Second SemesterImperialism to WWI

VUS.9a-b

Unit 7

US History 06-07

Imperialism

• The policy and practice of forming and maintaining an empire in seeking to control raw materials and world markets by conquest of other countries and/or establishing colonies

Imperialism

• Many 20th century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a world power at the end of the 19th century

• America’s intervention in WW I ensured her role as a world power for the rest of the century.

• The growing role of the US in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new markets.

The original version of the presentation includes a video clip here. I can not insert it without violating our agreement w. UnitedStreaming….but, you can.

Creation of International Markets

• Open Door Policy

• Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal access and trading rights with China

• He did not want any one country to take over China

• Dollar Diplomacy• President Taft urged

American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America

• He promised the US government would step in if unrest threatened the investment

• Growth of international trade occurred from the late 1800s until WW I.

• The first era of a true “GLOBAL ECONOMY”

Dealings with Latin America

• Spanish American War–Puerto Rico was annexed by the US

–The US asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

–We acquired the Philippines and Guam

• Panama Canal–US “encouraged” Panama’s independence from Colombia

–We negotiated a treaty with France, Colombia, and Panama to build the canal

Asia and the Pacific

• Hawaii

–US businessmen will overthrow the Queen

–asked to be annexed by the US

•Philippines

–annexed after the Spanish-American War

•Open Door Policy

–Urged all foreigners to obey Chinese law

–Observe fair trade competition

World War I / The Great War

Causes of the Great War

1. Nationalism

2. Arms race (militarism)

3. Imperialism

4. Entangling Alliances

The original version of the presentation includes a video clip here. I can not insert it without violating our agreement w. UnitedStreaming….but, you can.

• War in Europe begins in 1914

• A Serbian nationalist will assassinate the Archduke of Austria-Hungary.

• Serbia has a treaty with Russia, AH has a treaty with Germany, Russia has a treaty with France etc. etc. etc

• A little regional problem becomes a big mess

• The US will remain neutral and most Americans wanted to stay out of European affairs

• Wilson will keep the US out for three years

• The US will declare war in 1917 because of German submarine strategy and our long standing ties to Great Britain

• Wilson said we were going to war “ to make the world safe for democracy” and to protect the principle of freedom of the seas.

Allied Powers

• Great Britain

• France

• Russia

• Serbia

• Italy

Central Powers

• Germany

• Austria-Hungary

• Turkey

• Bulgaria

The Players

The US will join the Allies

• The war has become a stalemate. Russia will drop out and America will enter just as Germany is making one last attempt to break through. America’s military resources of men and materials will tip the balance

The original version of the presentation includes a video clip here. I can not insert it without violating our agreement w. UnitedStreaming….but, you can, or, you can delete this frame.

• Germany will ask for an armistice (cease fire)

• It will go into effect on November 11th, 1918

• (11-11 at 11:00am)

• The war is over, now for the peace treaty

Fourteen Points• To guarantee no other wars like

this one, President Wilson will create a peace plan named the Fourteen Points.

• He will take his plan to the peace conference in Paris

• He hoped to eliminate the causes of war

• Wilson had several key points1.Self determination for all

groups2.Freedom of the seas for all

nations3.A Mandate system for all

former colonies of Germany4.A League of Nations

• Self determination-the idea that all ethnic groups should decide which country they belonged in

• Idea accepted• Leads to new nations being

created after World War I (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)

• Mandate system set up former colonies on a “learn to be a nation” program with a sponsor nation showing them how

• (Palestine, India and several others)

• The League of Nations was an international forum or peacekeeping organization set up to settle disputes before they caused a war

Treaty of Versailles (ver sigh)

• Wilson’s ideas were only partially successful

• Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany

• National Boundaries across Europe will be redrawn

• A League of Nations will be created

Ratification of the Treaty of Versailles in the US

• Many Americans objected to the Treaty because it contained the League of Nations

• They did not want to have our foreign policy dependent on an international organization

• After months of debates and a speaking tour of the US by Wilson, the Senate will vote against the treaty three times (this kills it)

• Wilson has a stroke during the tour and will become ineffective and stubborn

• The US will sign a separate agreement with Germany declaring the War over in the 1920s