equal angles of 60º
108
Ag47
Silver
Atomic Mass
Lanthanide
Series
Actinide
Series
Transition Elements
Atomic Number
Symbol of the Element
Element NameNon-metals Reactive metals Metals Noble gases
Symbol colours
Black = solid Blue = gas
Green = liquid at room temperature
Metals
Non-metals
Background colours
NobleGases
0
3 4 5 6 7Group
1
21
2
3
4
5
6
7
Periods
Red outline
artifi cially
prepared*
*Mass numbers given are for most stable or best known isotope.
The Periodic Table of Elements
1
H1
Hydrogen
7
Li3
Lithium
9
Be4
Beryllium
23
Na11
Sodium
24
Mg12
Magnesium
39
K19
Potassium
40
Ca20
Calcium
45
Sc21
Scandium
52
Cr24
Chromium
55
Mn25
Manganese
56
Fe26Iron
59
Co27
Cobalt
59
Ni28
Nickel
63.5
Cu29
Copper
85.5
Rb37
Rubidium
88
Sr38
Strontium
89
Y39
Yttrium
96
Mo42
Molybdenum
99
Tc43
Technetium
101
Ru44
Ruthenium
103
Rh45
Rhodium
106
Pd46
Palladium
108
Ag47
Silver
133
Cs55
Ceasium
137
Ba56
Barium
139
La57
Lanthanum
184
W74
Tungsten
186
Re75
Rhenium
190
Os76
Osmium
192
Ir77
Iridium
195
Pt78
Platinum
197
Au79
Gold
223
Fr87
Francium
226
Ra88
Radium
227
Ac89
Actinium
263
Sg106
Seaborgium
265
Hs108
Hassium
266
Mt109
Meitnerium
269
Uun110
Ununnilium
262
Bh107
bohrium
178
Hf72
Hafnium
181
Ta73
Tantalum
140
Ce58
Cerium
141
Pr59
Praseodymium
232
Th90
Thorium
231
Pa91
Protactinium
48
Ti22
Titanium
51
V23
Vanadium
91
Zr40
Zirconium
93
Nb41
Niobium
261
Rf90
Rutherfordium
262
Db105
Dubnium144
Nd60
Neodymium
147
Pm61
Promethium
238
U92
Uranium
237
Np93
Neptunium
150
Sm62
Samarium
152
Eu63
Europium
157
Gd64
Gadolinium
159
Tb65
Terbium247
Bk97
Berkelium
244
Pu94
Plutonium
243
Am95
Americium
247
Cm96
Curium
65
Zn30Zinc
70
Ga31
Gallium
73
Ge32
Germanium
75
As33
Arsenic
79
Se34
Selenium
80
Br35
Bromine
84
Kr36
Krypton
115
In49
Indium
119
Sn50Tin
122
Sb51
Antimony
128
Te52
Tellurium
127
I53
Iodine
131
Xe54
Xenon
204
Tl81
Thallium
207
Pb82
Lead
209
Bi83
Bismuth
210
Po84
Polonium
210
At85
Astatine
222
Rn86
Radon
112
Cd48
Cadmium
201
Hg80
Mercury
162
Dy66
Dysprosium
165
Ho67
Holmium
167
Er68
Erbium
169
Tm69
Thulium
173
Yb70
Ytterbium
175
Lu71
Lutetium
257
Md101
Mendelevium
255
No102
Nobelium
256
Lr103
Lawrencium
252
Cf98
Californium
254
Es99
Einsteinium
257
Fm100
Fermium
4
He2
Helium
11
B5
Boron
12
C6
Carbon
14
N7
Nitrogen
16
O8
Oxygen
19
F9
Fluorine
20
Ne10
Neon
27
Al13
Aluminium
28
Si14
Silicon
31
P15
Phosphorous
32
S16
Sulphur
35.5
Cl17
Chlorine
40
Ar18
Argon
60o
60o
60o
SAMPLE
World Information
Country Capital Currency Population(mil)Argentina BuenosAires Peso 40.5Australia Canberra Aus.Dollar 22.4Austria Vienna euro/Schilling* 8.3Belgium Brussels euro/Bel.Franc* 10.8Canada Ottawa Can.Dollar 34.2China Beijing Yuan 1339.1Denmark Copenhagen Krone 5.5Egypt Cairo E.pound 78.8Finland Helsinki euro/Markka* 5.3France Paris euro/Franc* 65.4Germany Berlin euro/Deutschmark* 81.7Ghana Accra Cedi 24.3Greece Athens euro/Drachma* 11.3India NewDelhi Rupee 1184.6Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah 234.1Ireland Dublin euro/Punt* 4.4Israel Jerusalem Shekel 7.6Italy Rome euro/Lira* 60.3Japan Tokyo Yen 127.3Luxembourg Luxembourg euro/L.Franc* 0.502Malaysia KualaLumpur Ringgit 