Scientific Method• Observe• State the

Problem• Hypothesis• Experiment• Gather Data

• Analysis• Conclude• Communicate• Predict• Theory• Law

InferTo deduce in a logical manor from evidence

Independent VariableIn an experiment, the

variable that the experimenter plans to

change.

Dependent VariableIn an experiment, the variable whose value

depends on the independent variable.

Pure ResearchA type of scientific

investigation that seeks to gain knowledge for the

sake of knowledge itself.

Applied ResearchA type of scientific investigation that is

undertaken to solve a specific problem

TechnologyThe practical use of scientific information

ModelA visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of how things occur

ChemistryThe study of matter

and the changes that it undergoes.

Found in experiments• Control• Variables

▬Experimental Variables▬Unknown Variables

Review1.Matter2.Atom3.Atomic

Structure4.Nucleus5.Protons

6.Neutrons7.Electrons8.Electron

Cloud Theory

9.Electron Cloud

Review1.Element2.Atomic

Number3.Atomic

Symbol4.Element

Name

5.Atomic Mass6.Mass

Number7.Periods8.Family9.Group10.Organic

Matter

Review1.Phase

Changesa)Solidb)Liquidc)Gasd)Plasma

2.Ion3.Isotope

Periodic Table of the Elements

Nonmetals are found on the right

side of the Periodic Table.

Metals are found on the left side of the Periodic Table

1.Metalloids2.Alkali Metals3.Alkaline

Earth Metals4.Halogens

Review1.Nobel Gases2.Transition

Metals3.Rare Earth

Metals

4.Man Made Elements

5.Dimitri Mendeleev

6.Henry Moseley

Masses of Subatomic Particles

• Proton• Neutron• Electron

• 1.6726 X 10-27kg• 1.6749 X 10-27kg• 9.1094 X 10-31kg

Masses of Subatomic Particles

• Proton• Neutron• Electron

• 1.00728 amu• 1.00867 amu• 0.000549 amu

Charges of Subatomic Particles

• Proton

• Neutron• Electron

• 1.602 X 10−19 Coulomb

• 0 C• −1.602 X 10−19 C

Millikan's oil dropExperiment used to

determine the charge of an electron by suspending an oil drop between two metal

electrodes.

Thomson’s cathode ray

Proved the existence of a subatomic particle with a negative charge, named

electron

Le Châtelier’s PrincipleStates that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system

shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.

Ernest RutherfordUsed the Gold Foil

Experiment to prove existence of protons and that atoms are made of

mostly empty space.