Scientific Method

AND

matter

Scientific MethodParts-

-Problem -Always a question format-Hypothesis -

Educated Guess?

Oxymoron

It is a prediction based on previous experience and knowledge.

-Procedure Another name? Experiment

Reproducible - Can be done by anyone and get the same results

- Data - Two general types

Qualitative

- Observations, descriptions, adjectives.

- Quality

-Quantitative - QuantityA measurement, numbers, measuring tools

- Pictorial Charts - Columns and rowsGraphs - 3 types

Line - Change over timeBar - Comparison of numbersPie - Percentage or #’s out of 100

Graph these data Sets

Time Rocket reached a particular height

  Rocket 1 Rocket 2 Rocket 3       10 m 0.1 0.2 0.0520m 0.2 0.3 0.130m 0.5 0.4 0.240m 0.6 0.45 0.350m 0.9 0.48 0.4

Percentage of gas In the atmosphere

Carbon 1  Nitrogen Dioxide 0.04

Oxygen 19  Carbon Monoxide 0.5Nitrogen 78  Ozone 1.01Helium 0.06     Sulfur Dioxide 0.39     

Runner’s Best TimeRunner's # Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Average

504 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.20505 4.9 4.5 4.8 4.73607 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.20703 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.50

-Parts of a good graph --Fit the space you are given-Labels

-Axis-Title-Units

-Graduations-Your choice-Do not have to start at zero

-Legend --Cannot cover data

- You can have more that one line (or Bar) on the graph.

- Only show the data that helps prove your hypothesis

-Conclusion -3 parts1 - Did you prove your hypothesis and why?

- Use your data to back it up2- If you were to do this experiment over,

what would you change to get better results?3- How can you experiment further to

test something similar?

“ If this is the answer to this question, then I wonder if . . . “

Matter-Definition - Anything that has mass and takes

up space-Characteristics

-Has mass - Gravity can affect it-Has volume- Takes up space

-matter cannot occupy the same space that matter is already in.

-Chemical- How it reacts to other matter

-Physical -Has to do with the five senses

-Physical Properties -Density -The relationship between mass and

volume-Formula -

D = m . v

-D Density-m mass- v volume -ml, L, gal, oz.

-cm3, ft3, mm3

- g, kg, lb, tn- g/ml, kg/L

- Regular Object – has a length width and height-Irregular Object – Does not have a length width and

-height- Find volume using displacement method

- Practice problem

What is the density of a 75 g block of wood measuring 12 cm x 8 cm x 9 cm?

- Formula first

D = m . v

-D -m - v

- Identify Numbers

75g864 cm3

12 cm X 8cm X 9cm = 864 cm3

- Substitute numbers in

D = 75g . 864cm3

- The work it takes to solve

= .087

- AND DON’T FORGET THE UNITS!

g/cm 3

-To get full credit for the math that is done in class you MUST :

- Show the formula for EACH problem- Substitute numbers in the formula- Show your work to solve- AND DON’T FORGET THE UNITS!

Archimedes Day!!!

Key concepts:

- Archimedes principle: an object is buoyed up by a force equal to the mass of the fluid displaced.

-It floats when the weight of the water displaced equals the weight of the object.

- Objects sink until they float --The object will sink, sink, sink until enough water has moved out of the way to equal the weight of the object and it begins to float. - Matter will float if it is less dense than what it is

placed in. Density of water = 1.0 g/ml

-Particle theory of matter- Phases of matter -

- Solid- Liquid- Gas- Plasma

- Definite shape and definite volume- indefinite shape and definite volume

- indefinite shape and indefinite volume- Heated ionized (charged) gas

Close

Far

Entropy – All matter is in constant motion. Even in solids, the particles are vibrating in place.