28.3Mexico MexicoCity Peso 108.3Netherlands Amsterdam euro/Guilder* 16.6NewZealand Wellington NZDollar 4.3Nigeria Abuja Naira 158.2Portugal Lisbon euro/escudo* 10.6Russia Moscow Ruble 141.9SaudiArabia Riyadh Riyal 26.2Singapore Singapore S.Dollar 4.9SouthAfrica Pretoria Rand 49.9Spain Madrid euro/Peseta* 46.9Sweden Stockholm Krona 9.3Switzerland Bern S.Franc 7.7Taiwan Taipei TDollar 23UnitedKingdom London Pound 62USA WashingtonDC Dollar 309.9Zimbabwe Harare Zim.Dollar 12.6
*currency before introduction of the euroPopulations are approximate
SAMPLE
World InformationTheEarthEstimated weight(mass) Circumferenceattheequator40,066km5,940,000,000,000,000,000,000metrictons Circumferenceatthepoles39,992kmEstimated age 4.6billionyears Diameter attheequator12,753kmCurrent population 6,446,131,714 Diameter atthepoles12,710kmSurface area 510,066,000sqkm Radius attheequator6,376kmLand area 148,647,000sqkm29.1% Radius atthepoles6,355kmOcean area 335,258,000sqkm Orbit speedTheearthorbitstheSunTotal water area 361,419,000sqkm70.9% at66,700mph,107,320kmperhourType of water 97%salt,3%fresh Theearthorbitsthesunevery365 days,5hours,48minutesand46seconds
Continents-sqkm LargestCountries-sqkmAsia 44,579,000 Russia 17,075,400Africa 30,065,000 Canada 9,330,970 NorthAmerica 24,256,000 China 9,326,410SouthAmerica 17,819,000 USA 9,166,600Antarctica 13,209,000 Brazil 8,456,510Europe 9,938,000 Australia 7,617,930 Australia/Oceania 7,687,000 India 2,973,190 Argentina 2,736,690 MostPopulatedCities-mil LeastPopulatedCountriesTokyo,Japan 32.4 VaticanCity 920Seoul,SouthKorea 20.55 Tuvalu 11,640MexicoCity,Mexico 20.45 Nauru 13,050NewYorkCity,USA 19.75 Palau 20,300Mumbai,India 19.2 SanMarino 28,800Jakarta,Indonesia 18.9 Monaco 32,410SáoPaulo,Brazil 18.85 Liechtenstein 33,720Delhi,India 18.68 St.Kitts 38,960
LargestOceans-sqkm LongestRivers-kilometresPacificOcean 155,557,000 Nile,Africa 6,825AtlanticOcean 76,762,000 Amazon,SouthAmerica 6,437IndianOcean 68,556,000 ChangJiang(Yangtze),Asia 6,380SouthernOcean 20,327,000 Mississippi,NorthAmerica 5,971ArcticOcean 14,056,000 Yenisey-Angara,Asia 5,536
TallestMountains-metres LargestDeserts-sqmilesMountEverest,Nepal 8850 Sahara,NAfrica 3,500,000Qogir(K2),Pakistan 8611 Arabian,MiddleEast 1,000,000Kanchenjunga,Nepal 8586 GreatVictoria,Australia250,000Lhotse,Nepal 8501 Kalahari,SouthernAfrica 225,000Makalu,Nepal 8462 Chihuahuan,Mexico 175,000
Somefiguresareapproximate
SAMPLE
Dates in Historyc.3500 BC InventionofthewheelandploughinMesopotamia(presentdayIraq);inventionofthesailinEgypt:three fundamentalinventionsfortrade,agricultureandexploration.c.3200 BC InventionofwritinginMesopotamia:themeanstorecordandunderstandhumanhistory.c.3000 BC FoundingofthefirstcitiesinSumeria(present-dayIraq):originofmodernsocialandadministrative structures.c.1600 BC Modernalphabetinvented:theessentialmeansofcommunicationofcomplexconceptsandculture.c.1600 BC BeginningofGreekcivilisation:essentialtoWesternHeritageandtherootofmathematics,philosophy, politicalthinkingandmedicine.753 BC FoundationofRome:theRomanEmpireisapillarofthemodernage,producingideasonjustice,law, engineeringandwarfare.327 