Scientific MethodScientific MethodScience is ultimately based on Science is ultimately based on

observationobservation (perceiving objects or (perceiving objects or events using one of the five senses)events using one of the five senses)

Observations often lead to questions ---> Observations often lead to questions ---> which lead to experiments to answer the which lead to experiments to answer the questions. questions.

The common steps that biologists and The common steps that biologists and other other scientists use to gather scientists use to gather information and answer questionsinformation and answer questions

Lesson 1Lesson 1

Scientific InquiryScientific Inquiry

Do NowDo Now

Complete the Lab Safety Review Complete the Lab Safety Review Worksheet Worksheet

Scientific Scientific InquiryInquiry

What is What is Science?Science?

A body of A body of knowledgeknowledge

A way of knowing A way of knowing thingsthings

Starts when you ask a Starts when you ask a question!question!

Scientific MethodScientific Method Universal approach to Universal approach to

scientific problemscientific problem

Starts with a problem or Starts with a problem or question – ex:question – ex: DO seeds DO seeds need light to germinate?need light to germinate?

Search for information on this Search for information on this topictopic

Attempt to Attempt to PREDICTPREDICT by by making a making a HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis Hypothesis

Predicts the cause and Predicts the cause and effect relationship to be effect relationship to be testedtested

Ex: light is not required to Ex: light is not required to germinate seedsgerminate seeds

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Create Create 2 2 hypotheses using an “If…. hypotheses using an “If…. Then statement”Then statement”

Test the hypothesis by Test the hypothesis by EXPERIMENTATION EXPERIMENTATION which can which can support or fail to support a hypothesissupport or fail to support a hypothesis

(If….. Then…..)(If….. Then…..)

ExperimentExperiment = series of trials or tests = series of trials or tests

Independent variableIndependent variable = The thing = The thing you are testingyou are testing

Can be manipulatedCan be manipulated Ex: light, temp, H20Ex: light, temp, H20

Dependent variableDependent variable = What = What you measure in response to what you measure in response to what your changing your changing

Ex: growth, rate of…Ex: growth, rate of…

Control Control = ALL other conditions = ALL other conditions must be kept the samemust be kept the same those those not being tested = NO CHANGEnot being tested = NO CHANGE

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Worksheet “Martian Life” answer Worksheet “Martian Life” answer questions in your notebooksquestions in your notebooks

HomeworkHomework

Worksheet “Identifying Controls and Worksheet “Identifying Controls and Variables”Variables”

Lesson 2Lesson 2

Controlled experimentControlled experiment

Do NowDo Now

Worksheet “Identifying the Design of Worksheet “Identifying the Design of an Experiment”an Experiment”

What is a controlled What is a controlled experiment?experiment?

The The controlcontrol is the group in which all is the group in which all conditions are kept the conditions are kept the

same. The control is a “reference same. The control is a “reference point” for comparisonpoint” for comparison

The The experimental groupexperimental group is the test is the test group, in group, in which all conditions are which all conditions are kept the same except for the single kept the same except for the single condition being tested.condition being tested.

OBSERVATIONSOBSERVATIONS - what you measure - what you measure with your senses or tools:with your senses or tools:

Ex: Ex: VOLUMEVOLUME with a graduated cylinder with a graduated cylinder

MASS MASS with a balancewith a balance

LENGTHLENGTH with metric rulers with metric rulers

Record in graphs, tables etc Record in graphs, tables etc DATADATA

ANALYZE ANALYZE results and draw a results and draw a CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION to interpret your to interpret your results and decide if they support or results and decide if they support or refuse your hypothesis. (model can be refuse your hypothesis. (model can be made)made)

REPORTREPORT your results and present for your results and present for peer reviewpeer review

- Experiments are repeated and if the - Experiments are repeated and if the same results continually are the same same results continually are the same a a THEORYTHEORY can be proposed. can be proposed.

Ex: cell theoryEx: cell theory

TheoryTheory

Theory is an explanation for natural Theory is an explanation for natural events that is based on a large events that is based on a large number of observations.number of observations.

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Packet: “Graphing Activities”Packet: “Graphing Activities”

HomeworkHomework

Finish graphing activityFinish graphing activity

Lesson 3Lesson 3

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method

Do NowDo Now

Worksheet “Red Dye #2”Worksheet “Red Dye #2”

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Packet: “The Scientific Method”Packet: “The Scientific Method”

HomeworkHomework

Complete packet for homeworkComplete packet for homework

Lesson 4Lesson 4

Review Graphing and Data Review Graphing and Data OrganizationOrganization

Do NowDo Now

Worksheet “What happened here”Worksheet “What happened here”

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Complete graphing homework Complete graphing homework practicepractice

Practice regents graphing questionsPractice regents graphing questions

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Designing your own Designing your own experimentexperiment

Do NowDo Now

Create a flow chart in your notebook Create a flow chart in your notebook containing the steps of the scientific containing the steps of the scientific method in order:method in order:

Analyze dataAnalyze data Create a questionCreate a question Perform experimentPerform experiment ConclusionConclusion Organize data in graphs or chartsOrganize data in graphs or charts Form a hypothesisForm a hypothesis Make observationsMake observations Research Research

How to Write a Lab Report:How to Write a Lab Report:

Title Page: Title Page: Lab # and TitleLab # and Title Objectives:Objectives: Purpose of doing lab (question and Purpose of doing lab (question and

hypothesis)hypothesis) Materials and Supplies List: Materials and Supplies List: Procedures: Procedures: see lab directionssee lab directions Observations: Observations: all data charts, tables, graphs, all data charts, tables, graphs,

drawingsdrawings Analysis and Interpretations: Analysis and Interpretations: answers to answers to

questionsquestions Conclusions: Conclusions: what you learned! Did you reach what you learned! Did you reach

objectivesobjectives

Design your own Design your own experimentexperiment

With your lab partner you will design With your lab partner you will design your own biological experimentyour own biological experiment

Each of you must turn in YOUR OWN Each of you must turn in YOUR OWN copy of the experimentcopy of the experiment

All labs must be typed All labs must be typed All labs must be in the lab report All labs must be in the lab report

formatformat You must include at least 1 data chart You must include at least 1 data chart

or graph or graph

In class assignmentIn class assignment

Complete steps 1-4 for your own Complete steps 1-4 for your own biological experimentbiological experiment

Homework Homework

Complete lab planningComplete lab planning

Lesson 6Lesson 6

Conduct your lab experimentConduct your lab experiment

In class In class assignment/Homeworkassignment/Homework

Complete your lab reportComplete your lab report

Lesson 7Lesson 7

ReviewReview