scientific research observe--qualitative & quantitative formulate a hypothesis experiment...
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Scientific Research• Observe--qualitative & quantitative• Formulate a hypothesis• Experiment• Formulate a theory• Experiment• Make conclusions• Formulate a natural law--rarely
done
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Measurement•mass--kg•length--m•time--s•temperature--K•amount of substance--mol•electric current--A•luminous intensity--cd
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Measurement Prefixes
•giga(G)– 10-9
•mega(M)—10-6
•kilo(k)– 10-3
•hecto(h)– 10-2
•deka(da)– 10-1
•deci(d)-- 101
•centi(c)-- 102
•milli(m)-- 103
•micro(µ)-- 106
•nano(n)-- 109
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•Accuracy
•Precision
•Random error
•Systematic error
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Significant Figure Rules•Nonzero integers are significant
•Leading zeros are never significant
•Captive zeros are always significant
•Trailing zeros are only significant when there is a decimal present in the number
•Exact numbers have an infinite number of significant figures
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Significant Figures•20.0000
•500000
•2.056
•0.030
•0.0008
•4.09 x 105
614
2
1
3
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Significant Figure Rulesfor Addition and
Subtraction•The answer has the same number of decimal places as the least precise measurement.5.8 + 4.261 =
10.1
6.855 - 2 =
5
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Significant Figure Rulesfor Multiplication and
Division•The number of SF in the answer can be no greater than the number of SF in value with the least number of SF.5.8 x 4.261 =
25
6.855 / 2 =
3
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Temperature Conversions
•Fahrenheit to Celsius:
(F 32F) x 5C / 9F
•Celsius to Fahrenheit:
(C x 9F / 5C) + 32F
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Temperature Conversions
•Celsius to Kelvin:
C + 273
•Kelvin to Celsius:
•K 273
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How many SF are in the following:a.600.0
b.7.0090
c.2.050 x 10-2
d.2001
e. 5 x 105
f. 41,000
g.0.0008
h.0.0052010
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Round the following to 3 SF:
a.600.0
b.7.0090
c.2.050 x 10-2
d.2001
e. 5 x 105
f. 41,000
g.0.0008
h.0.0052010
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Perform the following using applicable SF rules:
a. 6.0 + 1.450
b. 1 0.0990
c. (2.050 x 10-2) x (6 x 105)
d. 200 8.5
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Subatomic Particles
• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons• Isotope formulae