BC EmpireofAlexandertheGreatreachesintoIndia:thefirstexampleofalong-termandoftenviolent interrelationshipbetweenEuropeandAsia.202 BC HannibalisdefeatedbyRome:thevictoryisessentialtosecurethesurvivalandexpansionofRoman civilisation.AD 105 Firstuseofmodernpaper:thisreplacedstone,slate,papyrusandvellumasacheapandconvenient medium.AD 280 UnificationofChinaundertheWesternChindynastycreatesthepoliticalshapeofmodernChina.c.AD 730 PrintinginventedinChina:anessentialstepinmasscommunication/administration/culturaldissemination.1088 FirstuniversityfoundedinBologna,Italy:thestartofamodernconceptionofhigherlearninganduniversal knowledge.1215 MagnaCartasignedbyKingJohnatRunnymede:thisistheoriginofthemodernconceptofconstitutional rule.1453 FallofConstantinopletotheOttomanTurks:Almost500yearsofTurkishdominationoftheEastern Mediterranean,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastbegins.1455 Firstbookprintedwithmoveabletype:JohannesGutenberg’srevolutioninprintingtechnologymakes mass-marketreadingpossible.1492 ChristopherColumbusdiscoverstheNewWorld,bringingtheAmericasintoaglobaltrading/cultural system.1509 Inventionofthewatch:essentialtoamoderneconomyandadministration,thisintroducestheconceptof regulartimekeeping.1564 WilliamShakespeareisborn:hisplaysmakefundamentalstatementsaboutthehumancondition.1687 IsaacNewtonpublishesPrincipia Mathematica,thefoundationofmodernphysics.1776 AmericanDeclarationofIndependencedeterminesthepoliticalevolutionoftheNewWorldandtheriseof Americanpower.1789 FrenchRevolutionmarksafundamentalbreakwiththetraditionofmonarchy;the“rightsofman”are enshrined.1815 BattleofWaterloo:theNapoleonicEmpireends,andwithitNapoleon’sambitiontoruleandreformallof Europe.1825 Stephenson’s‘Rocket’steamlocomotivebuilt,markingthestartoftherailwayageofcheap,fastland transport.1885 Benzdevelopsthefirstpetrol-drivencar,startingthemostprofoundtechnicalandsocialrevolutionofthe modernage.1905 Einstein’stheoryofspecialrelativitypublished.Ittransformsthenatureofmodernphysicalknowledge.1918 EndoftheFirstWorldWar.TheHabsburgandOttomanempirescollapse;mapsofEuropeandtheMiddle Eastareredrawn.1939 OutbreakofSecondWorldWar:50milliondieworldwidefrom1939-45intheworld’slargestandmost deadlyconflict.1945 EndofSecondWorldWar.Thefirstnuclearbombisdetonated.1959 Inventionofthesiliconchip,makingpossiblethecomputerage.1961 YuriGagarin,firstmaninspace.LegotoysfirstsoldinUSA.1963 AmericanPhysicistTheodoreMaimandevelopedthefirstLaser(atermforLightAmplificationby StimulatedEmissionofRadiation).1964 USAenteredtheVietnamwar-endedin1975atthecostof56,000Americanand1.3millionVietnamese lives.1969 NeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrintookman’sfirststepsontheMoon.1981 CommercialCellulartelephonesinScandinavia,thenUSA1983andtheninEuropeinthelate1980’s.1985 BritishscientistsreportedtheannualdevelopmentofahugeholeintheozonelayeroverAntartica.1991 TheinternetbecamewidelyavailableafterbeingdesignedanddevelopedbyTimBerners-Lee.
SAMPLE
Examination Tips
ExaminationtipsExamsaretheculminationofallyourstudies.Listedbelowareafewtipsonhowtogainthebestfromyourself.
Beforetheexamday •Studypreviousexampapers •Makearevisiontimetable-andsticktoit! •Trytoreviseinshortspells,ratherthanlettingyourmindwanderduring longerperiods •Revisionnotesareusefultokeepgoingover-writedownthebasicor mostimportantparts •Takebreaksbetweenrevision.Getsomefreshair-goforwalks,play football.Alwayskeepyourselfwellnourished •Makesureyouhavealltherightequipmentfortheexamthenightbefore
Ontheexamday •Haveagoodhealthybreakfast •Readthroughyournotes
Intheexam •Manageyourtime-knowhowlongtheexamisandthenumberof questionstobeanswered.Don’tspendtoolongonthefirstfew questionsandthenfindyou’verunoutoftime,takeabrieflookoverthe paperbeforeyoubeginansweringquestions • Readthequestionsthoroughly-makesureyouknowwhichquestions havetobeanswered •Whereappropriate,planyouranswerfirste.g.Englishessay •Writeyouranswerasclearlyaspossible •Onfinishingtheexampaperreadthroughyouranswersagain
Aftertheexam • Relax-don’tworryabouttheexam.Doanactivitytohelpyourelaxand getreadyforthenextexam
SAMPLE
Study Skills, Time Management
Effectivestudyingisallaboutacombinationofthings-time management,preparation, continuityandbeing realistic.Perhapsthemostimportantroutetoacademicsuccessistimemanagement.Timemanagementisaskillwhichweallrequireinordertosucceed.Ahealthybalanceofstudying,relaxationandrestisessentialineverythingwedo.
StudyskillsInClass- •Listencarefullytoinstructionsfromyourteacher •Makenotesthroughoutthelesson •Makeadetailedrecordinyourstudentplannerofhomework/ courseworkthatisset •Makeanoteofwhenthehomework/courseworkisduetobe handedin •Alwaysaskifyouareunsureofanyinstructionsorifyoudonot understandatask
AtHome- •Prioritiseyourwork-doesonesubjectorprojectneedmore attentionthananother? •Concentrate-ifyoufinditdifficult,studyinshortburstsof30 minutesorless •Doyourhomework/courseworkinacomfortableenvironment (thesameplaceeveryday-i.e.atatable) •AvoiddistractionssuchastheT.V.orcomputergames •Continuity-keeparoutinegoing,personalorganisationoftime managementandstudytechniqueswillpayoffinthelongrun •Alwaysallocateagoodfitnessandsocialroutineforrelaxationat weekendsaswellasintheevenings •REMEMBER -it’snotthehoursyouputin,it’swhatyouputin tothehours •Makeanoteofhowlongdifferentaspectsofworktakeyouto do-thiswillhelpyoumanageyourtimebetterthenexttimea similarprojectcomesalong •Formastudygroup-comparerevision/courseworknotesand topics •Testeachother
SAMPLE
Literacy - Spelling
SpellingRulesInexamsandcourseworkextramarksareavailableforcorrectspelling.Listedbelowaresomebasicspellingrules.
Rememberthese3definitions:vowel =a,e,i,o,uconsonant =alltheotherletters-b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.syllable =onebeatofawordi.e.‘adventure’has3-‘ad’‘ven’‘ture’ ‘me’has1
Rule1-‘i’before‘e’exceptimmediatelyafter‘c’orwhensoundedas‘a’ example:achieve,receipt,foreign
Rule2-dropthefinal‘e’beforeaddinganendingbeginningwithavowel… example:love-loving,drive-driving …butkeepitbeforeaconsonant example:love-lovely,care-careful
Rule3-Wordsendinginsoft‘ce’or‘ge’keepthe‘e’before‘able’and‘ous’ example:advantage-advantageous,notice-noticeable
Rule4-‘full’,‘till’,‘all’,‘well’loseone‘l’whentheyareaddedtoanotherword example:hopeful,useful,until,cheerful,fulfil
Rule5-Verbswhichendin‘ie’changetheendingto‘y’beforeadding‘ing’ example:die-dying,lie-lying
Rule6-Ifawordendsinaconsonantplus‘y’,changethe‘y’to‘i’beforeaddingany endingexcept‘ing’ example:party-parties,heavy-heaviness
Remember!Thereareexceptionstoeachrule.
Spelling methods:Trythese4stepsbelowonwordsyouhavedifficultyspelling.
1. Look attheword,sayeachsyllabletoyourselfasyoulookatit,lookfor letterpatternsandtrickybitsandtrytopictureitinyourhead.
2. Cover thewordandsayittoyourself.
3. Write theword,andsayeachsyllableasyouwriteit.
4. Check toseeifyou’vegotitright;ifnotgobacktostepone.
SAMPLE
Literacy - The 8 parts of language
1Nouns Anounisthetypeofwordweusetoidentifyaplace,person,objectoran idea…girl, city, ball,…whereaspropernounsareusedtodescribea particularplace,person,objectoridea…Michelle, Leeds, November.
2Pronoun Pronounsstandinfornouns…‘Theteachertooktheregister’becomes ‘she tookit’.
3Verbs Verbsaredoingwords. Theyalsodescribewhattensethingshappenin. i.e.-past,presentorfuture. Past -Iwent toschoolyesterday. Present -Iam onholidaytoday. Future -Ishall stillbeonholidaytomorrow.
4Adjectives Adjectivesdescribenounsorpronouns. e.g. Theyoung manwashedhisblue car.
5Adverbs Adverbsaddinformationaboutverbs,adjectivesandotheradverbs. e.g. Iheldherhandtightly.Thewindwasvery strong.
6Prepositions Prepositionsshowtherelationshipbetweenanounandanotherword. e.g. Themansaton theseat.
7Conjunctions Conjunctionsjoingroupsofwords. e.g. Maryexercisesoftenand eatsawellbalanceddiet.
8Interjections Interjectionsareusedwhenexpressingemotionsandfeelings.Theyareoften usedwithexclamationmarks. e.g. Help!I’mstuck! Wow!Thatwascool!
SAMPLE
?
Literacy - PunctuationIt is your punctuation that helps make your writing clear and easier to read and clarifies meaning to the reader. Reading your work aloud helps you see where punctuation is needed. Listed below are the 10 most common punctuation marks.
1. Full stop . Fullstopsareplacedattheendofeachsentencethatisnotaquestionoremotional quotation. The book was great.
2. Comma , Useacommatoindicateapauseinasentenceandtoseparatethreeormoreitems inalist. I’ve been shopping. I bought bread, milk, eggs, sugar and butter.
3. Question Mark ? Questionmarksareusedattheendofaquestion. How old are you?
4. Exclamation Mark ! Useanexclamationmarkattheendofsentencestoshowsurpriseordeepfeelings. Cracking good game! Hey you, stop!
5. Colon : Colonsareusedinsentenceswherelistsorexamplesaretobedescribed. I like: music, sport, reading and playing computer games.
6. Semi-colon ; Useasemi-colontoconnectindependentclausesinacompoundsentence. The ride was very scary; Chris felt ill.
7. Apostrophe ’ Apostrophesindicateapossession,ortheyareusedwhenaletterhasbeenremoved. The boy’s book. I didn’t (did not) see her. I’ll (I shall) find her.
8. Speech Marks “ ” Speechmarksareusedtoenclosedirectspeech. “I can see you better now,” he said.
9. Brackets ( ) Brackets(parentheses)areusedtoaddextrainformationtoasentence. My (first) driving test is tomorrow.
10. Dashes - Alsoseparatesextrainformationfromthemainsentence. I passed my driving test - first time.
.
,
!:
;
’
“”
( ) -
?
SAMPLE
Geometry - Angles, Triangles, Area & Volumes
Right angle -arightangleis90º
Angles Triangles
Acute angle -anacuteangleisless
than90º
Obtuse angle -anobtuseangleismorethan90ºand
lessthan180º
Straight Lineastraightlineis180º
Complementary angles -complementaryangles
addupto90º
Supplementary angles -supplementaryanglesadd
upto180º
Circle -acircleis360º
60º
60º
60º
Equilateral Triangle - Equilateraltriangleshave3equalsidesand3equal
anglesof60º
Isosceles Triangle - Isoscelestriangleshave
2sidesofequallengthand2anglesofequaldegrees
Triangle - Theanglesinatrianglealwaysaddupto180º
60º
90º 30º
Scalene Triangle - Scalenetriangleshavenoequal
sidesandnoequalangles
Pythagoras’ theorem c2=a2+b2
Area&Volume
b CA
c
B
hypoten
use
Rectangle -Perimeter=2(l+W)
Area=lxW
Triangle -Perimeter=a+b+c
Area=bxh2
l
W
bA C
B
ac
h
BbA
a
D b C
ah
Parallelogram -Perimeter=2(a+b)
Area=bxh
r
Circle -Circumference=2πr
Area=πr2
h
r
Cylinder -Volume=πr2h
Surfacearea=2πr2+2πrh
r
Sphere -Volume=4πr3
3Surfacearea=4πr2
h
r
s
Cone -Volume=πr2h
3Surfacearea=πr2+πrs
l w
h
Cuboid -Volume=lxwxh
Pyramid -Volume=lxwxh
3
h
w
l
a
SAMPLE
Algebra & TrigonometryAlgebra
Addition Multiplicationa+b=b+a ab=baa+(b+c)=(a+b)+c a(bc)=(ab)c
Expanding Bracketsa(b+c)=ab+ac a(b-c)=ab-ac (a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2
(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 (a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2 (a+b)(c+d)=ac+ad+bc+bd(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3 (a-b)3=a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3 (a+b)(a+c)=a2+ac+ab+bc
Factorisinga2-b2=(a+b)(a-b) a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2 a2-2ab+b2=(a-b)2
a3+b3=(a+b)(a2-ab+b2) a3-b3=(a-b)(a2+ab+b2) a3b-ab=ab(a+1)(a-1)
Quadratic EquationForax2+bx+c=0thenx=-b±√b2-4ac 2a
Trigonometry
Sine Law Cosine Lawa=b=c a2=b2+c2-2bccosAsinA sinB sinC b2=a2+c2-2accosB c2=a2+b2-2abcosC
sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB tan(A+B)=tanA+tanB sin2θ+cos2θ=1
sin(A-B)=sinAcosB-cosAsinB 1-tanAtanB cos2θ-sin2θ=cos2θ
cos(A+B)=cosAcosB-sinAsinB tan(A-B)=tanA-tanB 1+tan2θ=sec2θ
cos(A-B)=cosAcosB+sinAsinB 1+tanAtanB 1+cot2θ=cosec2θ
Valueofratios
B
A Cb
c a
sinθ=O=oppositeSOHHhypotenuse
cosθ=A=adjacentCAHHhypotenuse
tanθ=O=oppositeTOAAadjacent
OS H
AC H
OT A
Remember! SOH CAH TOA
OH
Aθ
θ0π/2π3π/22πsinθ010-10cosθ10-101tanθ0∞0-∞0
x
y
rr
rθ
SAMPLE
Physics Equations
Physical SlunitSymbolOtherUsefulequationsQuantity units
Length metre m 1kilometre(km)=1000m 1centimetre(cm)=0.01m(10-2m) 1millimetre(mm)=0.001m(10-3m)
Area squaremetre m2 1hectare(ha)=10,000m2
1km2=100ha
Volume m3 1m3=1000litres(l)=1,000,000cm3
Mass kilogram kg 1metrictonne(t)=1000kg 1kg=1000grams(g) 1g=1000milligrams(mg)
Time second s 60s=1minute(min)60min=1hour(h)
Temperature kelvin K 1degreeCelsius(1ºC)=1K
Velocity m/s v = s wherev=velocitym/s t s=distancem t=times
Acceleration m/s2 a = v-u wherea=accelerationm/s2
t u=initialvelocitym/s v=velocityattimet v = u+ats = ut + 1/2 at2
v2 = u2 + 2as s = (u+v) t
2
Force newton Nkgm/s2 F = ma whereF=forceN m=masskg
Momentum kgm/sp = mv wherep=momentumkgm/s
Energy joule Jkgm2/s2 W = Fs whereW=energy J (or work) orworkdone ke = 1/2mv2 whereke=kineticenergy J pe = mghwherepe=potentialenergyJ g=accelerationdue togravitym/s2 h=verticalheightm
Power watt W J/s P=W whereP=powerW
t
SAMPLE
Physics Equations
Vl R
Physical SlunitSymbolOther UsefulequationsQuantity units
Density kg/m3 d = m whered=densityg/cm3
org/cm3 v m=massg v=volumecm3
Pressure pascal Pa N/m2 P = F whereP=pressurePa A F=forceN A=aream2
Forafixedmassofgas: PV V=volumem3
T = a constant
T=temperatureK
Specific heat J/kg/K Q = m cθwhereQ=energykg/m2/s2
capacity m=masskg c=S.H.C.J/kg/K θ=changein temperatureK
Frequency hertz Hz /s v = f λ wherev=velocitym/s f=frequencyHz λ=wavelengthm
Quantity of coulomb C As Q = lt whereQ=chargeC electricity l=currentA (or charge) t=times
Potential volt V J/C V = lR whereV=potentialdifferenceVdifference l=currentA R=resistenceΩ
Resistance ohm Ω R = V l rememberas:Electric ampere A l = Vcurrent R
Electrical joule J E = VQ = l2Rt = V2twhereE=EnergyJ energy R t=timetakens (or work done)
Electrical watt W J/s P = W whereP=powerW power t W=workdoneJ
P = Vl = l2R = V2 E = Pt
R
SAMPLE
The Periodic Table of Elements
10
8 Ag 47 Si
lver
Atom
ic M
assLa
nth
anid
eSe
ries
Act
inid
eSe
ries
Tran
sitio
n El
emen
ts
Atom
ic Nu
mbe
rSy
mbo
l of t
he El
emen
t
Elem
ent N
ame
Non-
met
alsRe
activ
e met
alsM
etals
Noble
gase
s
Sym
bol c
olou
rsBl
ack
=so
lid
Blue
=g
asG
reen
=li
quid
at
room
tem
pera
ture
Met
als
Non-
met
als
Back
grou
nd c
olou
rs
Nob
leG
ases
0
3
4
5
6
7
Gro
up 1
21 2 3 4 5 6 7
Periods
Red
outl
ine
artifi
cial
ly
prep
ared
*
*Mas
snu
mbe
rsg
iven
are
form
osts
tabl
eor
bes
tkno
wn
isot
ope.
The
Per
iod
ic T
able
of E
lem
ents
1
H 1Hy
drog
en
7
Li 3Lit
hium
9
Be 4
Bery
llium
23 N
a11
Sodi
um
24 M
g12
Mag
nesiu
m 3
9
K 19Po
tass
ium
40 C
a 20Ca
lcium
45
Sc 21Sc
andi
um
52
Cr
24Ch
rom
ium
55 M
n25
Man
gane
se
56 Fe 26 Iro
n
59 C
o 27Co
balt
59
Ni
28 Nick
el
63
.5 Cu 29
Copp
er 8
5.5 R
b 37Ru
bidi
um
88
Sr 38St
ront
ium
89
Y 39Yt
trium
96 M
o42
Mol
ybde
num
99
Tc 43Te
chne
tium
10
1 Ru 44
Ruth
eniu
m
10
3 Rh 45
Rhod
ium
10
6 Pd 46
Palla
dium
10
8 Ag 47 Si
lver
13
3 Cs
55Ce
asiu
m
13
7 Ba 56
Bariu
m
13
9 La 57La
ntha
num
18
4 W 74Tu
ngste
n
18
6 Re 75
Rhen
ium
19
0 Os
76Os
miu
m
19
2 Ir 77Iri
dium
19
5 Pt
78Pl
atin
um
19
7 Au 79 Gold
22
3 Fr 87Fr
anciu
m
22
6 Ra 88
Radi
um
22
7 Ac
89Ac
tiniu
m
26
3 Sg 106
Seab
orgi
um
26
5 Hs
108
Hass
ium
26
6 Mt
109
Mei
tner
ium
26
9 Uu
n11
0Un
unni
lium
26
2 Bh
107
bohr
ium
17
8 Hf
72Ha
fniu
m
18
1 Ta 73Ta
ntal
um
14
0 Ce 58
Ceriu
m
14
1 Pr
59Pr
aseo
dym
ium 2
32 Th 90
Thor
ium
23
1 Pa 91
Prot
actin
ium
48
Ti 22Tit
aniu
m
51
V 23Va
nadi
um 9
1
Zr
40Zi
rconi
um
93 N
b 41Ni
obiu
m
26
1 Rf
90Ru
ther
fordiu
m
26
2 Db
105
Dubn
ium
14
4 Nd 60
Neod
ymiu
m
14
7 Pm 61
Prom
ethi
um 2
38 U 92
Uran
ium
23
7 Np 93
Nept
uniu
m
15
0 Sm 62Sa
mar
ium
15
2 Eu 63Eu
ropi
um
15
7 Gd 64
Gado
liniu
m
15
9 Tb 65Te
rbiu
m 2
47 B
k 97Be
rkel
ium
24
4 Pu 94
Plut
oniu
m
24
3 Am 95
Amer
icium
24
7 Cm 96
Curiu
m
65 Z
n 30 Zinc
70 G
a31
Galli
um
73 G
e32
Germ
aniu
m
75 A
s33
Arse
nic
79 Se 34Se
leni
um
80
Br
35Br
omin
e
84
Kr
36Kr
ypto
n 1
15 In 49In
dium
11
9 Sn 50 Tin
12
2 Sb 51An
timon
y
12
8 Te 52Te
lluriu
m
12
7
I 53Io
dine
13
1 Xe 54
Xeno
n 2
04 Tl 81
Thal
lium
20
7 Pb 82 Lead
20
9 Bi
83Bi
smut
h
21
0 Po 84
Polo
nium
21
0 At
85As
tatin
e
22
2 Rn 86
Rado
n
11
2 Cd 48
Cadm
ium
20
1 Hg 80
Mer
cury
16
2 Dy
66Dy
spro
sium
16
5 Ho 67
Holm
ium
16
7 Er 68Er
bium
16
9 Tm 69Th
uliu
m
17
3 Yb 70
Ytte
rbiu
m
17
5 Lu 71Lu
tetiu
m 2
57 M
d10
1M
ende
leviu
m
25
5 No
102
Nobe
lium
25
6 Lr 103
Law
renc
ium
25
2 Cf
98Ca
lifor
nium
25
4 Es 99Ein
stein
ium
25
7 Fm 100
Ferm
ium
4
He 2
Heliu
m 1
1
B 5Bo
ron
12
C 6Ca
rbon
14
N 7Ni
troge
n
16
O 8Ox
ygen
19
F 9Flu
orin
e
20 N
e10 Ne
on 2
7
Al
13Al
umin
ium
28
Si 14Si
licon
31
P 15Ph
osph
orus
32
S 16Su
lphu
r
35
.5 Cl
17Ch
lorin
e
40 A
r18 Argo
n
SAMPLE
Measurement Conversion Information
Length1inch=2.54centimetres 1centimetre=0.394inches1foot=30.5centimetres 1metre=39.4inches1foot=0.305metres 1metre=3.28feet1yard=0.914metres 1metre=1.09yards1mile=1.609kilometres 1kilometre=0.621miles
Weight1ounce=28.3grams 1gram=0.035ounces1pound=454grams 1kilogram=2.2pounds1pound=0.454kilograms 1metrictonne=2200pounds1ton=1.02metrictonnes 1metrictonne=0.984tons
Capacity1fl.ounce=28.4millilitres 1millilitre=0.035fl.ounces1pint=0.568litres 1litre=1.76pints1UKgallon=4.55litres 1litre=0.22UKgallons1UKgallon=1.2USgallons 1USgallon=0.833UKgallons
Area1sqinch=6.45sqcms 1sqcm=0.155sqinches1sqfoot=929sqcms 1sqmetre=10.76sqfeet1sqfoot=0.093sqmetres 1sqmetre=1.2sqyards1sqyard=0.836sqmetres 1hectare=2.47acres1acre=0.405hectares 1sqkm=247acres1sqmile=259hectares 1sqkm=0.386sqmiles1sqmile=2.59sqkms
Volume1cuinch=16.4cucms 1cucm=0.061cuinches1cufoot=0.028cumetres 1cumetre=35.3cufeet1cuyard=0.765cumetres 1cumetre=1.31cuyard
Temperature Conversion
0˚
-18˚
10˚Fahrenheit = F˚
Celsius = C˚
20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 50˚ 60˚ 70˚ 80˚ 90˚ 100˚ 110˚
-10˚ 0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚
SAMPLE
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
one
two
three
four
five
sixseven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
Times Tables2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110
121
132
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108
120
132
144
SAMPLE